Abstract: The invention relates to a dental restorative material on the basis of at least one compound of one of the Formulae The invention also relates to the use of the dental restorative materials according to the invention for preparing dental composites, preferably composite blanks, which are suitable in particular for mechanical processing by means of computer-aided processing techniques such as milling and grinding processes, and which are suitable above all for preparing dental restoration materials such as inlays, onlays, crowns, bridges or veneering materials.

Abstract: A method for additive delivery during a plastics processing is disclosed. The method includes establishing a network of components in a control loop that uses a feedback method to drive at least one pump, thus enabling continuous, robust proportioning of additive in a difficult to control environment. The feedback method includes sending at least one signal from at least one sensor associated with a plastics melting machine to a controller, sending one or more signals from the controller to the at least one pump, monitoring the pressure in the at least one pump and sensing the position of an injection nozzle valve, and sending one or more signals to the injection nozzle valve instructing the valve to open or close.

Abstract: A device is introduced for preparation of milk and other beverages in bar or restaurant environments. The device has the unique ability to generate a micro-foam which imparts a sweet taste to the beverage without use of sugar, that sweet taste being equivalent to adding a flat teaspoon of sugar to a traditional cup of cappuccino. The computerized device consists of sensors and a fine mesh that is pushed through the beverage by means of an actuator adapted for this purpose while imparting quantitative heat through the process.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for monitoring and/or adjusting a dispersion polymerization of an olefin-based polymer, the process comprising monitoring the concentration of the carbon-carbon unsaturations in the dispersion using Raman Spectroscopy. The invention also provides a process for polymerizing an olefin-based polymer, the process comprising polymerizing one or more monomer types, in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one solvent, to form the polymer as a dispersed phase in the solvent; and monitoring the concentration of the carbon-carbon unsaturations in the dispersion using Raman Spectroscopy.

Abstract: A low pressure, low volatile, low energy method to make an ethylene, propylene diene terpolymer latex usable in paints, adhesives, and as a coating.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for monitoring and/or adjusting a dispersion polymerization of an olefin-based polymer, the process comprising monitoring the concentration of the carbon-carbon unsaturations in the dispersion using Raman Spectroscopy. The invention also provides a process for polymerizing an olefin-based polymer, the process comprising polymerizing one or more monomer types, in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one solvent, to form the polymer as a dispersed phase in the solvent; and monitoring the concentration of the carbon-carbon unsaturations in the dispersion using Raman Spectroscopy.

Abstract: The present invention provides process for the manufacture of an aqueous resin composition comprising a phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, which process comprises the steps of: providing a formaldehyde and phenolic compound, reacting said compounds in a condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, after completion of the condensation reaction to react with free formaldehyde, determining the free formaldehyde content of the resin composition, adding a pre-calculated substantially stoichiometric amount of modifying compound containing a primary amine group to reduce the amount of free formaldehyde in the resin composition to less than 0.1 wt % (relative to the total weight of the aqueous resin composition), and optionally distillation of the reaction product.

Abstract: Methods of evaluating birefringence of an adhesive agent, and of designing and producing an adhesive agent using the evaluation method, as well as adhesive agents produced using these methods. A polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device using the obtained adhesive agent are proposed, as well as methods for producing the same.

Abstract: A method of making an optically diffusive adhesive comprises: preparing a first adhesive composition comprising first particles dispersed in an optically clear adhesive matrix; determining a first haze and a first clarity of the first adhesive composition; and based upon the first haze and the first clarity, preparing a second adhesive composition that comprises the optically clear adhesive matrix, the first particles, and second particles dispersed in the optically clear adhesive matrix. An optically diffusive adhesive comprises first and second particles dispersed in an optically clear adhesive matrix is also disclosed. The first and second particles have a higher refractive index than the optically clear adhesive matrix. Articles comprising the optically diffusive adhesive are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (1) a process for producing a water dispersion for ink-jet printing containing colorant-containing polymer particles which includes a step I of obtaining a dispersion of colorant-containing polymer particles; a step II of obtaining a water dispersion of the colorant-containing polymer particles from the dispersion obtained in the step I; a step III of mixing the water dispersion obtained in the step II with an organic solvent (B) to suitably control a relative dielectric constant of a mixed solvent in the resultant dispersion, thereby precipitating the colorant-containing polymer particles; and a step IV of separating precipitates obtained in the step III from the dispersion and re-dispersing the precipitates in a water-based solvent; (2) a water-based ink for ink-jet printing which is excellent in ejection stability and optical density; (3) a process for purifying a water dispersion for ink-jet printing; and (4) a process for producing a dispersion containing groups of fine p

Abstract: The disclosed is a method for manufacturing polymer composite in which a polymer as a dispersion medium and an additive to be added to the polymer is stirred for mixing in a cavity of a vessel to prepare a polymer composite in which the additive is dispersed in the polymer with a prescribed condition, wherein the stirring for mixing is performed under temperature conditions of not more than the softening temperature of the polymer until the additive is dispersed in the polymer with a prescribed condition, thereby the polymer is forced to lower the molecular weight thereof ephemerally by subjecting at least a part of chemical bonds in the polymer to cleavage, and thereafter the cleaved parts are rejoined.

Abstract: The mixture solvent of dichlorimethane type, the TAC and the plasticizer are supplied into a dissolution tank, and stirred therein with a stirrer to obtain a dispersing solution. The dispersing solution is fed into a storing tank and further stirred therein. Then the dispersing solution is fed by a pump to a heat exchanger for the heating, and thereafter the stirring is made with a static mixer. The temperatures of the dope is measured at many measuring points. On the basis of the temperature distribution, the heat transmission conditions of the heat exchanger are adjusted. Then the dope is fed to a heat exchanger for cooling, to cool to at most the normal boiling point of the dope. Then the mixing is made with a static mixer. Thus the obtained dope is uniform.

Abstract: A method for processing a rubber mixture or compound for tire manufacturing includes the steps of determining variation tolerances with respect to reference values for process parameters, detecting values of the process parameters, comparing detected values of the process parameters with the reference values and the variation tolerances, attributing an evaluation to a semi-finished product depending on compliance or noncompliance of the detected values with the reference values and the variation tolerances, classifying the semi-finished product on a basis of the attributed evaluation, and establishing successive steps for processing the semi-finished product depending on the classification of the semi-finished product. The processing includes at least a mixing cycle and an extrusion cycle for obtaining the semi-finished product. The cycles are controlled by the process parameters detected during execution of the cycles.

Abstract: A polyamide resin pellet for a miniature part, comprising a polyamide resin (A) whose melting point as measured by DSC is in the range of 280 to below 330° C., which has an average volume of 0.001 to 21 mm3, the average volume determined by randomly sampling 50 pellets, measuring the weight and specific gravity of each of the pellets and dividing the weight by the specific gravity. The polyamide resin pellet exhibits low water absorption and is excellent in moldability, mechanical strength characteristics and heat resistance. Further, it has specified average volume, configuration, average diameter and average length, so that, in an injection molding, plasticization is smoothly effected to thereby enable obtaining a molded item or article which exhibits low dispersion of weight and strength and has excellent hue. The polyamide resin pellet is especially suitable for use in a molding material for forming miniature parts for motor vehicles and electrical or electronic equipments.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for predicting polymer latex properties for an emulsion polymer latex based on statistical relationships between the polymer latex properties and process parameters for the emulsion polymerization process.

Abstract: The invention relates to the addition of dyes to aerobically curable adhesive compositions based on free-radically polymerizable compounds. The dyes serve as user-friendly indicators for monitoring the oxygen intake required to trigger the polymerization. The indicator dyes are especially suitable for aerobically adhesive compositions which contain activator systems for forming peroxides upon contact with air. Suitable dyes and indicators are those whose color change in aqueous solution lies within a pH range from 3.0 to 6.5.

Abstract: A rapid process for making transparent tints that match the color and tinting strength of a standard tint. The process involves the use of a faster and more accurate shading technique that utilizes the light transmittance properties of the tints in the wet over the visible spectrum and calculates therefrom the amount of components required to bring the tint within an acceptable match to the standard.

Abstract: A method for processing a rubber mixture or compound for tire manufacturing includes the steps of determining variation tolerances with respect to reference values for process parameters, detecting values of the process parameters, comparing detected values of the process parameters with the reference values and the variation tolerances, attributing an evaluation to a semi-finished product depending on compliance or noncompliance of the detected values with the reference values and the variation tolerances, classifying the semi-finished product on a basis of the attributed evaluation, and establishing successive steps for processing the semi-finished product depending on the classification of the semi-finished product. The processing includes at least a mixing cycle and an extrusion cycle for obtaining the semi-finished product. The cycles are controlled by the process parameters detected during execution of the cycles.

Abstract: In a process for manufacturing a tyre compound comprising a polymer base, silica and a silica-binding agent, in a batch mixing device, a blend comprising the materials mentioned is processed together with various ingredients, while continuously checking that the curves for the power supplied, the energy absorbed and the temperature inside the mixer are within a range of predetermined values, so as to avoid or at least substantially reduce the systematic checks on the final compound, preliminary to giving clearance for the reproduction of the product and the process. The process also involves controlling the power and temperature curves by means of adjusting the number of rotations of the rotors and the movements of a piston, which is included in the device, in one direction or in the opposite direction against the blend being processed, so as to keep the process parameters for the blend within defined ranges of values.

Abstract: An epoxy coating base composition and a color system of tinting the composition are provided in which a single base formulation of epoxy coating material can be combined with selected amounts of tinting compositions from one or more tinting sources to provide a selectively colored high solids epoxy coating composition. The base compositions include an uncured epoxy resin. White, light colored or neutral pigments are advantageously added to the resin. Wetting agents and other additives are also advantageously added. To this, colored pigments can be added as desired to provide a colored composition in a rainbow of colors, based on red, yellow and blue and also black and varied gray tones.

Abstract: A process for producing a toner. The process has the steps of dispersing a fine-particle colorant in a liquid monomer mixture containing at least a liquid polymerizable monomer, dispersing the resulting colorant-dispersed liquid monomer mixture in an aqueous dispersion medium to form particles of a polymerizable monomer composition, and polymerizing polymerizable monomers present in the particles in the aqueous dispersion medium to form toner particles. In the dispersion step, a media particle agitation type wet-dispersion machine is used as a dispersion means. The dispersion machine has a cylindrical vessel having a first wall surface having a liquid-feed opening and a second wall surface having a liquid-discharge opening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a polyurethane lens, which comprises the step (a) of providing a polyisocyanate compound and two or more polythiol compounds which have different reaction rates with the polyisocyanate compound and adding an alkyltin halide compound to the above polyisocyanate compound, and, after the step (a), the step (b) of mixing the polyisocyanate compound and the two or more polythiol compounds together with the alkyltin halide compound of the general formula (I) to allow them to react, and obtaining a polyurethane lens.

Abstract: A process is described for making substantially homogeneous copolymers comprising 20-99% of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and 1-80% of N-3,3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, (DMAPMA), preferably 50-95% VP and 5-50% DMAPMA, and, most preferably, about 80:20, by weight, having a weight average molecular weight of about 200,000 to 1,500,000, as a clear, low viscosity aqueous solution of the homogeneous copolymer, at a 5-20% solids level, preferably about 10-15%, by weight of the solution, having a viscosity of about 5,000 to 80,000 cps, preferably about 10,000 to 70,000 cps. The solution obtained herein has lower viscosity and better clarity, and provides hair care products with enhanced curl retention (hold), when compared to non-homogeneous copolymers of the same composition, or related existing commercial products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a polyurethane lens, which comprisesthe step (a) of providing a polyisocyanate compound and two or more polythiol compounds which have different reaction rates with the polyisocyanate compound and adding an alkyltin halide compound to the above polyisocyanate compound, and, after the step (a),the step (b) of mixing the polyisocyanate compound and the two or more polythiol compounds together with the alkyltin halide compound of the general formula (I) to allow them to react, and obtaining a polyurethane lens.

Abstract: A system for controlling the color of compounded polymer(s) comprises: a compounder for mixing the constituents of the compounded polymer(s) to produce a substantially homogeneous mixture; a sensor for measuring the color of the substantially homogeneous mixture at predetermined intervals; a colorant additive feeder, responsive to a controller, for providing the colorant additive(s) to the mixture at substantially predetermined colorant additive addition rates; and a controller, responsive to the sensor, for controlling the colorant additive addition rate(s) of the feeder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a polyurethane lens, which comprises the step (a) of providing a polyisocyanate compound and two or more polythiol compounds which have different reaction rates with the polyisocyanate compound and adding an alkyltin halide compound to the above polyisocyanate compound, and, after the step (a), the step (b) of mixing the polyisocyanate compound and the two or more polythiol compounds together with the alkyltin halide compound of the general formula (I) to allow them to react, and obtaining a polyurethane lens.

Abstract: A system for controlling the color of compounded polymer(s) comprises: a compounder for mixing the constituents of the compounded polymer(s) to produce a substantially homogeneous mixture; a sensor for measuring the color of the substantially homogeneous mixture at predetermined intervals; a colorant additive feeder, responsive to a controller, for providing the colorant additive(s) to the mixture at substantially predetermined colorant additive addition rates; and a controller, responsive to the sensor, for controlling the colorant additive addition rate(s) of the feeder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to copolymers which are particularly suitable in coating compositions which are sprayed with compressed fluids which act as viscosity reducing diluents.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for on-line determination and control of the Flow Behavior Index of a molten polymer stream are disclosed along with methods for using the Index as a means for monitoring and controlling polymer quality. In particular, the Index may be used to monitor and control on-line the levels of branching in the polymer and the polymer's molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a vulcanizable rubber formulation of controlled uniform viscosity properties containing synthetic rubber comprises the steps of determining the Mooney viscosity, MV.sub.a, of the synthetic rubber from which the formulation is to be prepared; determining the relaxation time, T.sub.80, of the synthetic rubber from which the formulation is to be prepared; calculating from MV.sub.a and T.sub.80 the Mooney viscosity, MV.sub.b, of the compounded rubber formulation; selecting synthetic rubber having MV.sub.a and T.sub.80 values within a predetermined range of values calculated to produce a compounded rubber formulation, the MV.sub.b of which is within a desired, preselected uniform range; and, compounding the selected synthetic rubber with carbon black and other conventional rubber compounding agents to produce the rubber formulation of MV.sub.b within the predetermined range of values. A method is also provided for predicting the Mooney viscosity MV.sub.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing pulverulent coating compositions pigmented with titanium dioxide and based on polyamides having at least ten aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group using the precipitation method. The titanium dioxide pigments used are without nucleating effects or only have weak nucleating effects on the polyamide precipitation. The pigments have nucleating effects less than or equal to 3.degree. C. where .DELTA.T=(T.sub.max p)-(T.sub.o). T.sub.max p is the maximum temperature at which precipitation takes place in a solution of polyamide having pigment therein and T.sub.o is the maximum temperature at which precipitation takes place in polyamide solution having no pigment therein.

Abstract: The method of continuously operating a counter-flow washing column which is supplied with a slurry of solid polymer particles in a diluent from a continuous polymerization zone and with washing liquid for extracting wash slurry and introducing it into a heat tube to separate the vapor of the washing liquid and the solid polymer particles.The improvement involves controlling the extraction amount of the wash slurry from the column by means of:(i) controlling the quantity of heat added to the heat tube, and further(ii) controlling the amount of liquid to be separately introduced into the heat tube,said controls (i) and (ii) being determined by monitoring the amount of the slurry in the last one of reaction cells in the continuous polymerization zone and, on the basis of the monitored amount, determining the amount of extracted slurry.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of additives in a compounding process by measuring the capacitance and dissipation factor (tan.delta.) of the mixture and converting such values to the concentrations of the additives. This method may also be utilized to determine the concentration of the polymers in the mixture. This method is preferably applied to a compounding process of blending polyphenylene oxide and polystyrene thermoplastic resins and is preferably applied to a continuous compounding process of these resins to determine therein the concentration of an aryl phosphate ester flame retardant.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of ingredients and other process variables in a polymerization process by measuring the capacitance and dissipation factor of the mixture and determining its dielectric constant at various stages of the process. By the use of an automatic capacitance bridge and a computer, the process variables can be determined and controlled in a matter of seconds.

Abstract: An expeditious method has been found for measuring the concentration of particles found in a polymer composition such as in wire and cable jackets. This procedure involves dissolving the polymer composition in a suitable solvent so that the particles form a dispersion in the solvent. The concentration of these particles in the solvent is then measured through transmission spectroscopy and this value is related to the concentration of the particles present in the original polymer body.

Abstract: Reinforced polymer compositions comprising a minor effective amount of a particulate metal reinforcing agent are provided. A preferred particulate metal reinforcing agent preferably comprises a plurality of discrete particles, each further comprising nickel, chromium and titanium carbide. Polymer compositions adapted to undergo a color change when subjected to a particular thermal history for a particular time interval are also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for controlling liquid levels in different vessels, and the blending of different materials in the separation and purification of polymeric materials in solution, such as polyethylene in cyclohexane.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process is disclosed for controlled mixing of a mixable material in a high intensity mixer. The system enables instantaneous, precise and continual monitoring of a batch in a high intensity mixer which heretofore could not be achieved. The process comprises the steps of feeding a batch of material into a high intensity mixer, agitating the batch in the mixer, monitoring batch temperature separately from mixer temperature and discharging the batch from the mixer when the batch temperature reaches a final predetermined level. The apparatus includes means for monitoring batch temperature in a high intensity mixer separately from mixer temperature, and means responsive to the batch temperature to discharge the batch when the batch temperature reaches a final predetermined level.