Abstract: Some embodiments relate to a powder paint thermosetting binder composition that is solvent-free and includes at least one hardener and one cross-linking catalyst, and a first epoxy resin or a functionalized resin having at least one epoxy group. The resin has an epoxy equivalent weight of between 250 and 800 g/eq and a glass transition temperature of between 35 and 80° C. A binder composition of this kind has a polymerization starting temperature of 80° C. and a gel time of between 35 s and 140 s at 180° C. Some embodiments also relate to a paint composition containing a thermosetting binder composition of this kind, at least one pigment and, optionally, in addition a leveling agent and inorganic or organic fillers.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a mixture, comprising a mixing step for mixing a slurry prepared by dispersing a filler containing carbon black and a rubber liquid prepared by dispersing or the like a rubber component. In the above producing method, the carbon black contained in the slurry has a surface average acidic functional group amount (?eq/m2) of 0.40 or more and less than 3.

Abstract: Methods to make a silica elastomer composite with a destabilized dispersion of a never-dried, or as-produced, precipitated silica are described, along with silica elastomer composites made from the methods. The advantages achieved with the methods are further described.

Abstract: An apparatus, and relative method, for producing a semi-finished product with a strip of sealing compound for building tires, having at least one unsaturated styrene thermoplastic elastomer, one bonding resin and one cross-linking agent are described.

Abstract: Organopolysiloxane compositions are prepared with high throughput and less process time, by a process in which organopolysiloxanes, processing aids and fillers are mixed and kneaded in the presence of water to give raw mixtures and the raw mixtures are subsequently devolatilized and freed of water in a heating and devolatilizing step at temperatures in the range from 100° C. to 250° C.

Abstract: Methods to make a silica and carbon black elastomer composite with a destabilized dispersion that includes silica are described, along with particle reinforced elastomer composites made from the methods. The advantages achieved with the methods are further described.

Abstract: Methods to make a silica elastomer composite with a destabilized dispersion of silica are described, along with silica elastomer composites made from the methods. The advantages achieved with the methods are further described.

Abstract: Methods to make a silica elastomer composite with a destabilized dispersion of a never-dried, or as-produced, precipitated silica are described, along with silica elastomer composites made from the methods. The advantages achieved with the methods are further described.

Abstract: An elastomer composite with silica-containing filler is described, along with methods to make the same. The advantages achieved with the elastomer composite and methods are further described.

Abstract: An elastomer composite with silica-containing filler is described, along with methods to make the same. The advantages achieved with the elastomer composite and methods are further described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing aqueous dispersions of thermoplastic polymers which have a plurality of ester groups and/or carbonate groups in the main polymer chain and which have an acid number of less than 5 mg KOH/g, in particular at most 3 mg KOH/g, and which have a zero-shear viscosity ?0 (180° C.) of at least 60 Pa·s at 180° C. The invention also relates to the polymer dispersions obtainable by said process, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a dispersion which includes a dispersion medium and particles dispersed therein, the method includes bringing at least two types of liquids into contact with each other to form a reaction product comprising the particles, wherein the liquids are ejected from respective nozzles to be brought into contact with each other and then to flow in an integrated manner while forming a spiral flow.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a plurality of prepaints which are used in any combination to produce base paints and/or colored paints of varying end-use application characteristics. Additionally, a mobile paint factory for producing a plurality of lines of architectural coatings from a plurality of prepaints en route to and/or at various locations is disclosed. The mobile paint factory may include a vehicle having a paint production system and a paint mixer located thereon. Furthermore, a method of producing a plurality of lines of user-selected architectural coatings from a plurality of prepaints en route to and/or at various locations is disclosed. The method may include: providing a mobile paint factory; prompting a user to select through the paint production system an interior or exterior application environment, a paint sheen, and a paint quality; automatically dispensing predetermined amounts of appropriate prepaints; and agitating the dispensed prepaints.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a plurality of prepaints which are used in any combination to produce base paints and/or colored paints of varying end-use application characteristics. Additionally, a mobile-paint factory for producing a plurality of lines of architectural coatings from a plurality of prepaints en route to and/or at various locations is disclosed. The mobile paint factory may include a vehicle having a paint production system and a paint mixer located thereon. Furthermore, a method of producing a plurality of lines of user-selected architectural coatings from a plurality of prepaints en route to and/or at various locations is disclosed. The method may include: providing a mobile paint factory; prompting a user to select through the paint production system an interior or exterior application environment, a paint sheen, and a paint quality; automatically dispensing predetermined amounts of appropriate prepaints; and agitating the dispensed prepaints.

Abstract: Elastomer composites are produced by novel continuous flow methods and apparatus in which fluid streams of particulate filler and elastomer latex are fed to the mixing zone of a coagulum reactor to form a mixture in semi-confined flow continuously from the mixing zone through a coagulum zone to a discharge end of the reactor. The particulate filler fluid is fed under high pressure to the mixing zone, such as to form a jet stream to entrain elastomer latex fluid sufficiently energetically to substantially completely coagulate the elastomer with the particulate filler prior to the discharge end. Highly efficient and effective elastomer coagulation is achieved without the need for a coagulation step involving exposure to acid or salt solution or the like. Novel elastomer composites are produced. Such novel elastomer composites may be cured or uncured, and combine material properties, such as choice of filler, elastomer, level of filler loading, and macro-dispersion, not previously achieved.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of an aqueous polyurethane dispersion based on at least one aliphatic and/or aromatic polyisocyanate is described, which is characterised by the following steps: a) production of an aqueous pre-emulsion by mixing a polyurethane prepolymer containing hydrophilic and/or potentially hydrophilic groups with water in a mixing nozzle, wherein the polyurethane prepolymer is injected into the water; b) formation of an emulsion by homogenization of the pre-emulsion from step a) in a multi-step homogenizing nozzle. Paint films containing the aqueous polyurethane dispersion produced by the process can be used to coat substrates.

Abstract: A polymeric material is produced by atomizing into droplets a composition containing addition-polymerizable material and reacting the addition polymerizable material in the droplets to produce the particulate product. The polymeric product may be, for example, a powder coating composition.

Abstract: A method for processing a solution of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in a solvent other than water, which involves continuously substituting a part of the solvent in the solution with water to produce a high-concentration ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer solution without gelling, whereby an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer solution is fed into a column vessel selected from a plate column and a packed column, and a part of the solvent in the solution is substituted with water in the column vessel.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing high concentration polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aqueous mixtures, wherein the PVA solid concentration is at least 14% in the mixture.

Abstract: An optical nanocomposite material has a nanoparticulate filler dispersed in a host plastic material. According to the method of making the nanocomposite material, a predetermined temperature sensitive optical vector, such as refractive index, of the plastic host material and nanoparticulate filler are directionally opposed resulting in a nanocomposite material having significantly improved stability of the refractive index with respect to temperature.

Abstract: A polymer make-down system comprising: a mixing pump; a water source for providing a first quantity of water to piping at a suction end of the mixing pump; and a polymer source for providing a first quantity of polymer to piping at the suction end of the mixing pump; wherein the system is configured such that, after the first quantities of water and polymer have been mixed, a second quantity of water is provided so as to flush the mixture of the first quantities of water and polymer from the system. In another embodiment, the system further comprises a polymer check valve between the polymer source and the suction end of the mixing pump, wherein the polymer check valve is configured to prevent a flow of water to the polymer source. In another embodiment, the system further comprises recirculation piping coupled to piping at a discharge end of the mixing pump and to piping at an outlet end of the polymer check valve, wherein the recirculation piping is configured to be flushed by the second quantity of water.

Abstract: A process for continuous preparation of filler-containing rubber powders including mixing a filler suspension and rubber latex in the liquid phase. The liquid mixture is passed through a tube, at least a coagulant is added to the tube and filler-containing rubber particles are precipitated. The liquid mixture is passed through at least one throttle position of variable throttle cross-section provided in the tube. The throttle cross-section is adjusted so that the drop in pressure in the liquid mixture achieved across the throttle position is greater than 0.5 bar.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polymer feed system and a method of using the same wherein clogging of the polymer input line is avoided by the use of air to purge the system of any unwanted polymer or electrolyte. The purging avoids the contact of the water with the polymer and the build-up of unwanted activated polymer and clogging in the supply and in the subsequent conduits.

Abstract: At least one single-stage or multistage stirrer which produces not only a tangential flow component but also an axial flow field is used in a stirred-vessel reactor in connection with the preparation of polymers by liquid phase polymerization.

Abstract: A method for producing a pressure sensitive adhesive composition includes at least one elastomer that produces a substantially homogeneous pressure sensitive adhesive composition. The method is particularly well suited for relatively high throughput continuous compounding rates, e.g., at a throughput rate of more than about 5.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerization of a monomeric composition to produce a polymer or a polymer composition is disclosed which method comprises the steps of retaining a disperse phase component composed of the monomeric composition and a continuous phase component composed of a medium in independent vessels, supplying the disperse phase component and the continuous phase component from their respective vessels into a disperser simultaneously and continuously through associated independent passageways, applying shear force in the disperser to form a dispersion having droplets of a desired size, subsequently introducing the dispersion into a polymerization vessel, and completing a polymerizating reaction to produce a polymer or a polymer composition.

Abstract: A process and a high pressure apparatus are disclosed which are useful in preparing magnetic dispersions and other dispersions of hard, non-compliant particulates. The apparatus can be monitored for clogs and wear and allows for relatively quick and inexpensive replacement of orifices. The apparatus includes a high pressure pump and a series of impingement chambers comprising an input manifold where the process stream is split into two or more streams and an output manifold where the streams are recombined after passing through restrictive orifices configured in such a manner that the streams impinge on each other at high velocities. The orifices in each succeeding impingement zone are the same size or smaller than the orifices in the preceding impingement zone, and the orifices in the final impingement zone must be smaller than the orifices in the first impingement zone.

Abstract: Elastomeric compositions are produced by novel continuous flow methods and apparatus in which fluid streams of particulate filler and elastomer latex are fed to the mixing zone of a coagulum reactor to form a mixture flowing continuously from the mixing zone through a coagulum zone to a discharge end of the reactor. The particulate filler fluid is fed under high pressure to the mixing zone, such as to form a jet stream to entrain elastomer latex fluid sufficiently energetically to substantially completely coagulate the elastomer with the particulate filler prior to the discharge end. Semi-confined flow of the mixture in the coagulum zone is achieved preferably with progressively increasing cross-sectional dimension of the coagulum zone from the mixing zone to the discharge end. Highly efficient and effective elastomer coagulation can be achieved without the need for a coagulation step involving exposure to acid or salt solution or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transparent coating compositions containing a binder and 0.5 to 25 wt. %, based on resin solids, of a material consisting of nanoscale primary particles obtained by jet dispersion of the nanoscale particles in the coating composition. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of these transparent coating compositions containing nanoscale particles by passing the coating compositions containing nanoscale primary particles and a binder in at least one pass through an apparatus which has at least one nozzle or at least one slit having a bore diameter or slit width of 0.05 to 1 mm and a length to diameter ratio of the bore or a depth to slit width ratio of the slit of 1 to 10, wherein there is a pressure differential between the nozzle inlet and outlet of at least 0.5, preferably of 1 MPa.

Abstract: A composition comprising the hydrosilylation addition product of a linear alkenyl functionalized polyorganosiloxane and an M.sup.H Q resin and a low molecular weight silicone when subjected to a new particle size reduction process that includes flow induced shearing provides for components in personal care formulations that have improved spreadability and substance as a consequence of a unique particle size distribution.

Abstract: A composition comprising the hydrosilylation addition product of a linear alkenyl functionalized polyorganosiloxane and an M.sup.H Q resin and a low molecular weight silicone when subjected to a new particle size reduction process that includes flow induced shearing provides for components in personal care formulations that have improved spreadability and substance as a consequence of a unique particle size distribution.

Abstract: The latex is treated by passage through a heat exchanger consisting of a closed chamber 1 divided into two distinct superposed parts, the unobstructed upper part 3 being placed under reduced pressure and communicating with a plant for recovery of the residual monomer or monomers, and the lower part 4 being equipped with a partitioning 9 bounding two separate extended and adjoining circuits 10 and 11, one of the circuits 10 being traversed by the latex to be treated and being maintained in communication, via its top and over its entire path, with the upper part 3 of the chamber, and the other circuit 11, isolated from the upper part 3 of the chamber, being traversed by a heat-transfer fluid maintained at a temperature of 40 to 100.degree. C.Preferably, the two circuits 10 and 11 are bounded by a partitioning 9 arranged in the form of a double spiral.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a composition containing a thickening agent which is adversely affected by the increasing ionic strength of the composition, by blanketing the solution in a vessel with a sufficient amount of gas capable of diluting or displacing the atmospheric air in the headspace of the vessel.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a silicone elastomer composition for cosmetic products which includes the steps of feeding the silicone elastomer composition comprising a silicone rubber in a carrier fluid into a reactor, mixing the composition in the reactor, delivering the composition from the reactor into a high pressure pump, pumping the fluid into a device for reducing particles of rubber into smaller sizes and recirculating the resultant size reduced particles back to the reactor. The device for reducing particle size is preferably a high pressure fed homogenizer, most advantageously a sonolator.

Abstract: A process and a high pressure apparatus are disclosed which are useful in preparing magnetic dispersions and other dispersions of hard, non-compliant particulates. The apparatus can be monitored for clogs and wear and allows for relatively quick and inexpensive replacement of orifices. The apparatus includes a high pressure pump and a series of impingement chambers comprising an input manifold where the process stream is split into two or more streams and an output manifold where the streams are recombined after passing through restrictive orifices configured in such a manner that the streams impinge on each other at high velocities. The orifices in each succeeding impingement zone are the same size or smaller than the orifices in the preceding impingement zone, and the orifices in the final impingement zone must be smaller than the orifices in the first impingement zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a modified polymer by reaction between a reactive polymer and at least a compound containing two or more functional groups. The polymer, which is solid at room temperature, is mixed, at a temperature at which the viscosity of the polymer is lower than 10000 dPas (measured according to Emila), with a compound containing two or more functional groups in a mixing means for achieving a homogeneous product and the mean residence time and the residence time distribution being chosen so that more than 50% of the reactive groups of the polymer has reacted.As means to make the composition homogeneous use is made of a static mixer.The functional groups of the compound containing two or more functional groups have different reactivities.The invention also relates to a binder composition, which comprises the modified polymer thus obtained and a crosslinker.

Abstract: Loaded latex dispersions of hydrophobic photographically useful compounds with a wide variety of polymer latices are prepared by preparing an oil phase solution of the hydrophobic compound or compounds, preferably essentially free of water-miscible or volatile solvent, combining the oil solution with one or more aqueous solutions, at least one of which contains a polymer latex, and mixing the combination of oil solution, aqueous solution and latex under high shear or turbulence sufficient to cause loading of the photographically useful compound into the dispersed polymer latex wherein the pH of the mixture does not need to be significantly changed.

Abstract: A solvent-free hot melt process, for preparing a non-thermosettable, pressure-sensitive adhesive from a tackified non-thermoplastic hydrocarbon elastomer. The process employs a continuous compounding device that has a sequence of alternating conveying and processing zones. The processing zones masticate and mix materials in them. Non-thermoplastic elastomers having high molecular weight may be readily compounded into adhesives in the process.

Abstract: A solvent-free hot melt process, for preparing a non-thermosettable, pressure-sensitive adhesive from a tackified non-thermoplastic hydrocarbon elastomer. The process employs a continuous compounding device that has a sequence of alternating conveying and processing zones. The processing zones masticate and mix materials in them. Non-thermoplastic elastomers having high molecular weight may be readily compounded into adhesives in the process.

Abstract: A carboxyvinyl polymer having Newtonian viscosity, ophthalmic preparations containing the polymer, a process for preparing the polymer, and a vehicle for ophthalmic preparations containing the polymer. By using the polymer in a vehicle, an ophthalmic preparation having a low viscosity and a desirable permeability of a drug can be obtained.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of hydrating a particulated polymer and producing a well treatment gel includes a mixer for spraying the polymer with water at a substantially constant water velocity and at a substantially constant water spray pattern at all flow rates of the water. A centrifugal diffuser is connected to the mixer for receiving the mixture, centrifugally diffusing the motive energy of the mixture, and hydrating the mixture into a gel. A centrifugal separator and constant velocity jet pump may be connected between the mixer and the centrifugal diffuser. A dilution valve is connected to the discharge of the centrifugal diffuser for mixing water with the gel at a substantially constant mixing energy at all flow rates of the gel and producing a diluted gel. A viscometer may be connected to the discharge of the dilution valve for measuring the viscosity of the diluted gel and regulating the flow of gel from the centrifugal diffuser to the dilution valve in order to control the viscosity of the diluted gel.

Abstract: Polymer activation apparatus for activating a batch of dry polymer in dilution water includes a tank which contains the dilution water in a mixing vessel and a mixing assembly within the mixing vessel. The dilution water is circulated at a high rate through the mixing assembly to create a high shear flow condition within the mixing assembly. The polymer is introduced into the mixing assembly to disperse the polymer in the dilution water and form a slurry in the vessel without causing agglomeration of the dry polymer. After dispersion and before hydration of the polymer, the rate of circulation through the mixing assembly is reduced to create a low shear flow condition. The low shear condition is maintained as the viscosity of the solution increases.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a polyester masterbatch containing finely divided solid additives in homogenous and agglomerate-free distribution, through the mixing, within a homogenizing extruder, of the powdery additive into the polyester, whereby, separately from the addition of the additive, small quantities of a diol are additionally fed into the extruder.

Abstract: High molecular weight polymer that can form a viscous aqueous solution is chemically modified by mixing the previously formed polymer (as a powder, reverse phase dispersion or oil-in-water emulsion) with water and the reagent for effecting the chemical modification so as to form a viscous aqueous mixture having a viscosity of at least 1OOO cps (Brookfield RVT) and then feeding this mixture as intermittent batches into one end of a tower through which it moves with substantially plug flow and from which it is withdrawn, at the end of the reaction, as intermittent batches. The apparatus for this purpose is also novel.

Abstract: This invention concerns a method for precipitating polymers from a liquid using at least one precipitant fluid, including a feed line, a nozzle plate having at least one outlet orifice for a polymer containing fluid with the outlet orifice communicating with the feed line, at least one nozzle for at least one precipitant fluid, the axis of which is arranged approximately perpendicularly to the axis of the outlet orifice, a precipitation chamber positioned on the side of the nozzle plate wherein at least one nozzle for at least one precipitant fluid is located, a discharge line for discharging a mixture which contains the precipitated polymer and a degassing chamber which is connected to the discharge line.

Abstract: High strength material composite structures are formed with oriented fibers to provide controlled anisotropic fibers. Fibers suspended in non-dilute concentrations (e.g., up to 20 volume percent for fibers having an aspect ratio of 20) in a selected medium are oriented by moving an axially spaced array of elements in the direction of desired fiber alignment. The array elements are generally perpendicular to the desired orientation. The suspension medium may also include sphere-like particles where the resulting material is a ceramic.

Abstract: In concentrating polymer solutions up to a desired specification level of residual solvents, encrustations can be prevented and the yield and the degree of purity can be increased, when the product is heated up under pressure, expanded through a restrictor element (3) with vapor formation into a first, preferably coiled flow pipe (7) and concentrated therein as far as possible, the mixture of vapors and polymer solution is whirled at an angle into a second flow pipe (9) in a sloping arrangement and fitted with self-cleaning elements (11, 12) and concentrated therein up to the desired level, and vapors and concentrate are separately discharged only downstream thereof.

Abstract: Polymer activation apparatus for activating a liquid polymer emulsion in dilution water includes a first processing zone in which the polymer solution is subjected to a high mean shear rate for a predetermined period of time, and a second processing zone in which the polymer solution is subjected to a low mean shear rate for a longer period of time. The shear rates and residence times in the zones are selected to produce maximum activation in less total processing and aging time than that required in known apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for diluting and activating polymer molecules includes primary polymer dilution and activation apparatus, secondary dilution apparatus, and apparatus for diverting a desired amount of dilution water around the primary dilution and activation apparatus to the secondary dilution apparatus. The primary dilution and activation apparatus includes a cylindrical first processing zone in which the polymer and dilution water are initially mixed. The first processing zone subjects the polymer molecules to relatively high shear conditions for a relatively short period of time, after which the solution passes into a second cylindrical or annular processing zone in which the solution is subjected to continuously decreasing shear forces over a longer period of time. When the solution leaves the primary activation apparatus, it flows into the secondary activation apparatus, which is a static mixer.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the rapid dissolution of water-soluble polymers in water, in that water in a finely divided state is introduced under pressure into the prepared finely divided polymer. The water-soluble polymer can be in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion or the form of a powder-in-oil suspension; the water is preferably introduced under pressure through a nozzle and tangentially to the surface of the prepared polymer.