Abstract: A fluoroorganic polymeric material which comprises a polymeric chain and at least one group pendent from the polymeric chain, in which the group pendent from the polymeric chain comprises at least one ion-exchange group or group convertible thereto, wherein the EW distribution is greater than 1.05, and wherein the ion-exchange group or group convertible thereto is preferably linked to the polymeric chain through an acyclic secondary carbon atom, for use as an ion-exchange membrane in an electrochemical device.

Abstract: An antibacterial fiber includes an ion exchange fiber and an antibacterial metal ion entrapped within the ion exchange fiber through an ion exchange reaction. The invention also discloses antibacterial textiles and water-treating element using the fibers.

Abstract: A membrane and electrode structure is formed by surface hydrolyzing an ion exchange membrane and then applying electrode ink of catalytically active particles on the surface of the membrane. The membrane and electrode structure of the present invention is particularly useful in fuel cells and batteries. The inventive process prevents the membrane from swelling or distorting following application of the electrode ink and also improves adhesion between the electrode ink layer and the surface of the membrane.

Abstract: An ion exchange resin for extracting metal ions from a liquid waste stream. An ion exchange resin is prepared by copolymerizing a vinylidene diphosphonic acid with styrene, acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are partially fluorinated (co)polymers containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate salt groups, processes for making those polymers, and intermediates for those (co)polymers. The (co)polymers are useful as ion-exchange resins and (in the sulfonic acid form) acid catalysts.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface-modified polymeric adsorbent material comprising a porous post-crosslinked polymer as a substrate and at least one surface-modifying polymer. The porous post-crosslinked polymer comprises a polymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer, wherein the polymer has been post-crosslinked in a swollen state in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. A process for preparing the surface-modified polymeric adsorbent materials, and the use of these materials in the separation of organic compounds, enantioselective synthesis and resolution of racemic mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: An antibacterial fiber includes an ion exchange fiber and an antibacterial metal ion entrapped within the ion exchange fiber through an ion exchange reaction. The invention also discloses antibacterial textiles and water-treating element using the fibers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of manufacturing phosphoric acid-type chelate resins as uranyl ion adsorbents having enhanced chelation and re-utilizing ability by introducing plenty of phosphoric acid groups both on main- and side-chain of the copolymer skeleton. The resin is prepared by both the radical suspension copolymerization of vinyl monomers such as styrene, divinylbenzene, and bis-(2-chloroethyl) vinylphosphonate and the additional introduction of phosphono group onto the copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are partially fluorinated (co)polymers containing sulfonic acid or sulfonate salt groups, processes for making those polymers, and intermediates for those (co)polymers. The (co)polymers are useful as ion-exchange resins and (in the sulfonic acid form) acid catalysts.

Abstract: Polymeric adsorbent resins having both the high capacity associated with microporosity and the favorable kinetics associated with mesoporosity and macroporosity are useful for the chromatographic separation of organic compounds. These resins are prepared by alkylene bridging haloalkylated, porogen modified, cross-linked copolymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ion exchange membrane used for a proton exchange membrane type fuel cell comprising a repeating unit represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein x is 0, 1 or 2, y is 2 or 3, L and m are positive numbers and L/m is a positive number of 10 or less; and having an electrical conductivity of 0.11 to 0.30 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm.sup.-1 at 25.degree. C., a permeability coefficient to hydrogen gas of 9.0.times.10.sup.-9 to 24.0.times.10.sup.-9 cc cm/(cm.sup.2 sec cmHg) at 40.degree. C., a permeability coefficient to oxygen gas of 5.0.times.10.sup.-9 to 11.0.times.10.sup.-9 cc cm/(cm.sup.2 sec cmHg) at 40.degree. C. and a water content of more than 100 to 250% by weight.According to the present invention, the ion exchange membrane used for a proton exchange membrane type fuel cell having excellent performance as a diaphragm and an electrolyte can be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrophobic porous membrane with a polymer having fluorinated alkyl side chains held in physical contact with the surface of a polyolefin porous membrane in which the fluorinated alkyl side chains of the polymer are crystallized, as well as its manufacturing process. Also disclosed is a hydrophobic porous membrane with a fluorinated crosslinked polymer from a fluorinated monomer with a fluorinated alkyl side chain and a crosslinking monomer held in physical contact with the surface of a polyolefin porous membrane, in which the fluorinated alkyl side chains of the fluorinated crosslinked polymer are crystallized, as well as its manufacturing process. These porous membranes use polyolefin porous membranes having a higher mechanical strength and lower costs than the fluorinated polymer porous membranes and still provide superior hydrophobicity over polytetrafluoroethylene type membranes.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a polymer material with reactive sites which is insoluble particularly in aqueous media, characterised in that it consists of a chemically inert polymer which is insoluble particularly in aqueous media and sufficiently reticulated to be usable in a defined configuration such as a membrane or tube configuration, and onto this polymer is grafted a monomer having at least one carboxyl group and/or a polymer of this monomer, all or part of the carboxyl groups of this insoluble and grafted reticulated polymer being converted into condensed groups which are more reactive than the corresponding carboxyl groups. It also relates to a method of preparing this material and to applications thereof.

Abstract: A method of derivatizing a chromatography matrix having a hydrophobic surface involves reacting the hydrophobic surface with a halosulfonating agent to produce a significant amount of halosulfone groups covalently bonded onto the surface. Sulfonamide bonds then are formed between these halosulfone groups and a group of amine functions on a polyaminated polymer to produce a pellicular anion exchange layer covalently bonded to the surface. The resulting layer is stable in the absence of cross-links between the molecules of the polyaminated polymer.

Abstract: An ion exchange polymer comprised of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a poly(carboxylic acid) in a poly(vinyl acetal) matrix is described. The polymer is made by treating a mixture made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) with a suitable aldehyde and an acid catalyst to cause acetalization with some cross-linking. The material is then subjected to an alkaline aqueous solution of an alkali metal salt or an alkali earth metal salt. All of the film forming and cross-linking steps can be carried out simultaneously, if desired.

Abstract: A method for producing an acrylonitrile crosslinked copolymer, which comprises copolymerizing, as polymerizable monomers, acrylonitrile, an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, an aliphatic or alicyclic crosslinkable unsaturated monomer having at least two allyl groups, and an aromatic crosslinkable polyunsaturated monomer, in the presence of from 10 to 45% by weight, based on the total amount of the polymerizable monomers, of an inert organic solvent having a specific gravity of at least 1.0.

Abstract: The resin has a polymeric matrix and functional groups of formula I wherein the radicals have the meaning stated in claim 1. The resin is prepared by reacting a corresponding resin having functional groups of formula II with HC(O)R.sup.2 and (R.sup.3).sub.2 SO.sub.3 or (R.sup.3).sub.2 S.sub.2 O.sub.5. The resin is useful for reducing the concentration of alkaline earth or transition metal ions in a solution.

Abstract: Hydrophilicity of hydrophilic polymers, in the form of heat-crosslinked cings on porous membranes, is increased by exposure to an oxygen plasma, preferably for about 60 seconds. The plasma is generated at an oxygen gas pressure of about 1.5 Torrs in a chamber subjected to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation with a power of 25-100 watts. Such highly hydrophilic membranes have increased efficiency and durability when used as ultrafiltration membranes for separating hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, such as smoke-air and oil-water mixtures.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an ion-exchange composition has been formed which comprises synthetic resin support particles, dispersant capable of suspending the support particles in an aqueous medium to inhibit or prevent agglomeration, and fine synthetic resin layering particles. In a preferred embodiment, the complex can be formed by contacting a suitable dispersant with monomer in an aqueous solution in which the monomer is insoluble. Under suitable conditions for suspension polymerization, the monomer will polymerize to form resin support particles having dispersant irreversibly attached to those particles. The dispersant is irreversibly attached to the synthetic resin support particles, either by covalent bonding or permanent physical entanglement. The dispersant is also attached to the fine layering particles, either by covalent bonding or electrostatic forces. The result is formation of a support particle-dispersant-layering particle complex.

Abstract: Ion exchange fibers comprising a polymer component having a main chain of a syndiotactic poly(1,2-butadiene) structure and containing ion exchange functional groups introduced at least part of side chain ethylene groups. These fibers may be suitably formed into a non-woven fabrics, and thus an ion exchange cloth can be obtained, which has excellent ion exchange capacity, flexibility excellent processing capacity, high mechanical strength and elongation. The ion exchange fibers have excellent ion exchange capacity with respect to fluid such as water or gas and thus can be used as cartridge filters and fiber-filled filters.

Abstract: A polyhalide bactericidal resin, of the demand type, based on halogens, the preponderant being iodine. The release of iodine into the water which is purified is minimized, and contaminated water is rendered safe for human consumption.There are also provided devices for the decontamination of contaminated water, based on the use of the novel resins of the invention.Furthermore there is provided a process for the production of such resins based on the interaction of a strong base anion exchange resin, iodine, an iodine, a bromide and a persulfate oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process is provided for hydrolysis of fluorinated ion exchange membranes. The membrane is contacted with an aqueous solution containing a hydrocarbon having ether, epoxy or ketone linkages and an alcohol group, preferably 1-methoxy 2-propanol, for a period of time sufficient to perform the hydrolysis of the precursor groups. The membrane is useful in a fuel cell or in an electrolytic cell, particularly a chloralkali cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing complex-forming ion exchanger resins which contain 8-hydroxyquinoline groups and can be prepared from carrier materials containing amino groups reactive with aldehydes, and aldehydes, 8-hydroxyquinoline and/or 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, and to the use thereof for the selective extraction of metals from aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Adsorption material, preferably substantially spherical, wherein support particles having cellulose capable of binding charged particles such as proteins, are distributed over the exterior surfaces thereof, and a method for generating substantially spherical adsorption material.

Abstract: The ion exchange resin beads have functional groups of formula I wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, m, r and q have the meanings stated in claim 1 and which have a matrix of a cross-linked polymer wherein the level of cross-linkages is decreased in the shell area is compared to the core area.These ion exchange resin beads are prepared by reacting resin beads which have primary or secondary amino groups and the mentioned matrix of a cross-linked polymer with a1) a hypophosphite salt in the presence of an acid, or a2) a hypophosphorous acid and b) formaldehyde or a formaldehyde releasing compound.

Abstract: Molded bodies in the form of packing bodies comprising a macroporous strongly acid or basic ion exchange resin having a voids fraction of 5-95 vol % of the macro shape without pores, a BET surface area of 0.1-1,000 sq m/g, and an ion exchange capacity of 0.05-10 meq/g.

Abstract: The invention concerns preparation of porous copolymer beads by a seeded polymerization process employing gel copolymer seed particles. The process comprises initially providing a plurality of gel-type copolymer seed particles prepared by polymerization of at least one first monovinylidene monomer and a first cross-linking monomer. A second monomer mixture comprising at least one second monovinylidene monomer, a second cross-linking monomer, and a phase-separating diluent is thereafter imbibed by the seed particles and polymerized therein. The process is characterized by selecting the first monovinylidene monomers such that the phase-separating diluent and second monovinylidene monomers are capable of being imbibed by the seed particles in an amount sufficient to form a porous copolymer. The porous copolymer beads produced have stable polymeric structures and good physical properties that render them useful in preparing ion-exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents.

Abstract: Polystyrene polymers having a quaternised ammonium group and their use in a method of treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. A particular compound of the invention is (N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl-ammoniomethylstyrene-ethyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene co-polymer, chloride salt.

Abstract: A fluorinated cation exchange resin catalyst is prepared by contacting a polymer containing pendant acid groups, particularly the radical --SO.sub.3 X with elemental fluorine in the presence of a water-free halogenated hydrocarbon liquid and thereafter converting the resulting pendant --SO.sub.3 X radical to a free acid.

Abstract: Highly crosslinked styrenic copolymers are treated to enhance their surface area by reacting residual vinyl groups in the copolymers in the presence of water or other non-swelling liquid and a Lewis-acid catalyst at elevated temperature

Abstract: A process for producing an aminophosphoric acid-type chelate resin, which comprises aminating halomethyl groups of a polymer having the halomethyl groups on aromatic nuclei, followed by phosphomethylation, wherein the amination reaction is conducted by means of an amine mixture comprising a monoamine and a polyamine, wherein the proportion of the monoamine to the total amount of both amines is from 20 to 70% by mole.

Abstract: For the preparation of hydrophilic polymer resins with functional groups on ligands, one reacts a resin which consists of units of formula I, in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an aliphatic residue, with a ligand in the presence of a coupling agent. The reaction is conducted in the presence of a competitive agent which is capable of reacting with the coupling agent at approximately the same rate as the amido group, to achieve a statistical limitation of the reaction of the coupling agent with the polymer. The competitive agent must not react with the resin.The resin is used for the recovery of metal ions from effluents or natural or industrial residual waters.

Abstract: A process for producing carriers for immunoassay, which comprises:1 a step of cutting a polystyrene material into pellets,2 a step of polymerizing the polystyrene pellets and a monomer required for forming polystyrene in the presence of a polymerization initiator and a crosslinking agent in a medium in which the pellets and the monomer are hardly soluble, to obtain spherical polystyrene beads, and3 a step of roughening the surface of the spherical polystyrene beads.

Abstract: The invention relates to an environment-friendly process for the preparation of weakly acid cation exchange resins by hydrolysis of crosslinked acrylonitrile bead polymers with an alkaline hydrolizing agent at elevated temperature, according to which the bead polymer and alkaline hydrolizing agent are brought together at elevated temperature only.

Abstract: An improved extraction system employing a quaternary amine to extract anions from an aqueous solution, particularly precious metals such as gold or silver from an aqueous alkaline solution. The improvement comprises the use of a weak organic acid (a compound providing an acidic proton) along with the quaternary amine. The improvement is useful in both liquid-liquid and liquid-solid extraction systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides cation exchange fibers having a high capacity of ion exchange and a high utilization rate of ion exchange radicals. The fibers are produced so as to have 3 m eq/g or more of carboxyl groups introduced by simultaneous crosslinking and hydrolyzing treatments of acrylic fibers, and to have tensile strength 1 g/d or more and a degree of water-swellability less than 100%, while maintaining fiber properties without problems in practical use.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing ion-exchange resin particles of relatively uniform size by partial functionalization of non-uniform copolymer beads with ion-exchange groups. The non-uniform copolymer beads are preferably functionalized in a manner such that the ion-exchange groups are substituted at available sites which are most accessible to diffusion by functionalizing agents. Due to the size difference between individual copolymer particles, a greater proportion of available sites is functionalized in a small particle when compared to that of a large particle. Due to the greater proportion of ion-exchange groups present in a small particle, the small particle swells relatively more than a larger particle. The result is effectively a narrowing of the size distribution for the partially functionalized resin particles.

Abstract: Organic materials, for example halocarbons, hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons are recovered from fluid streams, such as air or water, by passing these streams over post-cross-linked asdorptive porous resin beads. These beads have been prepared by(a) haloalkylating cross-linked copolymer beads of i) styrene or an alkylstyrene and ii) divinylbenzene and/or trivinylbenzene,(b) purifying the haloalkylated copolymer beads,(c) swelling the haloalkylated copolymer beads in an inert organic liquid and post-cross-linking the swollen beads in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. The cross-linked copolymer beads which are used in the haloalkylation step are microporous copolymer beads of i) 99.8 to 98.2 weight percent of styrene or an alkylstyrene and ii) 0.2 to 1.8 weight percent of divinylbenzene and/or trivinylbenzene, based on the total weight of i) and ii).

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed in which a membrane of a fluorinated resin containing a pendant precursor ion exchange group represented by the formula:--SO.sub.2 Xwherein X rerpesents a halogen atom, is contacted with a aqueous solution containing specific amounts of at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and at least one specific water soluble organic compound to thereby hydrolyze the precursor group while causing a specific membrane volume increase. In the process of the present invention , since the ion exchange membrane is swelled, while being hydrolyzed, to a desired degree, the rate of hydrolysis of precursor ion exchange groups is high, so that a final ion exchange membrane is free of wrinkles formed during the hydrolysis step of a conventional process and during the electrolytic operation, thereby enabling the final membrane to ensure advantageously low cell voltage and stable, prolonged electrolytic operation.

Abstract: A selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane comprising a membranous, porous resin matrix of a hydrophobic polyolefin or a hydrophobic copolymer of an olefin and a halogenated olefin and a plurality of side chains chemically bonded to both surfaces, which in turn are inclusive of pore wall surfaces, of the membranous porous resin matrix is disclosed. The side chains collectively contain both neutral hydroxyl groups and ion exchange groups. The selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane is suitable for use in selective purification or selective removal of desired ionic substances including not only ionic inorganic substances but also an ionic organic substances, such as a protein and an amino acid, on a commercial scale. Further, the selectively ion-adsorptive, porous membrane has not only excellent heat resistance, but also excellent mechanical strength.

Abstract: A method is provided for strong base anion exchange resins containing high concentrations of pentaiodide (I.sub.5.sup.-). The resins are prepared from highly concentrated solutions of I.sub.5.sup.- and I.sub.3.sup.- ions. The exchanged ions, such as chloried (Cl.sup.-), are washed out of the resin after completion of the exchange reaction with the polyiodide ion mixture. The resulting product is a stable resin of predetermined I.sub.5.sup.- content, which is highly effective as a disinfectant for water, acting against water-borne bacteria, virus, and Giardia.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adduct of a basic macromoleculer and biotin having the general formula: ##STR1## in which MM is the residue of a basic macromolecule formed by substituting the H-atom of one or more primary amino groups;alk represents an optionally substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 10 C-atoms;m is 0 or 1; andn is a positive integer,with the proviso that, where MM represents cytochrome C or histone, m is not 0.The adduct is useful in constructing non-radioactive nucleic acid hydridization probes.

Abstract: A coated cation exchanged fabric having as its base a fluorinated cation exchange resin, oriented at least 1x, in alkali metal salt form and as its coating an unoriented or oriented melt-fabricable precursor of the same salt-form fluorinated cation exchange resin. The invention also includes various processes for making the coated fabric.

Abstract: A fluorinated cation exchange membrane made using reinforcement of oriented, hydrolyzed fabric of a cation exchange copolymer, the fabric having a coating of a melt-processible precursor or derivative of a fluorinated cation exchange resin on at least one surface or throughout.

Abstract: A sheath/core yarn having as its core a fluorinated cation exchange resin, oriented at least 1x, in alkali metal salt form and as its sheath an unoriented or oriented melt-fabricable precursor or derivative of the same salt-form fluorinated cation exchange resin. The invention also includes various processes for making the sheath/core yarn.

Abstract: Cation exchange resins with improved stability prepared by treating the resins with an antioxidant are disclosed.

Abstract: Bitter components, such as limonin, may be effectively removed from citrus juices, particularly navel orange juices, by contacting the juices with an adsorbent resin. The adsorbent resin is derived from a copolymer of a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer and a crosslinking monomer, where the copolymer has been post-crosslinked in the swollen state in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and functionalized with hydrophilic groups. Preferably, the copolymers are styrene and divinylbenzene.

Abstract: Reversed-phase materials and a method for producing such materials are disclosed. In making the materials, first a thin layer of an adsorbate comprising reactive amine groups is adsorbed to a support material such as silica, alumina or titania. A portion of the reactive amine groups of said adsorbed coating are then reacted with an amount of a hydrophobic reagent sufficient to effect crosslinking of said coating. At least one remaining reactive amine group, and preferably all of the reactive amine groups of said crosslinked adsorbed coating, are then reacted, preferably in the presence of a proton scavenger, with an amount of a hydrophobic anhydride sufficient to form an amide bond with said reactive amine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a permselective flexible anion exchange membrane by application of a solution of a polymer containing polyvinylpyridine and/or a derivative thereof as anion exchanger to a carrier material and evaporation of the solvent. According to the invention, a solution of a copolymer of vinylpyridine and/or a derivative thereof and of a monomer, which does not form fixed ions either during the cross-linking reaction or in the electrolyte, or of a mixture of such monomers is applied to the carrier material, the film is subjected while moist to quaternization and the membrane formed is optionally removed from the carrier material. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the solution of the copolymer of vinylpyridine and the monomer additionally contains polyvinylbenzyl halide or a copolymer of vinylbenzyl halide and a monomer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oil-containing resin having a flowability of not more than 45.degree. in terms of an angle of repose, which comprises a porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer and a liquid oil adsorbed on the copolymer, an oil-containing resin mixture in a paste form of the oil-containing resin and a liquid oil, and a composition of the oil-containing resin mixture in a paste form and a thermoplastic resin. Owing to a good flowability, the oil-containing resin has a good moldability, and also owing to a high oil content, a molding having distinguished sliding characteristics is obtained from the composition of the oil-containing resin mixture in a paste form and a thermoplastic resin.