Abstract: Process for the photocatalytic polymerization of a cyclical olefin or at least two different cyclical olefins in the presence of a metal compound as the catalyst, which is characterized in that a photochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one carbene-free, bivalent-cationic ruthenium or osmium compound which contains at least one phosphine group, at least one photolabile ligand, and optionally neutral ligands bonded to the metal atom, a total of 2 or 3 ligands being bonded, and which contains acid ions for balancing the charge. The process can also be carried out by first carrying out the irradiation and ending the polymerization by heating. The process is suitable, for example, for the preparation of thermoplastics shaping compounds and the production of coatings and images in relief.

Abstract: Radiation-sensitive compositions comprising a substance which forms acid under the action of actinic radiation and polymers based on combination of different repeating units derived from hydroxy styrene and hydroxy-vinylcyclohexane derivatives wherein a portion of the hydroxyl groups are replaced with either acid-labile acetal or ketal protecting groups and where a portion of the repeating groups comprise two crosslinked species connected via the protecting groups.

Abstract: Process for the photocatalytic polymerization of a cyclic olefin or at least two different cyclic olefins in the presence of a metal compound as catalyst, which comprises carrying out a photochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one heat-stable niobium(V) or tantalum(V) compound which contains at least two methyl groups or two monosubstituted methyl groups bound to the metal, the substituent containing no hydrogen atom in the .alpha.-position.The process can also be carried out by first performing the irradiation and completing the polymerization by heating. The process is suitable, for example, for the preparation of thermoplastic molding materials, coatings and relief images.

Abstract: This invention provides novel methods for the formation of biocompatible membranes around biological materials using photopolymerization of water soluble molecules. The membranes can be used as a covering to encapsulate biological materials or biomedical devices, as a "glue" to cause more than one biological substance to adhere together, or as carriers for biologically active species. Several methods for forming these membranes are provided. Each of these methods utilizes a polymerization system containing water-soluble macromers, species which are at once polymers and macromolecules capable of further polymerization. The macromers are polymerized using a photoinitiator (such as a dye), optionally a cocatalyst, optionally an accelerator, and radiation in the form of visible or long wavelength UV light. The reaction occurs either by suspension polymerization or by interfacial polymerization.

Abstract: Process for the photocatalytic polymerization of a cyclical olefin or at least two different cyclical olefins in the presence of a metal compound as the catalyst, in which a photochemical ring-opening metathesis polymerization is carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one heat-stable titanium(IV), niobium(V), tantalum(V), molybdenum(VI) or tungsten(VI) compound in which a silylmethyl group and at least one halogen are bonded to the metal. The process can also be carried out by first performing the irradiation and ending the polymerization by heating.The process is suitable, for example, for the production of thermoplastic shaping compounds, coatings and images in relief.

Abstract: A process for photocatalytic polymerisation of a cyclic olefin or of at least two different cyclic olefins in the presence of a metal compound as catalyst, which process comprises carrying out a photochemically induced ring-opening metathesis polymerisation in the presence of a catalytic amount of at least one thermostable molybdenum (VI) or tungsten (VI) compound which contains at least two methyl groups or two monosubstituted methyl groups lacking .beta.-hydrogen atoms in the substituent and which are bonded to the metal atom. The process may be carried out by first irradiating and terminating the polymerisation by heating. The process is suitable for fabricating moulded articles, coatings and relief images.

Abstract: Structure, composition and method in which a fiber reinforcement is impregnated with an interpenetrating network of a light cure resin and a thermosetting resin which are independently curable, enabling autobody component repair, electronic assembly bonding, etc. by selective cure first of one or the other resin, and the support against fluid flow of the uncured resin by the first cured resin.

Abstract: A resin composition for production of a three-dimensional object by curing, which comprises a) a liquid photocurable resin, and b) a reinforcing agent selected from an inorganic solid particle having an average particle diameter of 3 to 70 .mu.m, whisker having an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 .mu.m, a length of 10 to 70 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of 10 to 100, and a combination of these.

Abstract: A method for the anionic photoinitiation of polymerization or crosslinking of a substrate by irradiating a mixture of a substrate and a photoinitiator, where the photoinitiator is an inorganic transition metal complex which releases on irradiation a polymerization initiating substance consisting essentially of an anionically charged nucleophile that initiates the polymerization or crosslinking reaction, under conditions that allow the anion to initiate polymerization.

Abstract: A sulfonium complex or oxosulfonium complex of the formula (1), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a benzyl group, a substituted benzyl group, a phenacyl group, a substituted phenacyl group, an aryloxy group, a substituted aryloxy group, an alkenyl group or a substituted alkenyl group, each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently any one of groups defined as R.sup.1, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, an aralkyl group, a substituted aralkyl group, an alkynyl group, a substituted alkynyl group, an alicyclic group, a substituted alicyclic group, an alkoxyl group, a substituted alkoxyl group, an alkylthio group, a substituted alkylthio group, an amino group or a substituted amino group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may bond together forming a ring structure, R.sup.4 is an oxygen atom or lone pair, and each of R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: Composition containing charge transfer complex from at least one unsaturated compound having an electron donor group and having an electron withdrawing group and being free of any photoinitiating compound is polymerized by being subjected to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a non-emissive, bimodal cured polymeric network which has an onset degradation temperature that is about 100.degree. C. above the onset degradation temperature of a base polymer. The novel cured polymeric network comprises the cured reaction product of the following ingredients: (a) combination of one or more liquid carrier monomers or prepolymers which combination is reactive to form a base polymer by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the presence of a UV photosensitizer at a temperature, T.sub.uv ; and (b) between about 10 and 100 wt-% based on ingredient (a) of a combination of one or more monomers or prepolymers which combination is reactive to form a cured high temperature stable polymer by heating at a temperature, T.sub..DELTA.. Ingredient (b) is soluble or dispersible in ingredient (a) at a temperature, T.sub.s, wherein T.sub.s is equal to or lower than T.sub.uv, and T.sub.uv is at least about 50.degree. C. lower than T.sub..DELTA..

Abstract: A method is provided for treating cataracts and other eye diseases, and includes the use of photopolymerizable compositions for preparing an intraocular-lens filling material which is used during an operation with an inserted intraocular-lens shell. The photopolymerizable compositions contain the following components:a) 90-99.99% by weight, preferably 94-99.799% by weight of at least one at least difunctional acrylic and/or methacrylic acid ester,b) 0.01-5% by weight, preferably 0.1-2% by weight, of at least one photoinitiator which is activatable with light in the wavelength range 400-500 nm,c) 0-9.98% by weight, preferably 0.001-2% by weight, of a UV-absorber which can absorb light of wavelengths <400 nm, andd) 0-9.98% by weight, preferably 0.1-2% by weight, of other auxiliary substances, such as dyes or activators for the photoinitiator, for example tertiary amines,the quantity particulars referring in each case to the total mass.

Abstract: A process for producing a slow-release powder which permit various active ingredients such as perfumes, insect control agents, rust inhibitors, mold inhibitors and antibacterial agents to be slowly released over a prolonged time, the process comprising the steps of mixing a long-chain compound with the ingredients, mixing the resulting mixture with urea, and exposing the resulting urea adduct to radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method for making a thermoset polymer wherein a plurality of reactant streams, one of which contains the activator of a metathesis catalyst system combined with a moderator, and a second of which contains the catalyst of the metathesis catalyst system and at least one of which contains dicyclopentadiene are combined to form a reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture is then injected into a mold where polymerization occurs. The improvement comprises adding to the reaction mixture 1-25 mols of a cationic polymerization initiator per 1000 mols of dicyclopentadiene.

Abstract: An actinically curable composition containing (1) an oligomer having a molecular weight within the range of from about 200 to about 3000 and which is end capped with reactive functional groups to provide sites for free radical polymerization by actinic radiation and (2) as a reactive diluent, an N-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone in which the number 4 and 5 carbon atoms each have two constituents which are all independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An actinically curable composition containing (1) an oligomer having a molecular weight within the range of from about 200 to about 3000 and which is end capped with reactive functional groups to provide sites for free radical polymerization by actinic radiation and (2) as a reactive diluent, an N-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone in which the number 4 and 5 carbon atoms each have two constituents which are all independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An actinically curable composition containing (1) an oligomer having a molecular weight within the range of from about 200 to about 3000 and which is end capped with reactive functional groups to provide sites for free radical polymerization by actinic radiation and (2) as a reactive diluent, an N-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone in which the number 4 and 5 carbon atoms each have two constituents which are all independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An actinically curable composition containing (1) an oligomer having a molecular weight within the range of from about 200 to about 3000 and which is end capped with reactive functional groups to provide sites for free radical polymerization by actinic radiation and (2) as a reactive diluent, an N-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone in which the number 4 and 5 carbon atoms each have two constituents which are all independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An actinically curable composition containing (1) an oligomer having a molecular weight within the range of from about 200 to about 3000 and which is end capped with reactive functional groups to provide sites for free radical polymerization by actinic radiation and (2) as a reactive diluent, an N-vinyl-2-oxazolidinone in which the number 4 and 5 carbon atoms each have two constituents which are all independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An undoped semiconducting polymeric material is provided which is composed of a plurality of parallel sheets of regular two dimensional networks of polydiacetylene and polyacetylene chains interconnected by a plurality of spacer units. In the preferred embodiment the spacer units are methylene with the number of methylene units ranging from 5 to 8. The polymeric material is preferably formed by polymerizing a monomer having the structural formula CH.tbd.C--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --C.tbd.CH. In the preferred embodiment n has a value of 5 to 8.