Abstract: In a method of laying out abnormally-shaped grid decks, the abnormally-shaped grid decks refer to grid decks having a cut-out at the corner thereof. It is usually a problem when laying out abnormally-shaped grid decks because they will be off-balance when they are laid on the columns. Support frames are used to support the abnormally-shaped grid decks and keep them balanced and stable on the columns. However, the support frames may obstruct the working route used in construction. The method adopted in the present invention adds temporary beams to maintain the abnormally-shaped grid decks by balancing them on the columns before they are fixed and secured thereon, and thereafter the temporary beams will be removed. This method can prevent using support frames which may obstruct the working route under construction.

Abstract: A structure of a dry heating system, and a method for constructing the same are disclosed. An upper board stacked on a heat radiator has a double-layer structure comprising first upper board elements and second upper board elements in order to prevent steps from being formed at seaming portions formed on the upper portion of the dry heating system, thereby maintaining flatness of the upper board, and reducing any bending of the upper board, in which the first upper board elements constitute a lower portion of the double-layer structure, and serve to protect the heat radiator while supporting a weight load, and the second upper board elements constitute an upper portion of the double-layer structure, and serve to maintain the flatness of the upper board by removing the steps, thereby ensuring excellent quality in construction of the dry heating system.

Abstract: An interlocking modular building block system for mortarless cavity wall construction having blocks configured such that upon grouting, the cavity is solidly filled in a unified mass. Four block configurations are provided, namely runner, half, corner, and end block units. The runner has a length two times its width, and the other blocks have the same width and length as the width of the runner. Common to all blocks is a pair of parallel offset solid walls forming the outside and inside walls while creating vertical and horizontal positive and negative alignment features. The offset walls also form flat horizontal and vertical surfaces where successive units meet upon alignment. These walls are connected by one or more transverse membranes, with the exception of the corner block, where the walls are joined end to end at right angles.

Abstract: Provided is a constructive light weight insulation block and construction method thereof, and more particularly, to a constructive light weight insulation block on that finishes interior and exterior walls of a building by adding a finishing material to a block main body including light weight bubbling synthetic resin, thereby reducing material costs, simplifying a block building process. The constructive light weight heat insulation block that is stacked in interior and exterior walls of a building is formed of a bubbling synthetic resin, and comprises a coupling projection formed on the top surface thereof so that a recess is not generated when the constructive light weight heat insulation block is stacked, a coupling groove formed on the bottom surface thereof and corresponding to the coupling projection, and a projection portion and a groove portion formed in the front and rear surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A block (30) useful in creating, for example, a landscape edging, a patio framing for a patio is L-shaped and includes a first member (32) and a second member (34). The block (30) is adapted to be arranged in an interlocking or interfitting fashion with other similarly configured blocks (30).

Abstract: A precast concrete retaining wall forms a wing wall for a precast concrete culvert unit and is supported by a concrete footer with one or more precast anchor member projecting laterally from the wing wall into the back-filled soil behind the wing wall. Secondary reinforcing members in the form of elongated metal fibers or light weight welded wire mesh extend throughout the wing wall, and substantially heavier primary reinforcing bars extend vertically within the wing wall where head portions of reinforcing rods within the anchor member connect with the wing wall. In another embodiment, the reinforcing rods within the anchor member extend through ducts or tubes and have end portions threaded into the tubular anchors precast within the wing wall adjacent the reinforcing rods to provide for attaching the anchor member at the construction site after separately precasting the anchor member and wing wall.

Abstract: Forms for building and assembling water containment holders such as but not limited to inground spas, pools, manmade ponds and fountains. The forms can have an L-shape with downwardly protruding members for allowing the forms to be placed about a base foundation having receiving openings for the protruding members. Lower walls, seats and backrests can be placed about the forms to assemble the water containment holder. All the components including the base, the forms, the seats, lower walls, and backrests can be modular components that are easily transported and assembled by an individual installer.

Abstract: The present invention is a masonry unit, masonry system and method of constructing a structure using the system. In its most basic form, the masonry unit of the present invention includes substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces, substantially parallel a front and back surfaces, and substantially parallel right and left surfaces. A locking ridge is disposed upon the top surface and extends along the top surface in substantially parallel relation to the front and back surfaces. A locking channel is disposed with in the bottom surface and is dimensioned to mate with locking ridge on the top surface of an adjoining masonry unit. The locking channel is disposed inward from the bottom surface a distance that is a slightly larger than the distance from the top surface to the top of the ridge. The system includes a primary masonry unit and at least one corner masonry unit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for constructing non-seamed stone corners for use on outside edges formed by joining thin stone walls at right angles. Thin stone is used to lay the field of the walls. Then first and second cuts are made in a building stone, removing a residual piece and leaving a corner stone with sides ½ inch to 3 inch thick to match the thickness of the thin stone on the field of the walls. These corner stones are laid on the corner formed by the right angle joint between the walls, giving the illusion of a thick building stone wall with nearly the low cost and easy laying of thin stone. Where the residual piece is large enough, it is used to cut a second corner stone in the same manner.

Abstract: A building block for use in construction, comprises a first and second side wall. First and second end walls join the first side wall to the second side wall at the respective ends thereof. A top surface and a bottom surface are also provided. The top and bottom surfaces are profiled to interfit with one another. The block is characterized in that each end wall is substantially Z-shaped.

Abstract: A concrete block comprised of a horizontal rearwardly extending surface of a suitable elevation and a vertically extending surface that extends an appropriate height above the horizontal surface, whereby the present invention allows for the association of vertical and horizontal structures and for the construction of aesthetically pleasing elevated surfaces and platforms, decorative steps and various stair and riser systems.

Abstract: A corner form for an insulating concrete form system. The corner form has two spaced apart insulating panels connected by a plurality of webs. Each insulating panel comprises a short leg of length of eighteen inches and a long leg of thirty inches forming an obtuse angle at their respective intersections. The insulating panels have projections formed in the upper surface thereof and corresponding, vertically aligned notches formed in the lower surface. The projections and notches receivingly cooperate with one another so that stacked corner forms can interlock with one another. The projections and notches accommodate alternating orientation of long and short legs to enable alternating overlapping connection of forms of succeeding courses. The exterior insulating panel of the corner form optionally includes a plurality of vertical reinforcing brackets each having perpendicularly arranged plates extending the full height of the corner form.

Abstract: A block for use in constructing a retaining wall having a bottom with a non-planar portion which creates a gap between the bottom surface and the top surface of a lower course of similar blocks when the block is placed thereon. This gap assists the block in resting on the lower course of blocks in a stable, level manner by providing a space where small amounts of rubble and dirt may exist without interfering with the stacking of the blocks. The non-planar, preferably concave, portion is also advantageous in that it reduces the unit weight of the block without significantly affecting the structural integrity of the block. Preferably, the block's bottom surface further comprises a plurality of grooves which further reduce the weight of the block and provide additional clearance in the gap for larger stones.

Abstract: A block for use in constructing a retaining wall having a bottom with a non-planar portion which creates a gap between the bottom surface and the top surface of a lower course of similar blocks when the block is placed thereon. This gap assists the block in resting on the lower course of blocks in a stable, level manner by providing a space where small amounts of rubble and dirt may exist without interfering with the stacking of the blocks. The non-planar, preferably concave, portion is also advantageous in that it reduces the unit weight of the block without significantly affecting the structural integrity of the block. Preferably, the block's bottom surface further comprises a plurality of grooves which further reduce the weight of the block and provide additional clearance in the gap for larger stones.

Abstract: A hollow, L-shaped plastic block has a protrusion on a first end and a recess on the opposite end which fit together to form a retaining wall. A rod extends between openings in the protrusion and the recess to secure adjacent blocks against lateral movement. Alternating ribs and grooves are formed in two laterally extending surfaces and a horizontally extending surface to reinforce them against bulging and to provide passageways for runoff. Rebar is used to attach the blocks to the underlying and adjacent soil. A hole may be cored in an upper surface, fill selected from the group of sand, soil, rock, cement and water inserted, and the cored plug reattached using spin welding.

Abstract: A weed control apron block (10) laid on the boundary of a sidewalk. A step portion (113) is provided on the sidewalk-side upper end edge (111) of the weed control apron block (10). A member having a high thermal conductivity, e.g. an iron plate (20), is installed in the step portion (113). The iron plate (20) is a flat plate member extending over the entire longitudinal length of the step portion (113). A heating wire may be installed in the step portion (113).

Abstract: Interlocking blocks are provided which are light in weight, and which may be assembled without use of mortar or other binding agent. Because the interlocking block is light in weight, it may be of a larger size than conventional blocks. Each interlocking block employs a number of projections and corresponding notches positioned and dimensioned to couple with adjacent interlocking block's projections and corresponding notches. A series of such interlocking blocks may then be assembled to form gravity retaining walls or any other rigid structures. The interlocking blocks are structurally strong enough to be used as form-work and may also be filled with insulating material, sound-proofing material, reinforcing material or any other advantageous material. The interlocking blocks may also be quickly assembled or disassembled in individualized constructions, may be pre-assembled into wall sections on or off a construction site.

Abstract: A construction element, such as a supporting element for a retaining wall, has a casing which is at least partially permeable. The casing contains a block-shaped, granulated, bulk or porous filling material. The casing has two layers including a relatively rigid grating part (GT) for strength and a relatively flexible, finer meshed netting part (NT) for containment of filling material. The casing is designed as a closed hollow body which is coupled to the filling (FL) so as to form a substantially self-supporting construction element which is completely prefabricated.

Abstract: Refractory door jamb assemblies for high temperature furnaces. The door jamb assemblies include alternating courses of refractory brick shapes, selected ones of which are fitted with apertures that are aligned as by drilling, when the bricks are installed. One or more steel rods are inserted through the aligned apertures to fasten and retain the bricks in the desired position so as to cooperatively act with the bricks and prevent them from moving when subjected to thermal and mechanical forces encountered in use.

Abstract: A building block for a wall enables the blocks to be mounted in offset and flush modes. The block has an extension portion on the bottom, making the bottom longer than the top. The rearward lug protrudes from the bottom at the extension portion. The forward lug protrudes from the bottom forward of the rearward lug. In the offset mode, the upper row of blocks rests on the lower row with the forward lug of the upper row engaging the rearward end of the lower row of blocks. In the flush mode, the forward lug is removed and the blocks positioned with the forward end substantially flush. The rearward lugs of the upper row will then engage the rearward ends of the lower row. Holes extend through the blocks for receiving pins for interlocking them together. Some of the holes are elongated. The pins have enlarged heads which locate in the elongated holes, but will not fit in the cylindrical holes.

Abstract: A composite comprising two glazed angled masonry building units. Each masonry building unit includes a glazed front face including a planar portion that is opposed a back face and a second segment that intersects the planar portion. The second segment forms an obtuse angle with the planar portion and has a length that is equal to or shorter than the length of the planar portion. A side face of the building unit is angled and intersects the second segment and the back face. This side face forms an obtuse angle with the back face and an angle with the second segment of the front face. Also provided is a mold and method for producing glazed masonry building units. In addition, a wall corner composite comprising one of the glazed angled masonry units and a mitered stretcher is provided.Also included is a masonry building unit for use in constructing a structurally reinforced corner that includes a cut out portion.

Abstract: A paving stone (10) is provided which includes individual sectors (20, 30) of uniform size and shape. Each sector (20, 30) is joined together to form a unique pattern such as a cross-paver (10), a Z-paver (110) or an S-paver (210). Some sectors (20, 30) are tips sectors (20) which attach to only one other central sector (30) and some sectors (20, 30) are central sectors (30) which attach to two or more other top sectors (20). Each of the sectors (20, 30) extend between a common top surface (40) and a bottom surface (50). An outside surface (60) defines a periphery of the paving stone. A V-groove (80) is positioned on the top surface (40) at margins between adjacent sectors (20, 30). The V-groove (80) includes a crease (82) on a bottom thereof which encourages vertical crack propagation from the top surface (40) through to the bottom surface (50) in a plane when a appropriate force-applying tool is utilized. When this occurs the paver (10) is modified into a paver of a different shape.

Abstract: A composite comprising two glazed angled masonry building units. Each masonry building unit includes a glazed front face including a planar portion that is opposed a back face and a second segment that intersects the planar portion. The second segment forms an obtuse angle with the planar portion and has a length that is equal to or shorter than the length of the planar portion. A side face of the building unit is angled and intersects the second segment and the back face. This side face forms an obtuse angle with the back face and an angle with the second segment of the front face. Also provided is a mold and method for producing glazed masonry building units. In addition, a wall corner composite comprising one of the glazed angled masonry units and a mitred stretcher is provided.Also included is a masonry building unit for use in constructing a structurally reinforced corner that includes a cut out portion.

Abstract: A wall corner composite comprising two glazed angled masonry building units. Each masonry building unit includes a glazed front face including a planar portion that is opposed a back face and a second segment that intersects the planar portion. The second segment forms an obtuse angle with the planar portion and has a length that is equal to or shorter than the length of the planar portion. A side face of the building unit is angled and intersects the second segment and the back face. This side face forms an obtuse angle with the back face and an angle with the second segment of the front face. Also provided is a mold and method for producing glazed masonry building units. In addition, a wall corner composite comprising one of the glazed angled masonry units and a mitred stretcher is provided.Also included is a masonry building unit for use in constructing a structurally reinforced corner that includes a cut out portion.

Abstract: Glazed masonry building unit is provided for constructing a stanchion or turning a corner. The front face of each such masonry building unit is glazed with a resinous composition and is intended to be exposed. the front face comprises a planar portion, a first angled segment that intersects the planar portion at one end thereof to thereby form an obtuse angle, and a second angled segment that intersects the planar portion at the other end thereof to thereby form an obtuse angle. Also provided is a stanchion constructed of a plurality of the glazed masonry building units. Moreover, there is provided a mold for producing the glazed masonry building units.

Abstract: A precast, waffle corner panel is featured for modular construction of buildings and edifices. The corner panel maintains dimensional incrementing in wall construction previously lost by the practice of overlapping two adjacent walls to form a corner. All connections and securements are achieved within the interior framework of the panel.

Abstract: A wall corner composite comprising two glazed angled masonry building units. Each masonry building unit includes a glazed front face including a planar portion that is opposed a back face and a second segment that intersects the planar portion. The second segment forms an obtuse angle with the planar portion and has a length that is equal to or shorter than the length of the planar portion. A side face of the building unit is angled and intersects the second segment and the back face. This side face forms an obtuse angle with the back face and an angle with the second segment of the front face. Also provided is a mold and method for producing glazed masonry building units. In addition, a wall corner composite comprising one of the glazed angled masonry units and a mitred stretcher is provided. Also included is a masonry building unit for use in constructing a structurally reinforced corner that includes a cut out portion.

Abstract: A molded base element includes a base element body having a substantially rhomboid longitudinal sectional shape and formed of two side walls intersecting one another along a longitudinal direction. Each of the side walls extends between longitudinally spaced cut surfaces and has a base surface adjacent a free end thereof opposite the intersection of the side walls. Slots or holes can be formed at the flattened surface at the line of intersection. Alternatively, grooves can be formed on the inner or end surfaces of the walls.

Abstract: An insulating plate unit comprises a first engaging end and a second engaging end. The first fin extends longitudinally from an upper edge of the first engaging end and along a length of the upper edge. A first wing extends longitudinally from a lower edge of the first engaging end and along a length of the lower edge. The first wing extends to a distance greater than that of the first fin. The first wing has an inward facing surface and an outward facing surface. A channel is defined by the first fin and the first wing. A recess is formed in the outward facing surface and extends along the length of the lower edge of the first engaging end. A ridge is formed on the inward facing surface and extends along the length of the lower edge of the first engaging end. A groove is correspondingly formed in the second engaging end for engaging with the ridge of another insulating plate unit. The second engaging end is complimentary to the first engaging end so that the insulating plate units can be interconnected.

Abstract: A wall corner composite comprising two glazed angled masonry building units. Each masonry building unit includes a glazed front face including a planar portion that is opposed a back face and a second segment that intersects the planar portion. The second segment forms an obtuse angle with the planar portion and has a length that is equal to or shorter than the length of the planar portion. A side face of the building unit is angled and intersects the second segment and the back face. This side face forms an obtuse angle with the back face and an angle with the second segment of the front face. Also provided is a mold and method for producing glazed masonry building units.

Abstract: A revetment unit for protecting shoreline or waterway embankments from eron comprising a generally L-shaped web having first and second arm portions converging at an apex and forming a 90.degree. right angle. Each of the first and second arm portions terminate at end portions. Identical cylinder members are associated with the web and extend above and below the plane of the web. The cylinder members have a height substantially less than their width and a single cylinder member is positioned at each of the end portions and at the apex. The web has a width slightly less than the diameter of the cylinder members yet greater than the radius of the cylinder members. The end portion cylinders are equally spaced from the apex cylinder a distance between about 0.10 to about 0.25 of the diameter of the cylinders.

Abstract: A construction element is disclosed for retaining a soil mass. In general, the construction element comprises a face panel and a plurality of protruding arms. The face panel has a forward wall, a rearward wall, side walls and a top and bottom wall. Such protruding arm extends from the rearward wall of the face panel, and each have an upper wall, lower wall, a back wall and side walls. The upper and lower walls of these protruding arms are each provided with engaging means for facilitating stacking of at least a portion of the protruding arm of one construction element, on top of at least a portion of the protruding arm of another construction element, and for preventing relative sliding movement therebetween. These construction elements can be used to construct a retaining wall and soil reinforcement subsystem, which comprises one or more free-standing retaining wall construction elements and at least one grid structure positioned behind each such construction element.

Abstract: A retaining wall is described using multiple pre-cast concrete block modules positioned in stacked horizontal rows with multiple vertical concrete columns which interlock each horizontal row. Each block, which is designed and manufactured to interlock with other like modules, includes a body having at least one vertical side, a leg connecting means attached to a vertical side, and a central passageway. In the preferred embodiment, a leg is attached to and extends laterally from the body with a compatible connecting means formed on the end surface of the leg which interconnects with a leg connecting means located on the body. An alignment means may be formed on the top and bottom surface of the body and used to align stacked block modules. During the wall's assembly, the modules are positioned side-by-side and interconnected in a horizontal row either on the ground or on a pre-constructed continuous concrete footing. End or corner block modules are used when desired.

Abstract: The embankment stabilizing brick, in plan view, is of an L-shaped configuration. Formed on the free end of the short-ended leg (12 ) is a stub tongue (14) extending in the direction of the long-ended leg. The length of the stub tongue corresponds at least to about half the width of the long-ended leg (10) but amounts only to a fraction of the length thereof. Provided on the upper and lower sides are depressions (16, 18) serving for mutually keying superposed embankment stabilizing bricks. The weight of the new brick corresponds to almost half the weight of conventional embankment stabilizing bricks; however, owing to the stub tongue (14) it can be stably stored superposed in various positions.

Abstract: A block of this invention for constructing a retaining wall is characterized by having a front wall portion of a rectangular shape, a rear retaining portion extending rearwardly and perpendicularly from the front wall portion and a gnarl-like uniting portion integrally formed at the distal end of the rear retaining portion. The block is further provided with vertical elongated holes through which reinforcing bars pass at least at a position where the front wall portion and the rear retaining portion merge and in the gnarl-like uniting portion. Due to such construction, when the blocks are stacked up in rows and the soil for land creation is charged in the spaces, each of which is defined by the front wall portion, the rear retaining portions and the gnarl-like uniting portion to form a retaining wall, such retaining wall can show increased integrity and stability against earthquakes, vibrations or flood disasters.

Abstract: A stable, multi-component footer is provided for supporting markers, memorials, gravestones and/or monuments in cemeteries and the like. The footer forms a hollow, generally rectangular structure for installation within a grave. It includes a pair of integral vertical side members which are spaced apart sufficiently to accommodate a casket therebetween. An upper horizontal support member extends between and is connected to the upper ends of the two side members, to provide a support plate for the monument. When the footer is assembled, its components are secured detachably by locking means comprising engageable complementary male and female elements. The locking means provides stability to the assembled footer, as well as ease of assembly. In its preferred form, the footer comprises two separate, complemental, interchangeable L-shaped components, one component being in the form of an inverted L and the other being in the form of an upright L.

Abstract: A tripling or more in the production rate of precast concrete building units utilizing reusable mold forms is achieved by casting the units vertically on a wheeled base between separable vertical mold forms. The partially cured poured concrete unit is horizontally transported on the wheeled base from between the separated molds to complete the curing independently thereof, the forms being immediately serviceable with another wheeled base for molding another unit.A building is erected on a concrete slab foundation using a plurality of precast concrete units in the form of L-shaped walls positioned as corner structure and spaced intermediate exterior wall elements and as interior partitions and roof supports.

Abstract: The block is preferably used in the construction of a retaining wall which would be constructed from a plurality of these blocks laid in a similar manner to the laying of conventional concrete blocks. The block of this invention is generally T-shaped having a facing wall and a somewhat elongated support wall.

Abstract: A modular crypt system has adjacent columns comprised of substantially "inverted L" shaped modules, each module having substantially planar vertical and horizontal legs joined at ends thereof to define a corner. A corner reinforcement portion is provided on the inside adjacent surfaces of the legs, together with a notch portion on the outer edge of the vertical leg and adjacent the reinforcement portion. A tongue portion is formed at a free end of the module horizontal leg. The tongue portion of one module is supported in notch portions of an adjacent module. A column of stacked vertical end members is provided adjacent one of the modular columns with each vertical end member having a notch portion at a top end which support the tongue portion of adjacent "inverted L" shaped modules. A building roof is principally supported by the modular columns and end members.

Abstract: The interlocked building blocks, which normally require no mortar, have undercut grooves around their face edges, forming dove-tail-sectioned grooves at all the joints between adjacent blocks in a wall, which may be used to receive and hold sealing material for the joints, as well as to provide suitable support means for fixing attachment hooks or clips to the wall.

Abstract: Wall paneling includes a pair of corner panels, a center panel, and pair of end panels, each of a molded unit construction. The corner panels have a pair of right-angular walls and the other panels are flat. Each of the end and center panels have upright marginal enlargements terminating in edge flanges. The inner enlargement of the end panels and both enlargements of the center panel adjustably overlap and receive therein a corresponding portion of a wall of a corner panel and are coplanar therewith respectively. The end panels extend at right angles to the center panels. Adhesive is interposed between the overlapped portions of the end and center panels and corresponding corner panel. Said paneling may be used for covering the end and back walls of tub enclosures.

Abstract: An adjustable tile trim which can be constructed of tile itself, wood, plastic, or any suitable material, which has two inner surfaces substantially at right angles to each other, one of which abuts the front face of a cabinet, and the other surface fits over the terminating front edge of the tile, both surfaces being cemented. If the tile terminating edge is receded from the edge of a counter, a filler such as mortar is placed between the terminating tile edge and the face of the cabinet for structural strength and other purposes. Hence, the necessity of trimming the tile to the trim has been obviated in that the trim can accommodate any range of termination setback from the face of the counter and the trim is adjustable in a vertical plane to accommodate any thickness of tile.