Abstract: Large area concrete structures, such as roadways, parking lots and playing field bases are monolithically cast with integral drainage elements using an especially formulated water-permeable concrete material having strength and durability to conventional concrete. Such structure provide minimal interference with natural water flow patterns, optimal use of available land, and minimal harm to adjacent vegetation.

Abstract: A precast modular panel suitable for forming at least a portion of a wall or other part of a building, and associated methods of constructing said panel, the panel comprising lightweight, high strength, water resistant concrete achieved by a unique combination of lightweight aggregates and structural additives, said concrete therefore exhibiting high structural strength and high insulative properties. In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, the panel comprises a layer of lightweight high strength concrete possessing high insulative properties combined with a layer of lightweight concrete particularly selected to enhance the composite insulative properties of the panel. The panel may be constructed with a minimum of labor and with maximum utilization of available forms and the like and may carry provisions for its ready connection with other similar panels, and with other building structures.

Abstract: A building formed by assembling a multiplicity of pre-cast reinforced concrete panels including horizontal footer panels, solid exterior vertical panels, exterior vertical corner panels, exterior vertical door panels, exterior vertical window panels, interior solid vertical panels, interior vertical door panels, interior vertical partition panels, horizontal floor/ceiling panels, and horizontal ceiling/roof panels, the various panels being joined together in side-by-side relation by continuous welds of welding bars rigidly mounted to the reinforcing of the panels, the vertical panels being connected with the horizontal panels by connecting rod assemblies, the panels providing built-in electrical junction boxes and access wiring thereto, plumbing passageways and temperature air ducts.

Abstract: An improved reinforced structural member and method of fabricating the member. The structural member is a truss slab of a type embodying a lower concrete slab having reinforcement embedded therein; means providing a network of passages overlying the base slab; and an overlying concrete slab with reinforcement therein, including concrete columns extending between the overlying slab and the base slab. Additional reinforcing members or struts are provided connected between the reinforcing members in the lower slab and the reinforcing members in the upper slab. These members are of improved construction embodying a lower section and a separable upper section. The lower section extends to the height of the top surface of the lower slab permitting improvements in the method in that the lower slab can be poured without the reinforcing struts or members being in the way. The upper section of the reinforcing strut is then joined to the lower section, after which the upper slab is poured.

Abstract: New light, strong, non-shrinking cellular concrete having good thermal and acoustic insulating properties prepared by incorporating aluminum and an alkaline agent capable of producing a gas when reacted with the aluminum within an anhydrite binder, placing the mixture in a mold, and permitting it to expand to a cellular product and cure. The products are useful as building materials. The invention includes the production of building elements comprising the cellular anhydrite product as described above adhered to at least one layer of a substantially non-cellular or dense facing layer made with an anhydrite binder or sandwiched between and adhered to non-cellular facing layers both made with an anhydrite binder.

Abstract: A premium paving unit of elastomeric binder material and friction aggregate formed by a molding method which results in an ideal distribution of the aggregate in the binder wherein the aggregate is exposed at a wear face of the unit, has a preferential orientation with the wear face, and is substantially uniformly distributed throughout the remainder of the unit.

Abstract: A method for forming a concrete floor as a monolithic unit is disclosed wherein wet concrete mix is deposited and screeded to achieve a generally uniform thickness of concrete with the aggregate being densified or settled to produce a thin upper layer formed substantially from sand and cement, thereafter floating the concrete to substantially remove surface irregularities, and then grinding the upper surface of the concrete floor after it is hardened to produce a flat surface having a "sanded" finish.

Abstract: Wall structure modules comprising a plurality of narrow, substantially ceiling high panels of integral sandwich construction with a thickness of insulation molded between two thicknesses of light weight concrete. There are tongue and groove configurations along opposite sides of the panels conditioning them to be nested together. A full-height steel stud is encased in each exterior panel and has a small bracket at the top exposed for attachment of a top plate, which fits over the panels of a complete wall section to unitize it. Interior panels are similar but the steel studs are full height in every other panel only. A transverse channel extends across the bottom of each panel on the inside, the lower flange of which is secured to the sub-floor. In the assembled wall these channels are aligned to serve as a conduit for plumbing and electrical wiring.

Abstract: Composite building elements of reinforced concrete having trimmed outer surfaces, formed through the coupling of two flat basic semielements, each of which comprising a continuous metal reinforcement according to a fret-like pattern, formed of a perforated metal laminate, or a latticework or a bent wire net said basic semielements comprising on the outer trimming side also a flat wire net embedded within an initial layer of cement mixture, the fineness of which decreases from the outer surface to said inner reinforcement, so that the complete element provided through the coupling of the two semielements has the two exposed sides perfectly smooth and trimmed; the fabrication and coupling of said semielements being realized by an automatic equipment working in a continuous cycle, comprising at least one feeding continuous rubber belt running over a plane of transverse metal box elements articulated to one another and sidewise guided by C-shaped elements opposite to one another, along the sides of said continuou

Abstract: A precast modular panel suitable for forming at least a portion of a wall or other part of a building comprising a layer of lightweight high strength concrete. The lightweight aggregates comprise scoria to impart strength to the concrete, in cooperation with especially selected pumice to provide water resistance and high insulative properties, along with chopped fiberglass to enhance the structural strength, so that the lightweight concrete possesses strengths fully comparable to those of many concretes for structural uses. The insulative properties of the lightweight concrete contrasts very favorably to those of other lightweight concretes, and with conventional structural concrete. The panel may be so constructed as to require no subsequent decorative finishing.

Abstract: This invention relates to a structural laminate having a plastic surface finish coat laminated to a structural base which has exceptional bond strength between the structural base and the plastic layer with which it interfaces. The structural base comprises a glass reinforced gypsum layer. The plastic laminate portion comprises a plastic surface finish coat, preferably a polyester gel coat or an acrylic resin, bonded to a reinforcing layer of curable polyester or epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibers. The reinforcing layer is adhered to a bonding layer which comprises glass fibers protruding from the reinforcing layer and coated with a limited amount of organic resin such as polyester or epoxy resin. The glass reinforced gypsum layer is applied to the protruding fibers of the bonding layer to form an interface having a bond strength of at least about 150 psi as determined by ASTM C297-68.

Abstract: An insulated masonry building block and a method for forming such a block in which cementitious aggregate material is cast around an insert formed from insulating material, whereby the insert remains a part of the block.

Abstract: A method and building construction element for manufacturing thermally insulated buildings, in which building construction elements are applied which have the form of half a truss with an outer arch side, an inner arch side and two sides of shape plate truss, comprising a core of synthetic hard foam of which the outer arch side and the inner arch side are provided with plate-like coverings and of which sides are uncovered, which half trusses are combined at the construction site to form complete trusses, arranged in adjacent relationship, whereafter the adjoining surfaces are sealingly interconnected. In the method for manufacturing the building construction elements, a mold of corresponding shape is provided comprising an open side and arranged with the open side up, while the upright bent walls of the mold are provided on the inside with a plate-like lining, whereafter the mold is supplied through the open side with the foaming reaction mixture.

Abstract: A building block comprising a pair of plane walls which constitute a front and rear wall thereof, the front and rear walls being formed without connecting bridges or webs therebetween and being maintained in spaced relationship by an insulating material. In one embodiment the block is formed from two block parts, the first block part including the front wall of the block and the second block part including the rear wall of the block, the arrangement of the block parts being such that the parts are maintained spaced apart by a layer of insulating material and the shape of the block parts being such that a portion of one block part projects within the confines of the other block part.

Abstract: A cementitious facing material for bonding to either preformed masonry building units or to existing masonry and concrete walls, floors or slabs; comprising a suitable proportioned dry mixture of (1) white Portland cement, (2) washed and screened sand of glass making quality, and (3) paint pigments. These thoroughly mixed dry materials are activated into a moist colored concrete mixture of troweling consistancy by the addition of a wetting agent in the correct proportions of water and polyvinyl acetate resin emulsion (containing approximately 50% of solids). The proportions of water and resin in the wetting agent to be based upon the desired percentage of resin to be retained in the facing material after it has been cured. A coating of bonding material is applied to the face of the preformed masonry unit or to the existing masonry or concrete wall, floor or slab and the facing is applied over the bonding material and bonded to the existing base.

Abstract: A multilayer steel-reinforced concrete panel assembly comprises a steel-reinforced concrete outer plate, a steel-reinforced concrete inner plate and a layer of insulation sandwiched between these plates. The outer plate and the inner plate are interconnected by flat anchors traversing the intermediate insulation layer and the anchors are distributed along an imaginary circle whose diameter is greater than the length of the small side of the rectangular panels. At least three such flat anchors are provided, two of which are capable of absorbing all of the stresses while all of the flat anchors are disposed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plan axis of the panel. The flat anchors take up all of the stresses to which the panel may be subject and thus eliminate the need for an additional anchor at the centroid of the panel, i.e. the center of stress forces and the like.

Abstract: A refractory brick unit is disclosed which is resistant to heat induced expansion spalling by virtue of the provision of a metallic sleeve member around four sides of the brick body with the metallic envelope being constructed in a manner such that two adjacent side sections thereof are spaced from proximal side walls of the brick and supported in such disposition by elongated tabs integral with the sleeve member side sections and slidably received in complemental elongated depressions therefor in the opposed sidewall of the brick body. When the brick units are laid in side-by-side relationship with one side of a corresponding metallic side section abutting the side section of a proximal brick unit, the sleeve members as well as the brick units are able to undergo heat induced expansion without placing compression loads on the bricks which could cause spalling of the brick bodies.

Abstract: Presented is a concrete wall panel that provides both thermal insulation and sound absorption while possessing the necessary rigidity and strength to permit the panel to be manufactured at a site remote from the point of installation, transported to the point of installation and then hoisted into position by appropriate hoisting equipment.

Abstract: An improved material particularly suited for the thermal insulation of building structures such as residential housing and a process for making the same. The material comprises an inorganic, low-density foam with gypsum as the major constiuent.

Abstract: The invention is a building structure of material which uses a water-activated binder, such as cement-mortar or concrete, and of a form having one thickness dimension much smaller than the other two dimensions perpendicular thereto. The structure includes a substrate sheet extending along a surface substantially perpendicular to the thickness dimension and a layer of the water activated binder material having a multiplicity of short metal wire reinforcing elements distributed therein.

Abstract: A refractory and insulating module for use in lining a furnace or other high temperature enclosure comprises a block having a front wall and side walls the outer faces of which side walls are inclined inward from front to back of the block, the rear of the block being open to provide a cavity. The front face of the front wall of the block is of lower density than the rear face of the front wall. The block is produced from a ceramic fiber slurry using a suction technique in conjunction with a mould shell which forms every face of the block except the front (hot) face of the front wall, the shell being formed with multiple apertures. The rear cavity may accommodate layers of other insulating materials according to the temperatures to be withstood and the temperature gradient to be achieved. The block can be secured to a furnace casing by means of fastening elements which are pushed into the outer sides of the side walls of the block.

Abstract: A standard construction unit is provided by a monolithic precast reinforced concrete panel which has a generally rectangular peripheral configuration. A pair of flanges project from and extend longitudinally along the opposite sides of one face thereof to provide the unit with a shallow U-shaped cross-section. Connector elements are embedded within the other face of the panel adjacent its sides to permit connection of it to adjacent like panels. Door or window openings may be provided in the web portion.A building structure is supported on a footing and has walls, a roof and, optionally, a floor formed from the standard panels. The walls are formed by a plurality of the panels disposed vertically in side-by-side relationship and connected to each other by side fastener means bridging the panels and engaged with the connector elements and, at their lowermost ends, to the footing.

Abstract: A cement panel reinforced with fibers comprising a base plate composed predominantly of inorganic fibers and a cement, an inner waterproof layer of a synthetic resin formed on a surface of the base plate, a coloring material layer composed predominantly of a cement and a pigment and formed on the inner waterproof layer, and a surface waterproof layer of a synthetic resin formed on the coloring material layer. The synthetic resin of the inner waterproof layer, having penetrated into both the base plate and the coloring material layer and solidified, gives a fastener effect, bonding them together.

Abstract: An underwater panel comprises a three-dimensional structure for housing sound absorbing material therein, the structure being waterproof and extremely rigid in construction to prevent compression of the sound absorbing material in an environment of relatively high water pressure while at the same time being relatively highly sound transmissive so as to readily pass energy waves from the surrounding water into the sound absorbing material. The panel comprises an integrally woven and resin impregnated fabric which is relatively highly sound transmissive and which has a pair of waterproof opposite faces joined by a pair of intermediate ribs. A plurality of generally planar stiffening elements which are highly sound transmissive and which may be made from resin impregnated fabrics are inserted into the fabric so as to extend between the opposite faces and provide substantial resistance to compression of the panel due to the pressure of the surrounding water.

Abstract: The refractory checkers can be saved from damage or breakdown by introducing a layer of a material having suitable compressive deformability, between overlapping brick surfaces.

Abstract: A thermally insulated masonry block includes pairs of spaced opposed side walls and web walls defining a cavity. A rectangular thermally insulative plate is disposed in the cavity and extends from one web wall to the other. The plate and side walls are spaced apart to define air cells. At least two aligned stub walls project into the cavity from the side walls to reinforce the side walls. The stub walls are of substantially the same height as the side and web walls and are spaced apart by a distance approximating the thickness of the insulative plate.

Abstract: A composite building module and the process for making same. The module is provided with a rigid foam core encapsulated in a shell of reinforced cementitious material and at least one anchor device for attaching the module to external structure for lifting same. The anchor device has a base disposed on a given face of the core with the top of the base flush with the outer surface of the shell. Connected to the base are two positioning members that are inserted into the given face of the core and two load bearing members each extending along a face of the core contiguous with the given face.

Abstract: A solar heat collecting building block, having top, bottom, front, back and side surfaces, the block having at least one vertical passage extending therethrough from the bottom surface to the top surface, the top surface having an upper portion which protrudes above the plane of the top surface, the bottom surface having a recessed portion for mating receipt of the upper portion of another block, the front surface of the block having at least one transparent member embedded therein to allow solar rays to pass therethrough and strike the interior portions of said block and heat the same.

Abstract: A casing brick comprising a hollow insulating insert, and a two-part concrete shell which substantially encloses the insert, two projections extending from the insert and positioned between the two parts of the shell and interlocking projections and grooves for connecting the shell and the insert together.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a large architectural precast concrete panel for use in outside walls and applicable to the curtain wall technique of architecture, wherein a resinous substance and an inorganic material are placed in a mold, then a hydraulic cement composition is placed on the layer of above mixture. The polymerization of the resinous substance and the hydration of the cement composition are carried out in the mold simultaneously. A particularly preferred process employs the following critical conditions:1. The viscous methyl methacrylate syrup is one obtained by mixing about 100 parts by weight of viscous methyl methacrylate syrup with from about 0.5 to about 15 parts by weight of a radical polymerizable cross-linking monomer having .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated groups to obtain a resin solution;2. The particle size of the aggregates is between 0.6 and 15mm diameter;3.

Abstract: Panel constructions comprising wall or ceiling panels of, for example, fire resistive material such as gypsum board wherein at least one of the lateral edges of one panel has secured thereto a female mounting member and at least one opposed lateral edge of a second panel has secured thereto a male mounting member. The female mounting member has opposed flanges which receive therebetween opposed surfaces adjacent the lateral edge of the panel and is provided with a central elongate channel for making engagement with a like panel to which has been secured the male mounting member. The male mounting member also comprises a channel-like member secured along the edge wherein opposed flanges receive an intermediate portion of the panel and wherein a protuberance or projecting tongue is received in nesting relationship in the channel of the female member. A covering of vinyl or other decorative material, textured paint or other finish is applied to one surface of each of the panels.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to load-bearing reinforced concrete members, such as beams, slabs, shells, panels, walls, or like members provided with a moisture and damp proof insertion embedded in the concrete substantially within the entire expanse of the member.

Abstract: A building panel constituting a prefabricated module for attachment to adjacent studs of a building wall. When used in substitution for conventional stucco construction, the metal frame of the panel is filled with cement stucco. Tabs on the sides of each panel include inwardly projecting legs nailable to the sides of the adjacent studs for concealed attachment. The legs are all laterally offset from the panel sides in the same direction, for nailing from the same direction, and they are also longitudinally or vertically offset so that like panels can be successively butted together at their side edges without interference between the legs of the respective tabs. The panel can also be provided with connection brackets for attachment to the top or bottom plates of a building wall. In normal use the panels are vertically oriented, but they are adapted for transverse mounting to the building wall studs and headers in certain situations.

Abstract: Decorative precast concrete boards having a pore-free decorative porcelain-tile-like, hewn-stone-like or relief surface and a porous core layer are provided. Such precast concrete boards are produced by applying inorganic cement mortar containing siliceous volcanic sand called "shirasu" in a flat mold made of an elastomeric material so as to form the pore-free surface and pouring thereon an inorganic concrete mortar containing expanded particles of said siliceous sand as the aggregate. The concrete boards do not suffer efflorescence.

Abstract: Masonry blocks are provided with a cured resinous coating of an ethylenically-unsaturated polyester. The polyhydric alcohol in the ester is primarily neopentyl glycol to provide water resistance. The acid in the ester is isophthalic acid with 10 to 33% maleic anhydride, based on the total weight of the polyester. If the upper limit on the maleic anhydride is exceeded, stain resistance is lost. Triethyl phosphate is preferably incorporated to provide fire resistance while eliminating flame and smoke problems when employing methyl methacrylate as a polymerizable solvent. The sand-polyester compositions of the invention can also be formed as cast articles without a masonry unit backing.

Abstract: A tile for lining an ingot mould or a hot-top box for the ingot mould has a back face for abutting the mould or box wall and four regions defined by the profiling of the front face. The lower region and a higher region are shaped so as to enable the molten metal within the mould or box to solidify with a "bottle-top" structure. An upper region above the higher region is shaped to maintain any anti-piping compound completely covering the molten metal as it solidifies. There is a top region above the upper region and the top region is of constant cross-section. The lower, higher and upper regions are shaped so that in the lined mould, or box a cavity is formed which decreases in cross-section from the top of the mould or box to a minimum cross-section,the cavity gradually widening in cross-section below this point. The tile may be made in two portions to assist transportation, the tile being assembled in situ.

Abstract: A construction panel for incorporating into a building or house structure; the construction panel being comprised of a frame consisting of spaced apart vertical studs and transverse top and bottom plates wider than said studs, an insulation board secured to one face of the frame and within a cavity formed by said plates and studs and an, in situ laid concrete-like composition layer comprising expanded mica, expanded polystyrene, and mortar cement applied to the exposed, outwardly facing side of said insulation board, the concrete-like composition layer having a filament mesh reinforcement imbedded therein, the construction panel being manufactured in a plant and transported to a construction site where it is simply installed. Also a novel concrete-like composition useful in producing formed objects, including construction panels.

Abstract: This invention relates to boardlike, load bearing, construction units formed from a tensile portion substantially uniformly distributed over the entire area thereof and which also has fastener holding properties and a cementitious material of good compressional strength forming substantially the remaining portion of the unit with novel means for effecting a bond between the tensile and compressional portions along with means for manufacturing the units and their use in various systems of construction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a precast monument base which is made from precast concrete, and is capable of being installed during any kind of weather conditions. The idea basically involves the utilization of a resilient layer between the base and the base cap to allow proper leveling, and to prevent the entrance of moisture to create problems under freezing conditions. The base extends below the frost line, and hence is not effected by freezing of the ground or excessive amounts of water or moisture.

Abstract: A composite building module such as a wall panel having a core of rigid foam such as urethane foam encased in a shell made of fiber (e.g. glass fiber) reinforced cement. The shell has a bottom half and a top half. The bottom half has a peripheral ledge and a rib extending above the level of the ledge. The top half has side walls forming a channel with the rib when the top half is in place on the bottom half. The core is foamed in the enclosed shell and fills the interior thereof including the channel.

Abstract: An insulation strip made of closed cell plastic foam is formed in the center of a building block transverse to the webs thereof and parallel to the side walls. The insulation strip extends beyond the edge of the sidewalls by 1/4 inch on all four side edges of the block so as to provide a 1/2 inch space for mortar joints between blocks when the blocks are stacked to form a wall. In one embodiment, the edges of the insulation strip are grooved in a cross-hatched pattern which tends to make the edges compressible, thereby permitting minor dimensional changes in the size of the mortar joint to keep the blocks aligned.

Abstract: A structural unit body comprises an outer flange extending outwardly from the edge of a box-like frame plate and an inner flange extending inwardly from the other edge. A stuffed box is secured by anchoring means to the inner flange such stuffed box being made of dampproof material covered with a metal net and stuffed with noncombustible materials of mineral or inorganic fibers. Cement mortar is applied to the frame plate, inner flange and to the metal net of the stuffed box and a circumferential groove is formed between the outer flange and the underside of the cement mortar.

Abstract: A veneer product of a supporting stratum and a veneer of naturally-occurring, slabable stone material is provided where the thickness of the veneer of the stone material is such that it would not otherwise be generally capable of being manoeuvred or handled without breaking. Such stone material as marble, granite, and other architecturally useful and decorative materials are particularly contemplated. The supporting stratum may be such as plywood; but is more usually a cellular honeycomb material adhesively bonded to one surface of the thin stone material slab.