Abstract: A support stand for a lifting anchor to be incorporated into a concrete component during casting thereof is formed from two identical components of bent wire assembled together to form an upper support frame and legs projecting downwardly from the frame. The two components are connected by only two welds, each at one of two zones of intersection of the two components.

Abstract: A bolster for use in construction has a beam, a pair of spaced apart foot members, a first plurality of leg members on one side of the beam, and a second plurality of leg members on an opposite side of the beam. The first plurality of leg members are connected at one end to the beam and at the opposite end to one of the pair of spaced apart foot members. The second plurality of leg members are connected at one end to the beam and at the opposite end to the other of the pair of spaced apart foot members. The beam, pair of spaced apart foot members and first and second pluralities of leg members are integrally formed together of a polymeric material. Multiple lengths of bolster may be joined together in a snap-fit engagement.

Abstract: This invention is related to a device to separate or out a distance apart structural metallic elements for concrete, between them or in relation to a surface on which concrete is going to be poured, in order to obtain coatings or layers of concrete with specified widths. The chair proposed it is made preferably of propylene and it is made by two vertical walls opposite each other and joined by a third wall orthogonal to the first two (load axis); the vertical opposite walls show on its upper end a semi-circular cavity to support an structural metallic element to be supported, and in its lower part, each one of the walls is divided in three legs, being defined the two on the ends by the vertical edges and a cavity preferably in form of arch between them, and the third being a projection of the transversal wall. All the walls show hollow arches in their lower ends and in some embodiments, preferably for pieces with heights above 2.

Abstract: A chair has a receiving area and a plurality of legs extending downwardly from the receiving area. Each of the plurality of legs has a first portion extending at an angle outwardly from the receiving area and a second portion extending vertically from an end of the first position opposite the receiving area. The second portion extends vertically downwardly. A plurality of pin members are respectively formed at a bottom of the plurality legs. Each of the plurality of pin members extends downwardly from a bottom of second portion opposite the first portion so as to have a pointed end opposite the bottom of the second portion. The first portion has a length substantially longer than a length of the second portion.

Abstract: A wheel spacer is provided for spacing a reinforcing rod for a cementitious structure away from an object during fabrication of the structure. The spacer consists of two substantially semicircular sections configured for connection together with the rod abuttingly retained in saddles generally situated at the center of the sections when connected together in an assembled configuration for the spacer. Each section has, on an inner wall thereof in which the saddles are situated, primary inserting arms for insertion into apertures for locking engagement with teeth on the inserting arms with teeth on receiving arms of the other section. Retaining arms having guide walls further facilitate retention of the rod and guiding thereof towards the saddles while the spacer is placed in the assembled configuration.

Abstract: A rebar safety protective cover for use on the projecting free end of concrete reinforcing bar to prevent impact injuries comprising: (a) a hollow cylindrical body closed at one end and open at the other, (b) a flat overhanging impact head of substantial extent projecting laterally outwardly beyond said closed end of the body, said body and impact head being of a thickness and integrally formed of a plastic material to provide a protective cover which passes the Cal OSHA drop test when the rebar is positioned within said protective cover at an angle such that the free end of the rebar abuts the inside lateral extremity of said closed end.

Abstract: Poured concrete floors and ceilings in buildings contain electrical conduit, air conditioning conduit, plumbing and junction boxes, for example. These conduits must withstand the rigorous activity of a construction floor and the concrete poured on them during the construction phase. Rod support structures made out of steel rod stock are used to hold the conduit and junction boxes in place on a temporary plywood floor in between rebar. The support structures have feet. The poured concrete floor covers the conduit, junction boxes and support structures. The footprint of each of the support structures is designed to be as small as possible by having minimum contact with a temporary plywood floor. When the plywood floor is removed, the support structures are substantially buried in the concrete. The concrete floor is underneath the feet, providing minimum exposure of the feet to the surface of the concrete next to the plywood floor.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support has a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base and a having a channel formed in an upper surface thereof, a first clamping structure affixed to the support structure on one side of the channel and second clamping structure affixed to the support structure on an opposite side of the channel. Each of the first and second clamping structures includes a first C-shaped member and a second C-shaped member extending flexibly upwardly from the support structure and facing in opposite directions. A cap is slidably affixed over these C-shaped members and the channel.

Abstract: A positioner is provided for maintaining a reinforcing rod in a certain position within a void of a building unit. The positioner is sized and shaped to be attached to a reinforcing rod before the rod is inserted into the void of one or more concrete blocks or other building units. The positioner has a slot portion that fits onto the rod as well as two biased support portions that extend from the slot portion to engage the rod in a clip-like manner. The support portions are designed to engage the sidewalls of the void and may be compressible towards the rod while maintaining engagement with the rod to allow the rod and positioner to be inserted into voids that have narrower widths due to excess grout or other restrictions within the void.

Abstract: This invention is related to a device to separate or out a distance apart structural metallic elements for concrete, between them or in relation to a surface on which concrete is going to be poured, in order to obtain coatings or layers of concrete with specified widths. The chair proposed it is made preferably of propylene and it is made by two vertical walls opposite each other and joined by a third wall orthogonal to the first two (load axis); the vertical opposite walls show on its upper end a semi-circular cavity to support an structural metallic element to be supported, and in its lower part, each one of the walls is divided in three legs, being defined the two on the ends by the vertical edges and a cavity preferably in form of arch between them, and the third being a projection of the transversal wall. All the walls show hollow arches in their lower ends and in some embodiments, preferably for pieces with heights above 2.

Abstract: A rebar spacer having a clip for securely holding a rebar centered in the clip such that the rebar cannot be dislodged from the clip once the clip engages the rebar. The clip is held at a desired height by a base, which will not easily tip over do to a wide stance of the base of the rebar spacer. The rebar spacer will quickly and easily accept the rebar in the clip. The rebar spacers can have a large or small footprint at the surface of the concrete. The rebar spacer can be made of lightweight, durable plastic. The rebar spacer can be molded as one inexpensive piece. The rebar spacer can have a variety of heights and accept a variety of rebar sizes.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support has a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base with a channel formed at an upper surface thereof, a first clamping structure affixed to the support structure on one side of the channel, and a second clamping structure affixed to the support structure on an opposite side of the channel. A first rebar extends through the channel. A second rebar is retained by the first and second clamping structures in a direction transverse to the first rebar. Each of the first and second clamping structures has generally C-shaped configuration.

Abstract: A chair has a receiving area and a plurality of separate legs extending downwardly from the receiving area. Each of the separate legs has a first portion extending in an angle outwardly from the receiving area and a second portion extending from an end of the first portion opposite the receiving area. The second portion extends vertically downwardly or inwardly from the end of the first portion. The first portion has a length substantially greater than a length of the second portion.

Abstract: A chair for supporting wire mesh while pouring concrete slabs. The chair has a generally tapered, hollow body with a receiving area for fixedly retaining the wire mesh. The receiving area includes walls extending upwardly between notches, with the walls defining passageways for guiding the mesh into the notches. Detents project inwardly from the tops of the walls to fixedly retain the mesh within the passageways. The body has inner and outer surfaces that are substantially complementary to one another to allow a plurality of chairs to be stacked together. One or more foot members are preferably attached to the lower base portion to provide for secure support of the chair on a variety of surfaces.

Abstract: A protective cover for a reinforcing bar including a collar structure defining a perimeter portion and having an open end for receiving the end of a rebar. A cap portion is connected to the collar structure oriented substantially perpendicularly to the collar structure and including a support portion formed integrally with the collar structure. The cap portion further includes a barrier plate supported on the support portion and defining an exposed upper surface of the cover. In one embodiment, a reinforcing plate is disposed beneath the barrier cover and defines an lower surface lower surface within an area defined by the perimeter portion of the collar structure.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support including a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base, a first clamping member affixed to the support structure and extending upwardly above a top surface of the support structure, a second clamping member affixed to the support structure and extending upwardly above a top surface of the support structure, and a third clamping member affixed to the support structure and extending upwardly above the top surface of the support structure. The second clamping member has an interior surface generally facing the interior surfaces of the first and third clamping members. The first clamping member is separated by a space from the third clamping member. Ribs extend inwardly from the interior surfaces of each of the clamping members so as to compressively contact a reinforcing bar placed interior of the clamping members. The support structure has a generally H-shaped cross-section in a plane parallel to said base.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar support including a base, a support structure extending upwardly from the base, a first clamping member affixed to the support structure and extending upwardly above a top surface of the support structure, a second clamping member affixed to the support structure and extending upwardly above a top surface of the support structure, and a third clamping member affixed to the support structure and extending upwardly above the top surface of the support structure. The second clamping member has an interior surface generally facing the interior surfaces of the first and third clamping members. The first clamping member is separated by a space from the third clamping member. Ribs extend inwardly from the interior surfaces of each of the clamping members so as to compressively contact a reinforcing bar placed interior of the clamping members. The support structure has a generally H-shaped cross-section in a plane parallel to said base.

Abstract: A pair of curved arms attached to a body form an annular seat for holding a first diameter rebar, a slot through the outer diameter of the body forms a radially inward pathway to the seat for rebar, the apex of a convex bar attached to the body is yieldable radially outward to pressure of a second, larger diameter rebar in the seat and is not significantly moved by the first diameter rebar when the smaller diameter first diameter rebar is in the seat. The seat springally grips either diameter rebar.

Abstract: A support device for a wire mesh. The wire mesh is held in place by the supporting device which includes legs and cup shaped members. The legs will stand on a support surface and the cup shaped members will engage the bars of the wire mesh to hold the wire mesh off the surface such that when concrete is poured into a form, the wire mesh will be properly located in the finished product.

Abstract: A shoe for use with a fitting such as a lifting anchor or ferrule adapted to be cast into a reinforced concrete component, the shoe serving, in use, to locate tie-in bars relative to the fitting. The shoe comprises a body portion slidably received on a shank of the fitting, and clips for engaging with a snap-in action tie-in bars extending at opposite sides of the shank. The shoe can be retro-fitted to a pre-existing anchor assembly comprising an anchor, support, and void former.

Abstract: A support device for use in tilt-wall construction including a support body having at least two support legs and a bottom extending between the support legs, and a base formed of a polymeric material. The base is affixed to the bottom of the support body. The base has a plurality of legs extending outwardly therefrom. The support body is of a generally U-shaped or L-shaped cross-section. The support body is formed of a single piece of a metal material. The support legs each have a slot formed adjacent an edge opposite the bottom. These slots open on opposite sides of the support legs.

Abstract: The current invention is directed to a holder (32) for adjustable positioning of reinforcing rods (49). The holder has a horizontal support structure and a means for holding a reinforcing rod (49). The holder is comprised of a first leg member (33), a second leg member (34), a spring (35) and a retaining member (41). The leg members are elongated for spanning one of the cells of a hollow block (20). The first and second leg members are configured and arranged to create a gap (37) therebetween for receiving the reinforcing rod. The spring is adapted to bias the leg members against the reinforcing rod to vertically suspend and selectively permit adjustment of the vertical position of the reinforcing rod during the construction of a hollow block wall (47). In the preferred embodiment, the leg members and the spring are integrally formed from a continuous wire member having a U-shaped profile.

Abstract: A vertical-rebar-support system has a ring base (1) oriented horizontally intermediate side walls (2) of a concrete-foundational excavation (3). A vertical-rebar receptacle (4, 9, 10, 18) is off-centered on the ring base and a rebar-L-base receptacle (7, 8) for an L-bent rebar (5) is disposed oppositely on the ring base to retain a vertical rebar rigidly upright. Optionally, a vertical rebar (17) without an L-bend can be used for some construction and in non-hurricane areas. The ring base and vertical rebar can be positioned above or below horizontal rebar (13) proximate a bottom (15) of the concrete-foundational excavation. A use method is rotating the ring base with the vertical rebar attached to position the vertical rebar laterally between the side walls of the concrete-foundational excavation while moving the ring base intermediate terminal ends (19) of the concrete-foundational excavation in accordance with a guide line (20) and desired measurements.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved high chair which positions and supports reinforcement members at a desired distance from a surface. The high chair has a body with a lower base portion, an upper connecting portion and an upper support surface. One or more supporting feet are preferably attached to the lower base portion to provide for secure support of the chair on a variety of surfaces, including harder surfaces such as a concrete mold or softer surfaces such as graded soil. The upper support surface includes a support structure configured to hold the reinforcement bars in a stationary position. The upper support surface also includes a plurality of holes which allows a head piece to be mounted to the chair. The head piece allows the height of the chair to be readily adjusted.

Abstract: A safety system is provided for use with a concrete reinforcing bar or rebar. The system includes a cover having a cover base plate with a first, force-receiving surface and a second surface and a collar having a collar wall attached to the second surface of the cover base plate and having an inner surface defining a bore. A mechanism is attached to the collar wall for maintaining the system in an operative position relative to an end of a rebar. A plate is disposed in the bore spaced from the second surface of the cover to define an interior space and having an engagement surface abuttable against the rebar end. One of the plate and the collar is deformable to resist movement of the rebar end through the interior space and the cover.

Abstract: A protective cover for concrete reinforcement bars includes an elongated cylindrical collar for securing the protective cover to an exposed end of a concrete reinforcing bar, a cap which is perpendicularly attached to the collar by reinforcing ribs, and a metal seat arranged between the collar and the cap and having slots for permitting direct attachment of the reinforcing ribs from the collar to the cap.

Abstract: A protective cover covers an end of a concrete reinforcing bar so as to prevent injuries caused by coming into contact with the end of the concrete reinforcing bar. The protective cover includes an elongated cylindrical collar for securing the protective cover to the exposed end of the concrete reinforcing bar, a cap which is arranged perpendicularly to the elongated cylindrical collar, and a seat having retaining sides which retain the concrete reinforcing bar within the seat, the seat disposed between the elongated cylindrical collar and the cap. The seat can have any shape that includes retaining sides which retain an end portion of the reinforcing bar within the seat. Examples of such shapes include frustrum-like shapes, prism-like shapes, cylindrical-like shapes, and sheet-like shapes with retaining sides in the form of a washer or a ring.

Abstract: An apparatus for fixating and elevating an interconnected rebar lattice having individual longitudinal and transverse rebar intersections for use as support for poured concrete in highway and other construction. The apparatus including a holding portion having an open ended recess with two opposing walls being generally U-shaped. The recess has a longitudinal axis and is sized and shaped to receive a longitudinal rod. An arc-shaped portion extends laterally outward from each opposing wall and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the recess. The arc-shaped portion has a transverse axis and is sized and shaped to receive a longitudinal rod. The arc-shaped portion includes a recess and opposing walls with each wall including a snap-type lock. A locking member has a generally arc-shaped portion and includes a snap-type lock for attaching to the arc-shaped portions and engaging with the snap-type lock of the arc-shaped portions.

Abstract: A protective cover for the ends of reinforcing bars has a cylindrical tube having upper and lower ends. A cap is mounted on the upper end of the tube and is comprised of a continuous circular wall extending upwardly and outwardly from the upper end of the tube, with a bottom covering the top of the tube. A post extends upwardly from the center of the bottom, and a plurality of spaced rib elements are secured to and extend radially outwardly from the post for connection to the wall. A canopy is secured to the upper edge of the wall and extends slightly downwardly therefrom. The canopy has a circular perimeter which has a downwardly extending circular flange extending therearound. The ribs are tied together by secondary ribs. Friction bars are located within the tube to create friction between the tub and a bar upon which it is mounted.

Abstract: A concrete reinforcing bar connector is described in which first and second elongated resilient clip members are formed in a substantially semi-circular "C" shaped cross-sectional configuration. The first and second clip members include opposed open ends spaced apart along their respective center axes. Each of the first and second elongated resilient clip members includes a pair of longitudinal edges that are substantially parallel to their associated center axis and are spaced apart from one another to form a reinforcing bar receiving side opening. The longitudinal edges terminate in substantially radially inward projecting flanges. Inwardly projecting yieldable tabs are formed at each end of the first and second clip members. The tabs are angularly inclined toward the respective center axes of the clip members. The tabs are substantially diametrically opposed to the associated reinforcing bar receiving side openings.

Abstract: A new Height Adjustable Rebar Support System for supporting rebar at various elevations during pouring and curing of concrete with a single adjustable support member. The inventive device includes a first panel having a first lower slot, a second panel pivotally attached to the first panel having a second lower slot, an aperture and a notch into the first panel near the first lower slot, and a beaded cord secured to the second panel. The end of the beaded cord opposite of the second panel selectively engages the first panel through the aperture thereby adjusting the separation of the first panel with respect to the second panel opposite of the pivoting point. The beaded cord comprises a plurality of color coded beads for indicating the exact height selected with a selected color of bead juxtaposed to the first panel within the aperture.

Abstract: A chair having a receiving area with a horizontal section and a generally parabolic section extending transverse to the horizontal section, and a plurality of separate legs extending downwardly from the receiving area. Each of the legs has a foot extending horizontally outwardly therefrom. The receiving area and the plurality of legs are integrally formed together of a polymeric material. The horizontal section and the generally parabolic section have a cruciform configuration. Each of the legs has a rectangular cross-section in a horizontal plane. The horizontal section of the receiving area has a numerical indicia molded thereon which is indicative of a distance between a top of the horizontal section and a bottom of the foot. The foot of one of the plurality of separate legs has a top surface with a numerical indicia molded thereon. The numerical indicia on the horizontal section of the receiving area is oriented in a different direction than the numerical indicia on the foot.

Abstract: A protective cover for covering an end of a concrete reinforcing bar so as to prevent injuries caused by coming into contact with the end of the concrete reinforcing bar, the protective cover including an elongated cylindrical collar for securing the protective cover to an exposed end of a concrete reinforcing bar, a cap which is arranged perpendicularly to the elongated cylindrical collar, and a bowl-shaped seat which is disposed between the elongated cylindrical collar and the cap and which is positioned such that a convex side of the bowl-shaped seat is directed toward the cap.

Abstract: An apparatus or clip is disclosed, which can be used both to securely hold and support a heating cable or mat at a desired depth within a slab form, and to easily locate the cable or mats once embedded using a simple magnetic field. The clips of this invention are constructed from a material that has a suitable magnetic susceptibility for permitting detection by a weak magnetic field. Consequently, the clip can be located using a simple bar magnet or a common stud finder. The high magnetic permeability of the clip compared to the surrounding earth, asphalt or concrete allows the clip to be readily located by a stud finder. As a stud finder is passed over the clip, the magnetic needle is attracted to the clip apparatus by the emitted magnetic flux. The configuration of the clip includes two upright legs and two horizontal feet. The legs are bent to support and space the mat or cable above the feet.

Abstract: A bolster for use in construction including a plurality of leg members arranged in parallel relationship and a beam integrally formed with the plurality of leg members and extending across the plurality of leg members. Each of the plurality of leg members has a foot for contacting an underlying surface. Each of the leg members includes a central body portion, a first leg extending downwardly from one side of the central body portion and a second leg extending downwardly from an opposite side of the central body portion. The foot is formed at an end of each of the first and second legs opposite the central body portion. The foot includes a plurality of pin-like projections extending outwardly from a bottom surface thereof. The beam has a waveform pattern formed across a top surface of the beam and a rectangular cross-section in a plane parallel to the plurality of leg members.

Abstract: A chair for supporting, positioning and retaining a concrete reinforcing bar in place at predetermined height in the pouring and construction of concrete slabs or beams at a jobsite wherein the concrete reinforcing bar remains as an integral, strengthening element of the construction. The chair includes a cap with a recessed or slotted upper face for retaining and supporting the concrete reinforcing bar, and a base; the cap (which supports the concrete reinforcing bar) being supported above the base via a stem. Caps and bases of standard size can be supplied to a jobsite, and chairs of varying height readily constructed therefrom at the jobsite by cutting stems of desired length from a concrete reinforcing rod, based on the requirements of slab thickness, or beam depth.

Abstract: A concrete cover for a subterranean construction includes a cast-in plastic handle which holds a piece of rebar in the cover and removably holds a piece of rebar externally of the cover.

Abstract: A protective cover for concrete reinforcement bars includes an elongated cylindrical collar for securing the protective cover to an exposed end of a concrete reinforcing bar, a cap which is perpendicularly attached to the collar by reinforcing ribs, and a metal seat arranged between the collar and the cap and having slots for permitting direct attachment of the reinforcing ribs from the collar to the cap.

Abstract: A chair for use in construction including a receiving area and a plurality of legs extending downwardly from the receiving area. Each of the plurality of legs has a foot extending horizontally outwardly therefrom. The foot of one of the legs is separate from the foot of an adjacent leg. The receiving area and the plurality of legs are integrally formed together of a polymeric material. The receiving area has a generally parabolic indentation. A first pair of the plurality of legs extends in a plane transverse to a second pair of the legs. Each of the feet has a planar bottom surface with a projection extending downwardly therefrom. A projection is integrally formed with the feet.

Abstract: A protective cover for concrete reinforcement bars includes an elongated cylindrical collar for securing the protective cover to an exposed end of a concrete reinforcing bar, a cap which is perpendicularly attached to the collar by reinforcing ribs, and a metal seat arranged between the collar and the cap and having slots for permitting direct attachment of the reinforcing ribs from the collar to the cap.

Abstract: A single unit, stiff and strong plastic molded wheel spacer for a reinforcement rod used in concrete is split into two sections connected by an integral hinge at one end and fastened together by a ratchet assembly at the other end. The rod is gripped at the center of the wheel by a pair of saddles, one on each section. A finger attached to one of the sections between the saddle and hinge prevents the rod from moving past the saddle to the hinge.

Abstract: A concrete floor system includes undulating sheet metal formwork for forming concrete slabs with one or more concrete ribs. The system also provides a unique type of bar chair which allows reinforcement in the form of steel rods, for example, to be dropped in place, thereby minimizing the labor required in installing the formwork.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting concrete reinforcement bar within a form. The apparatus comprises a plurality of legs so formed that, when the apparatus is placed in any random orientation on a surface of the form, the ends of at least three legs contact the surface of the form and at least two legs extend upwardly to receive the reinforcement bar. Preferably, any given leg is adjacent to four legs and is non-adjacent to one leg, where the angle between the given leg and any adjacent leg is 90.degree. and the angle between the given leg and any non-adjacent leg is 180.degree..

Abstract: A unique suspension device adapted to all styles and sizes of welded wire mesh concrete reinforcement fabric. The device rigidly suspends all schedules of reinforcing fabric in a predetermined, fixed parallel position with respect to the horizontal plane to which concrete is poured to form flat concrete slabs. The suspension device consists of a thin-walled bushing or ring composed of polyvinylchloride incorporating slots or cavities radially positioned at right angles to each other on its circumferal cross-section to accept, secure, and lock the reinforcing material into place to provide the desired level of suspension. The device maintains stacking characteristics in order to allow multiple parallel reinforcing fabric layering for industrial, high-stressed applications.

Abstract: The block has a cambered front radiused to tapering side walls. The side walls have, in the portion radiused to the front, mutually opposite insertion-coupling members and seats for accommodating the insertion-coupling members of an adjacent block. The block furthermore has, at an upper part thereof, an abutment for engagement with a supporting element defined on a lower part at the front of an adjacent block.

Abstract: A spacer assembly including a spacer with a body having a base portion with a generally centrally disposed support post portion, one end which is formed as a planar surface with a centrally located generally concave saddle portion configured for receiving a reinforcing bar, the planar surface being provided with apertures therethrough on both sides of the saddle. A clamp member is provided for simultaneously securing mutually perpendicular rebars to the chair, the clamp member including a generally U-shaped lower portion, with the depending arms thereof in spaced generally parallel relation for engaging a first bar within the saddle. A pair of generally identical hook arms extending upwardly from the bight portion, the hook arms being oriented for engaging a second rebar in an orientation perpendicular to a first rebar engaged within the saddle portion.

Abstract: A beam chair for supporting, positioning and retaining a reinforcement bar is a concrete structural member and, in particular, in a concrete structural member such as a beam or slab. The beam chair is defined by a horizontal support surface which, together with first and second vertical support members, define an open cavity for receiving a longitudinally oriented reinforcing bar and wherein the bar is adapted to be supported by the horizontal support surface. The second vertical support member is provided with an upper side extension having a remote edge. The first and second vertical support members are provided, respectively, with first and second depending members which terminate in lower edges. A lower side extension projects from the second depending member parallel to the upper side extension.

Abstract: An improved system is provided for elevating and supporting reinforcement rods above an earthen bed upon which concrete is poured. A flat, disk-shaped sand plate is disposed in contact with the earthen bed and has a plurality of channels adapted to receive pedestal feet extending upwardly from its top surface and radially from its center toward the periphery thereof. The height of the channel walls is greater above the periphery of the base than above the center of the base and the interior surfaces of the channel walls converge from the periphery toward the center and from the tops of the walls toward the top surface of the sand plate. A pedestal is disposed atop the sand plate with feet wedged into the pedestal foot channels. The configuration of the pedestal foot channels allows the sand plate to accommodate pedestals of a wide variety of sizes.

Abstract: The spacing retainer contains spacer elements comprising a multiple number of interconnected angle elements and locking elements. The locking elements are lockingly connected with a first structural steel fabric by means of locking parts at their free ends. A second structural steel fabric is held at a spacing from the first structural steel fabric by means of the series-arranged and side-by-side arranged spacer elements. The spacer elements comprise struts for their reinforcement.

Abstract: A chair support for a concrete reinforcing bar is formed from smaller and larger molded plastic elements each in the form of a letter A with diverging legs, and upper cross member, and a lower cross member. The smaller element fits through the opening of the larger element and locks in place perpendicularly to the larger element by interengaging notches in the respective cross members.