Abstract: An organic-inorganic composite anion exchange membrane for non-aqueous redox flow batteries, which contains a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer, and a method for preparing the same are disclosed.

Abstract: Proton-conducting gel electrolytes with acid immobilized within a covalently cross-linked polymer network and composites containing the gel electrolytes provide low ionic resistance, minimize acid stratification, and prevent dendrite growth. The gel electrolytes can be formed from monomers dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequently covalently cross-linked between the battery electrodes, or the covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes can be formed in water and subsequently exchanged into sulfuric acid. The mechanical properties of these gels can often be enhanced with the addition of silica powder, silica fiber, or other additives. In some cases, the covalently cross-linked gel electrolytes are formed in the presence of a conventional silica-filled polyethylene separator or within a low density fiber mat to provide mechanical reinforcement and controlled spacing between the battery electrodes.

Abstract: Methods to produce thermoforms from P4HB homopolymer and blends thereof have been developed. These thermoforms are produced from films and sheets including P4HB, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the P4HB is less than 3.5 dl/g, but greater than 0.35 dl/g, and the thermoforms are produced at a temperature equal to or greater than the softening point of P4HB, and more preferably at a temperature higher than the melting point of P4HB. A preferred embodiment includes a P4HB thermoform wherein a film or sheet including a P4HB polymer is thermoformed at a temperature between its melting point and 150° C. In a particularly preferred embodiment the thermoform is a laminate made from a P4HB film and a P4HB mesh.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to lithium ion transport media for use in separators in lithium ion batteries, and the membranes, separators, and devices derived therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functionalized polymers including a poly(phenylene) structure. The structure can include any useful modifications, such as the inclusion of one or more reactive handles having an aryl group. Methods and uses of such structures and polymers are also described herein.

Abstract: The present specification provides a polymer electrolyte membrane, a membrane electrode assembly including the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: Described herein are stable hydroxide ion-exchange polymers. The polymers include ionenes, which are polymers that contain ionic amines in the backbone. The polymers are alcohol-soluble and water-insoluble. The polymers have a water uptake and an ionic conductivity that are correlated to a degree of N-substitution. Methods of forming the polymers and membranes including the polymers are also provided. The polymers are suitable, for example, for use as ionomers in catalyst layers for fuel cells and electrolyzers.

Abstract: Disclosed are composite materials and methods of making them. The composite materials comprise a support member and a cross-linked gel, wherein the cross-linked gel is a polymer synthesized by thiol-ene or thiol-yne polymerization and cross-linking. The cross-linked gel may be functionalized by a thiol-ene or thiol-yne grafting reaction, either simultaneously with the polymerization or as the second step in a two-step procedure. The composite materials are useful as chromatographic separation media.

Abstract: A resin composition for forming a phase-separated structure, including: a block copolymer, and an ion liquid containing a compound (IL) having a cation moiety and an anion moiety, the energy of the LUMO of the cation moiety being ?4.5 eV or more, and the energy difference between the LUMO and the HOMO of the cation moiety being 10.0 ev or more, or the Log P value of the anion moiety being 1 to 3.

Abstract: One embodiment includes a method comprising the steps of providing a first dry catalyst coated gas diffusion media layer, depositing a wet first proton exchange membrane layer over the first catalyst coated gas diffusion media layer to form a first proton exchange membrane layer; providing a second dry catalyst coated gas diffusion media layer; contacting the second dry catalyst coated gas diffusion media layer with the first proton exchange membrane layer; and hot pressing together the first and second dry catalyst coated gas diffusion media layers with the wet proton exchange membrane layer therebetween.

Abstract: A crosslinked copolymer is provided, which includes a copolymer crosslinked by a crosslinking agent. The copolymer is copolymerized of (a) styrene-based monomer, (b) monomer having conjugated double bonds or acrylate ester monomer, and (c) ammonium-containing heterocyclic monomer. The crosslinking agent is (d) or the product of the reaction between and (e) or a combination thereof. Z is wherein each R1 is independently H or C1-4 alkyl group, each R2 is independently H or C1-4 alkyl group, R3 is single bond, —O—, —S—, —CH2—, or —NH—. n is a positive integer. x is 1 to 12, y is 1 to 5, and z is 1 to 5.

Abstract: A membrane obtainable by A) mixing: (vii) aromatic tetraamino compounds and (viii) aromatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof which contain at least two acid groups per carboxylic acid monomer, or (ix) aromatic and/or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acids, in polyphosphoric acid to form a solution and/or dispersion B) heating the mixture from step A), and polymerizing until an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.8 dl/g, is obtained for the polymer being formed, C) adding polyazole polymers, D) heating the mixture from step C), E) applying a membrane layer using the mixture according to step D) on a carrier or an electrode, F) treating the membrane formed in the presence of water and/or moisture, G) removing the membrane from the carrier; wherein the content of all polyazole polymers in the membrane is between 5% to 25% by weight and wherein the membrane has a Young Modulus is at least 2.0 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions useful for use in separators for use in lithium ion batteries, and membranes, separators, and devices derived therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of novel anion exchange membranes from bicomponent or tricomponent copolymers containing both quaternizable and cross-linkable moieties. The bicomponent copolymers consisted with polyacrylonitrile and poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate and the tricomponent copolymers consisted with polyacryloniterle and poly2-dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate and polyn-butyl acrylate. Quaternization of dimethyl amino groups of copolymer by methyl iodide followed by cross-linking of acrylonitrile groups of copolymer by hydrazine hydrate resulted anion exchange membrane with desired properties such as high ion exchange capacity (1.30-1.50 meqg?1), high transport number (0.92-0.93) for direct use in electrodyalysis unit. The tricomponent anion exchange membrane containing 32 wt % PDMA, 17 wt % PnBA, and 51 wt % PAN exhibited improved performance mainly in terms of low power consumption and high current efficiency during desalination of water.

Abstract: Methods for forming a graft copolymer of a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer and at least one type of electrically conductive polymer, wherein the electrically conductive polymer is grafted on the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer are provided. The methods comprise a) irradiating a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer with a stream of electrically charged particles; b) forming a solution comprising the irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer, an electrically conductive monomer and an acid in a suitable solvent; and c) adding an oxidant to the solution to form the graft copolymer. Graft copolymers of a poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer and at least one type of electrically conductive polymer, wherein the electrically conductive polymer is grafted on the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based polymer, nanocomposite materials comprising the graft copolymer, and multilayer capacitors comprising the nanocomposite material are also provided.

Abstract: A method of making a multi-acid polymer comprising: reacting a polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form with anhydrous ammonia to obtain a sulfonamide, wherein the polymer precursor in sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride form has a formula R—SO2F or R—SO2Cl, respectively, with R being one of more units of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride, and wherein the sulfonamide has a formula R—SO2—NH2; and reacting the sulfonamide with a compound of a formula COOH—X-AGG under a mild base condition, wherein X is one of C6H3 or N(CH2)3 and AGG is an acid giving group, to form the multi-acid polymer having an imide base and more than two proton conducting groups.

Abstract: Methods to produce thermoforms from P4HB homopolymer and blends thereof have been developed. These thermoforms are produced from films and sheets including P4HB, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the P4HB is less than 3.5 dl/g, but greater than 0.35 dl/g, and the thermoforms are produced at a temperature equal to or greater than the softening point of P4HB, and more preferably at a temperature higher than the melting point of P4HB. A preferred embodiment includes a P4HB thermoform wherein a film or sheet including a P4HB polymer is thermoformed at a temperature between its melting point and 150° C. In a particularly preferred embodiment the thermoform is a laminate made from a P4HB film and a P4HB mesh.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a polymer formed by reacting a first reactant polymer, or a mixture of first reactant polymers comprising different chemical structures, comprising a substituent comprising two or more nitrogen atoms (or a functional group/sidechain comprising a two or more nitrogen atoms) with a second reactant polymer, or a mixture of second reactant polymers comprising different chemical structures, comprising a halogen substituent (or a functional group/sidechain comprising a halogen).

Abstract: The present invention relates to membrane electrode assemblies comprising two electrochemically active electrodes separated by a polymer electrolyte membrane, there being a polyimide layer on each of the two surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane that are in contact with the electrodes. The present membrane electrode assemblies may be used in particular for producing fuel cells which have a particularly high long-term stability.

Abstract: A method for forming a modified solid polymer includes a step of contacting a solid fluorinated polymer with a sodium sodium-naphthalenide solution to form a treated fluorinated solid polymer. The treated fluorinated solid polymer is contacted with carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or sulfur trioxide to form a solid grafted fluorinated polymer. Characteristically, the grafted fluorinated polymer includes appended CO2H or SO2H or SO3H groups. The solid grafted fluorinated polymer is advantageously incorporated into a fuel cell as part of the ion-conducting membrane or a water transport membrane in a humidifier.

Abstract: The present invention describes the process of preparation of inter-polymer film of p-methylstyrene-co-divinylbenzene and its conversion into anion exchange membrane through a greener route which dispenses with the use of chloromethyl ether. The membrane with polyethylene binder is shown to have equivalent or even superior performance to anion exchange membrane prepared from styrene-co-divinylbenzene/polyethylene through chloromethyl ether route.

Abstract: Continuous processing methods are used for making absorbable polymeric non-wovens, with anisotropic properties, improved mechanical properties and without substantial loss of polymer molecular weight during processing. The method includes producing dry spun-non wovens from a polymer, and collecting the fibers using a rotating collector plate, preferably a rotating cylinder, to collect the non-woven instead of a fiberglass stationary collector plate. The non-wovens can be used for a variety of purposes including fabrication of medical devices.

Abstract: Water soluble catalysts, (M)meso-tetra(N-Methyl-4-Pyridyl)Porphinepentachloride (M=Fe, Co, Mn & Cu), have been incorporated into the polymer binder of oxygen reduction cathodes in membrane electrode assemblies used in PEM fuel cells and found to support encouragingly high current densities. The voltages achieved are low compared to commercial platinum catalysts but entirely consistent with the behavior observed in electroanalytical measurements of the homogeneous catalysts. A model of the dynamics of the electrode action has been developed and validated and this allows the MEA electrodes to be optimized for any chemistry that has been demonstrated in solution. It has been shown that improvements to the performance will come from modifications to the structure of the catalyst combined with optimization of the electrode structure and a well-founded pathway to practical non-platinum group metal catalysts exists.

Abstract: A functional polymer membrane, prepared by curing a composition comprising a polymerizable compound (A) represented by Formula (1) and a monofunctional polymerizable compound (B): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Q represents a polyol residue formed by removing m2 hydrogen atoms from hydroxyl groups of a trivalent to hexavalent polyol; L represents a divalent linking group; m1 represents 0 or 1; m2 represents an integer of from 3 to 6, and wherein the monofunctional polymerizable compound (B) is a (meth)acrylate compound, a (meth)acrylamide compound, a vinyl ether compound, an aromatic vinyl compound, an N-vinyl compound, or an allyl compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluorinated ionomer [polymer (I)] comprising recurring units derived from at least the following monomers: (i) 5 to 50% by weight of a fluorinated monomer [monomer (A)] containing at least one —SO2X functionality, preferably having the formula of CF2?CF—O—(CF2CF(CF3)O)m—(CF2)mSO2X (I) wherein m is 0 or 1, n is an integer between 0-10, and X is selected from F, OH, and O?Me+, wherein Me+ indicates an alkali metal ion or an ammonium cation of formula NR4? where each R independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic radical selected from aliphatic radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and arylic or alicyclic radicals having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; (ii) a non-functional fluorinated monomer [monomer (B)] having at least one ethylene unsaturation; and (iii) a fluorinated polyfunctional compound having the general formula: (CR1R2?CFCF2—O)a—Rf—((O)c—CF?CR3R4)b (II) wherein: a is an integer equal to or larger than 1, preferably a is 1, 2, or 3; b is 0 or 1 and the

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluoropolymer electrolyte material which has improved processability and which is easily produced. The electrolyte emulsion of the present invention comprises an aqueous medium and a fluoropolymer electrolyte dispersed in the aqueous medium. The fluoropolymer electrolyte has a monomer unit having an SO3Z group (Z is an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, hydrogen, or NR1R2R3R4, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 each are individually a C1-C3 alkyl group or hydrogen). The fluoropolymer electrolyte has an equivalent weight (EW) of 250 or more and 700 or less and a proton conductivity at 110° C. and relative humidity 50% RH of 0.10 S/cm or higher. The fluoropolymer electrolyte is a spherical particulate substance having an average particle size of 10 to 500 nm. The fluoropolymer electrolyte has a ratio (the number of SO2F groups)/(the number of SO3Z groups) of 0 to 0.01.

Abstract: Ionomers and ionomer membranes, consisting of a non-fluorinated or partly fluorinated non-, partly or fully-aromatic main chain and a non- or partly-fluorinated side chain with ionic groups or their non-ionic precursors, have a positive impact on the proton conductivity of the ionomers. Various processes produce these polymeric proton conductors. The membranes are useful for fuel cell applications.

Abstract: An anion conducting electrolyte membrane with high performance where the electric conductivity and the water uptake are balanced, and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The anion conducting electrolyte membrane comprises: a polymeric material which consists of fluorine polymer, olefinic polymer, or aromatic polymer; weak base quaternary salt obtained by the reaction of grafts introduced by graft polymerizing vinyl monomer which contains halogenated alkyl groups using radiation and strong organic bases.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane having alkylether graft chains for use in a fuel cell produced by a method of producing an electrolyte membrane for use in a fuel cell, including: performing radiation-induced graft polymerization of a vinyl monomer having nucleophilic functional groups, the vinyl monomer selected from an acylvinyl ether derivative, a styrene derivative, and a methacrylic acid derivative, with a polymer substrate comprising a polymer selected from a fluorine-containing polymer, an olefinic polymer, and an aromatic polymer; deprotecting the nucleophilic functional group, which is protected by an ester bond, of a graft chain on the polymer substrate introduced by the radiation-induced graft polymerization; and introducing an alkylethersulfonic acid structure into the deprotected nucleophilic functional group of the graft chain, by use of an electrophilic reagent selected from cyclic sulfonic acid ester and alkylhalide-sulfonate.

Abstract: There is provided an anion exchange membrane comprising, as a main element, a block copolymer having a vinyl alcohol polymer block and a cationic-group containing polymer block as components and which is subjected to a crosslinking treatment. An anion exchange membrane is produced by heating a film obtained from a solution of the block copolymer at a temperature of 100° C. or more, crosslinking the film with a dialdehyde compound in water, an alcohol or a mixture of these under an acidic condition and then washing the film with water. Thus, there can be provided an anion exchange membrane in which organic fouling can be prevented and which exhibiting excellent basic properties such as a membrane resistance and an ionic transport number and excellent membrane strength.

Abstract: A membrane obtainable from curing a composition comprising (i) a curable compound comprising at least two acrylic groups and a quaternary ammonium group; (ii) solvent; and optionally (iii) a curable compound having one ethylenically unsaturated group.

Abstract: An anion transport membrane is provided enabling efficient anion exchange across the membrane, which could be used in applications like fuel cells, water electrolyzers, or water filtration systems. The structural membrane morphology is based on a hydrophobic polysulfone membrane backbone and co-grafted thereon hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) grafts and anion conducting quaternary ammonium species. This structure defines a bi-continuous morphology with locally phase-separated hydrophobic-hydrophilic domains, and a co-localization of the anion conducting quaternary ammonium species with respect to the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) grafts enabling efficient and continuous ion transport channels for facilitating anion transport.

Abstract: An ink for inkjet recording includes water; a hydrosoluble solvent, a pigment, and a copolymer including a salt of a diphosphonic acid group. The copolymer including a salt of a diphosphonic acid group includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, each of R1 and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M+ represents an alkali metal ion, an organic ammonium ion or a proton and Z1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. The alkali metal ion or the organic ammonium ion and the proton may be mixed, and half or more of the M+ are alkali metal ions or the organic ammonium ions.

Abstract: A modified maleimide oligomer is disclosed. The modified maleimide oligomer is made by performing a reaction of a compound having a barbituric acid structure, a free radical capture, and a compound having a maleimide structure. A composition for a battery is also disclosed. The composition includes the modified maleimide oligomer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of water treatment, and in particular to polymer inclusion membranes for use in industrial processes which generate aqueous solutions containing thiocyanate (SCN). The invention particularly relates to polymer inclusion membranes for use in processes for treating aqueous solutions containing SCN and more specifically polymer inclusion membranes comprising (i) about 10-20% wt/wt of a quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I) wherein R1 -R4 are independently alkyl chains and X? is an anion; (ii) about 5-30% wt/wt of a plasticizer/ modifier; and (iii) about 50% wt/wt of a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl chloride), cellulose triacetate, and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A binder composition has good tensile strength, and can improve the cycle life of a rechargeable battery by maintaining the conduction path of an electrode even during expansion or shrinkage of the active material. The binder composition is environmentally friendly, and can be used in existing production lines as-is. An electrode and a rechargeable battery use the binder composition. The binder composition for a rechargeable battery includes a main binder including a poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) having at least one of a sulfonic acid group (—SO3H) or a sulfonate group (—SO3?M+) in the polymer main chain.

Abstract: A self-humidifying fuel cell is made by preparing a porous substrate, coating the substrate with a zeolitic material and filling the pores with a proton-conducting material. The coating of the substrate includes selecting a zeolitic material, and applying coating on the pore walls and surface of the porous substrate, to form zeolitic material-coated pores. The resulting composite material is used as a self-humidifying proton-conducting membrane in a fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new design for high capacity stationary phases for dianion selective ion chromatography. The stationary phases include one or more layers which are products of condensation polymerization. Multiple components are of use in forming the first polymer layer and the condensation polymer structure, thereby providing a stationary phase that can be engineered to have a desired property such as ion capacity, ion selectivity, and the like. Exemplary condensation polymers are formed by the reaction of at least one polyfunctional compound with at least one compound of complimentary reactivity, e.g., a nucleophilic polyfunctional compound reacting with an electrophilic compound.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a crosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) cation exchange membrane including: preparing a crosslinker mixture of a first crosslinker containing two or more vinyl oxy groups and a second crosslinker containing three or more vinyl groups; preparing a mother liquor containing the crosslinker mixture, a SPEEK polymer substituted with sodium, and a solvent; and casting the mother liquor and then irradiating radiation thereon.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 12 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and a cationic group; (iii) 10 to 70 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; and (v) non-curable salt; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is >0.10. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 20 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and an anionic group; (iii) 15 to 45 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is 0.1 to 1.5. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

Abstract: Highly energy efficient electrodialysis membranes having low operating costs and a novel process for their manufacture are described herein. The membranes are useful in the desalination of water and purification of waste water. They are effective in desalination of seawater due to their low electrical resistance and high permselectivity. These membranes are made by a novel process which results in membranes significantly thinner than prior art commercial electrodialysis membranes. The membranes are produced by polymerizing one or more monofunctional ionogenic monomers with at least one multifunctional monomer in the pores of a porous substrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for production of solutions of aminophosphonic acids and polymeric sulphonic acids in aprotic solvents. Membranes for membrane methodologies are produced from said solutions. Said membranes can also be doped with phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a perfluorinated ion exchange resin, whose structural formula is shown in formula M. The present invention also provides preparation method of the perfluorinated ion exchange resin, comprising subjecting tetrafluoroethylene monomers and two kinds of sulfonyl fluoride-containing vinyl ether monomers in the presence of initiator to ternary copolymerization. The perfluorinated ion exchange resin provided in accordance with the present invention can fulfill the requirements of mechanical strength and ion exchange capacity at the same time and has good thermal stability.

Abstract: A method of forming a polymer is provided, the method comprising: Providing a first monomer comprising one or more aromatic moieties, the first monomer comprising at least two amino groups, each of the amino groups being attached to an aromatic moiety; and contacting said first monomer with formaldehyde or a source of methylene. Polymers made by such a method and uses of such polymers are also described.

Abstract: The method for producing an anion exchange membrane according to the present invention includes the steps of irradiating a substrate composed of a hydrocarbon polymer with radiation and heat-treating the irradiated substrate so as to form a crosslinked structure between chains of the hydrocarbon polymer contained in the substrate; further irradiating the substrate, in which the crosslinked structure has been formed, with radiation and graft-polymerizing, onto the irradiated substrate, a monomer containing a site into which a functional group having anion conducting ability can be introduced and an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond so as to form a graft chain composed of the polymerized monomer; and introducing the functional group having anion conducting ability into the site of the formed graft chain.

Abstract: Provided is a composite which is comprised of one or more ion exchange resin(s) and a porous fluorine containing polymer membrane (2), wherein the porous membrane and the resin form a carbon-chain crosslinked structure, so that the film prepared from the composite is of good airtightness and stability, as well as high ion exchange capacity and high conductivity. The preparation method of the composite, the product prepared from this composite and the application thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing a membrane comprising applying a curable composition to a porous support and curing the composition, wherein the composition comprises: a) a curable ionic compound; b) a first crosslinking agent; c) a second crosslinking agent; d) an inert solvent; and e) optionally a free radical initiator; wherein the second crosslinking agent has a melting point below 80° C. Also claimed are the compositions and membranes obtainable by using the process.

Abstract: A method for the production of a mechanically stabilized polyazole polymer membrane or film having the following steps: a) providing a membrane or film containing i.) a polyazole with at least one amino group in a repeating unit except the ones obtained by reacting aromatic and/or heteroaromatic diaminocarboxylic acids, ii.) at least one strong acid and iii.) at least one stabilizing reagent, the total content of stabilizing reagents in the membrane or film being within the range of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, b) performing the stabilization reaction in the membrane, immediately or in a subsequent processing step of the membrane, c) optionally doping the membrane obtained in accordance with step b) with a strong acid or concentrating the present strong acid by removal of present water, wherein the stabilizing reagent contains at least one oxazine-based compound and wherein the polyazole polymer has at least 1.8 dl/g intrinsic viscosity.

Abstract: Methods for producing or regenerating an iodinated anion exchange resin are presented. The methods include treating an iodide loaded anionic resin with an aqueous solution comprising an in situ formed I2 to produce the iodinated resin. The iodinated resins show reduced and stable levels of iodine elution compared to resins produced by conventional methods. Methods and systems for purifying water are also presented.