Abstract: This invention relates to a process for increasing the molecular weight and/or for the modification of polycondensates during the processing in the melt, which comprises adding to the polycondensate a blend comprising a) at least one polyfunctional anhydride (polyanhydride); b) at least one polyfunctional compound, the functional groups of which can react with the anhydride groups of component a); and c) at least one phosphonate. This invention also relates to the use of an additive blend for increasing the molecular weight and for the modification of polycondensates during the processing in the melt.

Abstract: The invention concerns nucleating agent systems for foamable polymer compositions, preferably fluoropolymer resins, having foam cell nucleation sites using titanium dioxide based nucleating agents, and foamable polymers comprising the nucleating agents. The nucleating agent systems comprise TiO2, certain inorganic salts, and, optionally, sulfonic acid salts and/or phosphonic acid salts. The invention also concerns foamable composition concentrates and foamed thermoplastic insulation material comprising fluoropolymer and the nucleating agent systems.

Abstract: Composition that can be used as a polymer blowing agent, comprising from 60 to 98% of HFC-134a and from 2 to 40% of cyclopentane;

Abstract: A low-temperature foam compositions and that are produced from an epoxy compound and an acid source can be substantially free of polyurethane or isocyanate chemistry. The disclosed compositions and precursors thereof reduce, if not eliminate, the presence of conventional undesirable compounds and by-products thereof.

Abstract: A foam composition and method of making the same. The foam of the present invention comprises a mixture of glutarate ester plasticizer, adipate ester plasticizer, alcohol carboxylic acid ester, cell stabilizer, barium/zinc activator stabilizer, potassium/zinc activator stabilizer or zinc stabilizer, azodicarbonamide blowing agent, low-fogging vinyl dispersion resin, vinyl blending resin, and black acrylic pigment dispersion. The foam is made by the process of mixing the ingredients until a homogenous liquid mixture is present, de-airing the homogeneous liquid mixture, casting the liquid mixture on a non-fogging release-coated surface, expanding the cast liquid mixture by exposing it to an elevated temperature for a prescribed duration of time, and then either cooling the expanded mixture and winding it into rolls, or coating the stabilized composition with pressure sensitive adhesive, cooling it, and then winding it into rolls.

Abstract: Flame-retardant foam slabs are based on styrene polymers wherein from 1 to 12% by weight of expanded graphite and also, if desired, from 1 to 12% by weight of a phosphorus compound are present as flame retardants.

Abstract: The invention concerns nucleating agent systems for foamable polymer compositions, preferably fluoropolymer resins, having foam cell nucleation sites using titanium dioxide based nucleating agents, and foamable polymers comprising the nucleating agents. The nucleating agent systems comprise TiO2, certain inorganic salts, and, optionally, sulphonic acid and/or phosphonic salts. The invention also concerns foamable composition concentrates and foamed thermoplastic insulation material comprising fluoropolymer agent systems.

Abstract: The invention concerns nucleating agent systems for foamable polymer compositions, preferably fluoropolymer resins, having foam cell nucleation sites using titanium dioxide based nucleating agents, and foamable polymers comprising the nucleating agents. The nucleating agent systems comprise TiO2 , certain inorganic salts, and, optionally, sulfonic acid salts and/or phosphonic acid salts. The invention also concerns foamable composition concentrates and foamed thermoplastic insulation material comprising fluoropolymer and the nucleating agent systems.

Abstract: Foamable polypropylene composition comprising a polypropylene resin having an D1238L melt flow rate of from about 0.5 to about 30 g/10 min, and a method for extruding rigid, foamed polypropylene sheet with improved surface appearance having a density in the range 0.4 to about 0.8 g/cm3.

Abstract: The invention relates to open-celled melamine foams which have improved fire performance and whose cell-structure surface has been to some extent or entirely coated with an ammonium salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a medium density chlorinated polyvinyl chloride foam and the method of preparing such a foam. The foam having a specific gravity in the range of about 0.3 to about 1.5 comprises chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, a nitrogen containing decomposition type blowing agent, a tin stabilizer, a costabilizer and a high molecular weight process aid.

Abstract: A process for making a macrocellular acoustic foam is disclosed in which a foamable gel made of a blowing agent and a polymeric resin composition is subjected to an extrusion process at a die pressure greater than the prefoaming critical die pressure but less than or equal to four times that of said prefoaming critical die pressure and macrocellular foams obtainable by that process are also disclosed which are made of:

Abstract: A foam composition and method of making the same. The foam of the present invention comprises a mixture of glutarate ester plasticizer, adipate ester plasticizer, alcohol carboxylic acid ester, cell stabilizer, barium/zinc activator stabilizer, potassium/zinc activator stabilizer, azodicarbonamide blowing agent, low-fogging vinyl dispersion resin, vinyl blending resin, black acrylic pigment dispersion, and oxazoline viscosity reducer. The foam is made by the process of mixing the ingredients until a homogenous liquid mixture is present, de-airing the homogeneous liquid mixture, casting the liquid mixture on a non-fogging release-coated surface, expanding the cast liquid mixture by exposing it to an elevated temperature for a prescribed duration of time, and then either cooling the expanded mixture and winding it into rolls, or coating the stabilized composition with pressure sensitive adhesive, cooling it, and then winding it into rolls.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions based on elastomeric polymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene and optionally tetrafluoroethylene suitable for providing microcellular foamed vulcanized articles by extrusion or compression molding. In the case of the production of extruded articles based on vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene copolymers, the compositions comprise: the copolymer, bisphenol AF, a quaternary phosphonium or aminophosphonium salt, azodicarbonamide, MgO, Ca(OH)2, zinc stearate and a plasticizer, each of the components being contained in an exactly defined proportion.

Abstract: Titanates and zirconates bearing organic substituents can act as corrosion inhibitors when added to foamable compositions based on thermosettable synthetic resins such as epoxy resins. Combinations of organometallates containing certain specific types of substituents provide synergistic improvements in the properties of structural reinforcement foams obtained by heating and curing the foamable compositions.

Abstract: A silicate-based blowing agent and method for producing foamed polymer; provides a blowing agent containing at least one metal silicate, boric acid or a salt thereof, a peroxy compound, a reaction initiator and, optionally, a desiccant. The blowing agent is prepared by mixing the ingredients at least one time and allowing the mixture to rest without mixing until a dry dilatent gel is formed. The blowing agent is useful for the production of foamed polymers, especially for the production of foamed rubber.

Abstract: A textured metallocene polyethylene foam sheet suitable for use in a floor covering is made using a highly co-activated azodicarbonamide package which blows the metallocene polyethylene effectively. The preferred co-activators are zinc oxide and urea. The textured surface of metallocene polyethylene foam is formed by a chemical embossing process which utilizes a liquid triazole having an alkyl moiety as a foam-expansion inhibitor. The triazole is dissolved in a non-polar solvent to form the foam inhibitor. The preferred inhibitor is a hydrocarbon which may be halogenated.

Abstract: A silicate-based blowing agent and method for producing foamed polymers provides a blowing agent containing at least one metal silicate, boric acid or a salt thereof, a peroxy compound, a reaction initiator and, optionally, a desiccant. The blowing agent is prepared by mixing the ingredients at least one time and allowing the mixture to rest without mixing until a dry dilatent gel is formed. The blowing agent is useful for the production of foamed polymers, especially for the production of foamed rubber.

Abstract: When it is intended to obtain foamed particles having a high expansion ratio upon the production of foamed particles of a polyolefin resin, there has been a problem that foamed particles uneven in cell diameter are produced. Any molded article produced with such foamed particles has involved a drawback that it is poor in dimensional stability, and its surface profile becomes uneven.The invention relates to foamed particles comprising a polyolefin resin as a base resin, wherein the base resin contains a metal salt (excluding alkali metal salts) of boric acid in such a manner that the content of the metal salt of boric acid in the raw resin amounts to 50-50,000 ppm. Zinc borate, magnesium borate or the like is used as the metal salt of boric acid.

Abstract: Titanates and zirconates bearing organic substituents can act as corrosion inhibitors when added to foamable compositions based on thermosettable synthetic resins such as epoxy resins. Combinations of organometallates containing certain specific types of substituents provide synergistic improvements in the properties of structural reinforcement foams obtained by heating and curing the foamable compositions.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam prepared by reacting polyisocyanate with polyol and/or polymer polyol containing dispersed polymer microparticles obtained by polymerizing an unsaturated compound, water, catalyst, surfactant and, when needed, crosslinking agent and other auxiliary agents, wherein a portion or the whole of the polyol and/or the polymer polyol is prepared in the presence of a compound having a nitrogen-phosphorus double bond as a catalyst, have excellent wet compression set, fatigue by constant-load pounding and dynamic durability.

Abstract: Provided is a foamable, phenolic resin composition adapted to form a closed-cell phenolic resin foam under substantially atmospheric pressure. The foamable, phenolic resin composition is formulated from a resol resin, a blowing agent, and a bond strength enhancing agent and/or a phenolic resin nucleating agent. The present invention also relates to a method of forming a closed-cell, phenolic resin foam and a closed-cell phenolic resin foam.

Abstract: This invention relates to a foamed material for fireproofing and/or insulating purposes, consisting of 30 to 90 parts by weight of a solution that contains 20 to 70 wt-% Al (H.sub.2 PO.sub.4).sub.3 and 30 to 80 wt-% water, 5 to 55 parts by weight of a mixture that contains 10 to 70 wt-% MgO, 0 to 70 wt-% mica, 0 to 70 wt-% aluminium hydroxide and 1 to 20 wt-% MnO.sub.2, as well as 1 to 30 parts by weight of a foaming agent that contains 3 to 33 wt-% H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and 67 to 97 wt-% water. In accordance with the invention, the term "insulating purposes" refers to the use of the inventive foamed material for heat and sound insulation.

Abstract: The flame-resistant polyurethanes of the invention comprise, as flameproofing agents, mixtures of oligomeric phosphoric acid esters which carry hydroxyalkoxy groups, of the formula I ##STR1## in which q denotes an average chain length of 0.5 to 10, R.sub.1 is a hydroxyl-containing radical of the formula II a,R.sub.2 is a radical of the formula III ##STR2## R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula II b, R.sub.4 is R.sub.1 or R.sub.3 ; R.sub.5,R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are an H atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is 0 to 4 and n is 1 to 4.

Abstract: A flexible aerogel and process of fabrication. An aerogel solution is mixed with fibers in a mold and allowed to gel. The gel is then processed by supercritical extraction, or by air drying, to produce a flexible aerogel formed to the shape of the mold. The flexible aerogel has excellent thermal and acoustic properties, and can be utilized in numerous applications, such as for energy absorption, insulation (temperature and acoustic), to meet the contours of aircraft shapes, and where space is limited since an inch of aerogel is a 4-5 times better insulator than an inch of fiberglass. The flexible aerogel may be of an inorganic (silica) type or an organic (carbon) type, but containing fibers, such as glass or carbon fibers.

Abstract: A process for producing a porous body of tourmaline includes the step of sintering a mixture of fine powder of tourmaline and fine powder of polyethylene or fine powder of polypropylene.

Abstract: Gaskets comprising either at least one homogeneously branched ethylene polymer or at least one elastic substantially linear ethylene polymer, at least one ethylene/carboxylic acid interpolymer; and at least one slip agent are disclosed. These gaskets may also contain enhanced polyethylenes produced by the direct polymerization of various combinations of novel elastic substantially linear olefin polymers in multiple reactors using either single or multiple catalysts. These gaskets may also be comprised of at least one ethylene polymer and at least one ionomer. The above mentioned gaskets may also contain slip agents and/or foaming agents. The gaskets are particularly useful for sealing food and liquid containers and do not contribute to taste and/or odor of the packaged product, which is especially useful in food-stuff applications.

Abstract: The use is described of boron compounds chosen from the group consisting of boron carbide and metal borides mixed with non-reinforcing fillers, with the proviso that at least 75% by weight of the non-reinforcing fillers are heat-stable up to 1200.degree. C., as flameproofing agents in organopolysiloxane compositions which can be crosslinked to flame-resistant elastomers.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a foam having a bulk density of less than 250 g/l; the foam having a stability in air of at least 15 seconds (and preferably at least 30 seconds), the stability being defined as the time for the foam to collapse to half its volume when measured in a 111 mm internal diameter and 62 mm internal height glass beaker; wherein the foam has a stability on water at 20.degree. C. of less than 2 hours, the stability on water being defined as the time taken for a 150 ml foam mass on the surface of 450 ml distilled water in a 111 mm internal diameter and 62 mm internal height glass beaker, to collapse to reveal a 2 cm diameter area of the water surface which is substantially free from foam.

Abstract: Certain (1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanemethan) amine compounds, which are useful as flame retardant compounds, are disclosed. The compounds are particularly useful in polyurethane compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing expanded articles based on ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymers having high dielectric characteristics consisting in mixing the copolymer with 0.5-2% by weight of boron nitride, extruding the blend at 260.degree.-300.degree. C., injecting into the molten blend nitrogen at 50-150 atmospheres and lowering the pressure for obtaining the expanded article.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described wherein a styrenic polymer is rendered flame retardant by incorporation therein before, during or after its formation, a combination of (a) at least one organic phosphorus additive that (i) is halogen-free, and (ii) is composed solely of carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, and optionally and preferably one or more of the elements nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and (b) elemental sulfur; in proportions such that (i) the sulfur content from b) is less than 2 percent by weight of the weight of the styrenic polymer plus the weight of a) and b), and (ii) the styrenic polymer plus ingredients a) and b) can provide test specimens which exhibit an LOI of at least 24 if tested in accordance with ASTM Standard Test Method D 2863-87.

Abstract: The invention relates to flame retardant polymeric compositions which comprise a halogen-free cyclic phosphoric acid ester of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R=phenyl or methyl substituted phenyl as a flameproofing agent.

Abstract: Fluoropolymer having unstable end groups is used to form foamed fluoropolymer structures without added blowing agent.

Abstract: A foam cell nucleating agent that is a combination of sulfonic or phosphonic acid or salt thereof and inorganic salt containing a polyatomic anion yields improved foaming of thermoplastic resins such as polyolefins and melt-fabricable fluoropolymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a closed-cell polymer foam comprising a quantity of titanium dioxidce particulates sufficient to reduce the thermal conductivity of the foam to less than that of a corresponding foam without the titanium dioxide particulates. The titanium dioxide particulates have a wetting aggent applied to a substantial portion of their surfaces. Further disclosed are processes for making the foams.

Abstract: An antistatic additive including a hexahalogenated ionic compound, and an antistatic additive composition for organic polymer compositions including an antistatically-effective amount of the hexahalogenated ionic compound, a solvent for the hexahalogenated ionic compound, and a diluent compatible with the hexahalogenated ionic compound, the solvent and the organic polymer composition. The hexahalogenated phosphate compound is preferably either potassium hexafluorophosphate, sodium hexafluorophosphate, and ammonium hexafluorophosphate. Organic polymer compositions containing the additive also are disclosed, as are methods of manufacturing both the additive and the polymer compositions.

Abstract: A composition which cures and foams at room temperature contains a acid-catalyzed, polymerizable resin, an acid and a filler which liberates gas in an endothermic reaction with the acid. The acid serves the dual purpose of catalyzing the polymerization reaction and generating the foaming gas.

Abstract: Novel aerated fibrous slurry comprising fibrous material, foaming agent, stabilizer, water and gas, which when dried to a water content of not more than 10% by weight, forms a dry, resilient fibrous foam composition. The dry, resilient fibrous foam composition is useful as an inexpensive cushioning filler, as a heat insulating material and as an absorbent of liquids.

Abstract: An improved foam nucleation system based on selected boron nitride provides smaller foam cell size for melt-fabricable fluoropolymers.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH .ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: A thin-film intumescent composition for protecting a substrate against fire and thermal extremes includes a polymer binder, a solvent, a carbonific, a spumific, a catalyst, and at least some additives chosen from a source of carbon, finely divided elemental boron, a metal stearate adduct with alumina, and a conjugated fatty acid, preferably a conjugated triglyceride. The compositions provide chars having greatly increased efficiency, greater thickness, better physical characteristics including cell structure and physical toughness, and greater resistance to oxidation by fires and by chemicals present in fires.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of expandable thermoplastic polymers by post-impregnation with a blowing agent in aqueous suspension in the presence of a mixture of magnesium pyrophosphate and a sulfonate group-containing extender as suspension stabilizer, in a reactor comprisesa) preparing the magnesium pyrophosphate in the same reactor at below 50.degree. C. by adding a solid magnesium salt in an amount corresponding to an at least 3% stoichiometric excess, based on pyrophosphate, to an aqueous solution of the pyrophosphate,b) heating the suspension medium to from 70.degree. to 140.degree. C. andc) adding the blowing agent in this temperature range.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an underlayment composition for an artificial playing surface comprised of a butadiene rubber, such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene that is commercially available as recycled polycord tires that have been granulized. An inorganic-base moisture-retaining agent such as vermiculite or perlite is also included in the composition in addition to a binder comprised of a mixture of isocyanate polyurethane and an inorganic acid. The present invention also provides a method of making the present composition. The method comprises the steps of mixing thoroughly granulized particles of butadiene rubber in a mixing container, mixing an inorganic-based moisture-retaining component with the butadiene rubber, mixing an acid having a pH.ltoreq.3 with the butadiene rubber and the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component, and mixing an isocyanate polyurethane with the butadiene rubber, the inorganic-based moisture-retaining component and the acid.

Abstract: A lightweight, electroconductive foam comprising an effective amount of a conductive ionic salt, a polymer capable of complexing said conductive ionic salt and an effective amount of particulate conductive material such as carbon black or metal is disclosed. Additionally, a method of preparing a lightweight electroconductive foam having a surface resistivity less than about 10.sup.10 ohms per square by an extrusion process is disclosed. Foams of the present invention exhibit relatively high conductivities yet require only relatively low amounts of particulate conductive material.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a fire-resistant, essentially halogen-free epoxy composition that emits low amounts of smoke and toxic gas while burning. The one-part composition is particularly useful in aerospace applications for bonding, sealing and/or insulating metal, plastic and composite parts.

Abstract: Novel, improved ligand-containing media, a method of preparation and use in the production of peptides, proteins, and the like, by chromatographic separation, and more specifically media having permanently attached via a covalent bond to an inert solid substrate an avidin polypeptide ligand in the dissociated renatured form which reversibly binds to certain molecules such as proteins, peptide, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, and the like and to other molecules which bind to avidin via biotinylation or by way of their secondary/tertiary micromolecular structures.

Abstract: A water-permeable and fire-resistant film and the preparing method thereof is disclosed. The water-permeable and fire-resistant film comprises polyurethane resin; a first fire-resistant agent; a second fire-resistant agent, an inorganic fire-resistant agent and an additive agent. The first fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of paraffine chlorinated, decabromodiphenyl oxide, hexachloro benzene, hexabromo benzene, pentabromo ethyl benzene, pentabromo diphenyl oxide and octabromo diphenyl ether. The second fire-resistant agent used is selected from the group consisting of Sb203 and Sb205. The surface of the film produced is smooth.

Abstract: Flame-retardant poly (polyisocyanate-organic phosphorus) products are produced by mixing and reacting an organic phosphorus containing compound and a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a polyisocyante catalyst. No other blowing agent is necessary.The flame-retardant polyurethane foam products may be used for thermal and sound-insulation, for cushioning, for molding useful objects and as a cavity filler.

Abstract: A thermoplastic molding composition suitable for the preparation of foam is disclosed. The composition comprises a thermoplastic resinous component and a foaming agent which includes A) (i) 0.01 to 4.8% alumina hydrate (aluminum hydroxide) in combination with (ii) 0.01 to 4.8% of an acidic additive or B) 0.01 to 4.8% of the reaction product of said (i) and said (ii), the percentages being relative to the weight of the composition to be foamed. The invention is based on the finding that the foaming of the composition does not lead to any significant reduction in molecular weight of the resinous component or to troublesome discoloration of the foam, even during its re-extrusion.