Abstract: An apparatus for heat-treating a toner includes a raw-material supply unit configured to supply a toner treatment space with a raw-material toner, a hot-air supply unit configured to heat-treat the raw-material toner in the toner treatment space, a suction and ejection unit configured to eject hot air used for the heat treatment of the raw-material toner, and a waste-heat recovery and supply unit configured to recover heat from the hot air ejected by the suction and ejection unit and supply the hot-air supply unit with the recovered heat.

Abstract: A method of producing an elastomer composite. The method includes A) combining a first fluid comprising elastomer latex with a second fluid comprising particulate filler; B) causing the elastomer latex to coagulate, thereby forming masterbatch crumb; C) bringing the masterbatch crumb to a water content of about 1 weight percent to about 20 weight percent, thereby forming a dewatered coagulum; D) removing water from the dewatered coagulum by subjecting the dewatered coagulum to mechanical energy, thereby causing the dewatered coagulum to heat as a result of friction, while allowing the dewatered coagulum to achieve a temperature of about 130° C. to about 190° C., wherein water content is reduced to about 0.5% to about 3% and wherein substantially all of the decrease in water content is accomplished by evaporation, thereby producing a masticated masterbatch; and E) subjecting the masticated masterbatch to at least an additional 0.3 MJ/kg of mechanical energy while further reducing the water content.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a rubber composition comprising various constituents, such as base elastomers, reinforcing fillers, additives and a vulcanization system, during which the following stages are carried out: A—using a continuous mixing device, a starting rubber composition comprising the reinforcing fillers and optionally other components, with the exception of the crosslinking system, is produced, the operating parameters for the continuous mixing device being chosen so that: a—the residence time of the elastomer in the mixing chamber is between 20 and 60 seconds, b—the specific energy conferred on the rubber composition is between 2000 joules/gram and 5000 joules/gram, B—at the outlet for the starting rubber composition from the mixing chamber, the temperature of the said starting rubber composition is lowered to a temperature of less than 140° C. in less than 5 minutes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of a mixture of styrenated p-cresol species that is liquid at room temperature and has a viscosity of less than 40,000 cps at 25° C., wherein said process affords 2,6-distyrenated p-cresol assaying at 70% minimum by GC area percent, comprising reacting styrene with p-cresol at a molar ratio of 1.85 to 2.1:1, respectively, in the presence of an acid catalyst at elevated temperature, wherein said mixture comprises monostyrenated-p-cresol, distyrenated-p-cresol, and tristyrenated-p-cresol and exhibits an acid number of less than 0.1 mg KOH/gram.

Abstract: The present invention provides an isocyanate group terminated prepolymer aqueous dispersion (A) that is composed of water and an isocyanate group terminated prepolymer (a) dispersed in the water, whose content in the (A) is in a range of 60 wt % to 85 wt %, wherein the (A) optionally contains a-surfactant in a range of 0 wt % to 10 wt % based on a weight of the (a), and a solvent in a range of 0 ppm to 5,000 ppm based on the weight of the (a). The present invention also provides a polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion (B) that is composed of a polyurethane resin (b), whose content in the (B) is in a range of 20 wt % to 65 wt %, wherein the (b) is obtained by a chain extension reaction of the (A). The present invention is capable of providing a polyurethane resin aqueous dispersion having excellent storage stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions of blocked (poly)isocyanates, this process comprising the steps consisting successively in: a) placing an isocyanate composition containing free isocyanate functions in contact with at least one blocking agent A in the presence of a surfactant B and an aqueous phase, the said isocyanate composition being added gradually to a stock containing at least some of the aqueous phase and at least some of the blocking agent; and optionally, b) subjecting the mixture obtained to a shear (speed gradient) of greater than 1000 s?1, preferably greater than 20,000 s?1 and less than 1,000,000 s?1, preferably less than 200,000 s?1, and c) repeating step b), optionally after step a) has been repeated, until a stable emulsion is obtained whose particles have a Sauter diameter of greater than 0.1 ?m, preferably 0.2 ?m, and less than 5 ?m, preferably less than 2 ?m, and a dispersion width of less than 5 ?m.

Abstract: A process which comprises subjecting a mixture of a polymer, a conductive component and an additive to an energy of from about 1 to about 20 kilowatt hours per kilogram and an intensity of from about 20 to about 90 kilowatts per kilogram.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for preparing a treated blend which contains pigment material dispersed in a continuous phase of water and a polyester material. The invention also concerns compositions prepared from such process. The polyester material of the treated blend is linear, contains a sulfomonomer, and has an average particle size of less than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: Polymer activation apparatus for activating a liquid polymer emulsion in dilution water includes a first processing zone in which the polymer solution is subjected to a high mean shear rate for a predetermined period of time, and a second processing zone in which the polymer solution is subjected to a low mean shear rate for a longer period of time. The shear rates and residence times in the zones are selected to produce maximum activation in less total processing and aging time than that required in known apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for preparing a treated blend which contains pigment material dispersed in a continuous phase of water and a polyester material. The invention also concerns compositions prepared from such process. The polyester material of the treated blend is linear, contains a sulfomonomer, and has an average particle size of less than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: Process for the production of a binder modified with synthetic material for building materials, especially street-building material, in which for the formation of the binder, molten bitumen together with a thermoplast or a thermoplast mixture, preferably an olefin polymer, is subjected to a homogenization treatment. To the mixture containing the bitumen and a thermoplast or a thermoplast mixture, there is supplied in the form of kinetic energy an amount of energy corresponding to the difference between the treatment temperature and the disintegration temperature of the thermoplast or thermoplast mixture to form readily reacting molecular fragments of the thermoplast or thermoplast mixture. Preferably, the mixture containing bitumen and the thermoplast or a thermoplast mixture is driven through a narrow gap between two mixing tools standing opposite to one another and rotating relatively to one another.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous process for the production of aqueous polyurethane-urea dispersions by(a) mixing an emulsifiable isocyanate-terminated prepolymer with an aqueous medium in a low shear, stator-rotor dynamic mixer operating at a speed of about 500 to 8000 rpm utilizing a mixing wattage of about 0.3 to 10.0 watts/cubic centimeter and a mixing volume of at least about 0.1 liters, the average residence time of the aqueous medium and the prepolymer being about 1 to 30 seconds and the overall flow rate through the dynamic mixer being at least about 50 kg/h and(b) reacting the dispersed isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared in (a) with a polyamine chain extender to form an aqueous polyurethane-urea dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a continuous process for the production of aqueous polyurethane-urea dispersions by(a) mixing an emulsifiable isocyanate-terminated prepolymer with an aqueous medium in a low shear, stator-rotor dynamic mixer operating at a speed of about 500 to 8000 rpm utilizing a mixing wattage of about 0.3 to 10.0 watts/cubic centimeter and a mixing volume of at least about 0.1 liters, the average residence time of the aqueous medium and the prepolymer being about 1 to 30 seconds and the overall flow rate through the dynamic mixer being at least about 50 kg/h and(b) reacting the dispersed isocyanate-terminated prepolymer prepared in (a) with a polyamine chain extender to form an aqueous polyurethane-urea dispersion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for optimizing the properties of aqueous polymer solutions used for polymer flooding which comprises treating the polymer solutions under turbulent flow conditions in dynamic fluid dispersing or pumping equipment such that the residence time of the polymer solution in this equipment is less than approximately 20 seconds and the pump energy used is from about 1 to about 15 watts/liter of solution processed.This process permits the optimization of flow properties important in polymer flooding which results in the improved efficiency of the polymer flooding process.

Abstract: The specific energy input required to finish resin particles is considerably reduced when the resin particles are passed through a continuous finisher wherein the volume utilization of the finisher is between about 40 volume percent and about 95 volume percent, the tip velocity is between about 500 and 800 inches per second and the superficial mixing intensity exceeds about 0.7 kilowatts per liter.

Abstract: Granulate-form agglomerates of pulverulent rubber chemicals having a maximum primary grain size of 500 .mu.m , an active substance content of at least 90% by weight and an assessment (a) in the intermixing test of at the most 1.5, (b) in the dust proportion test of at the most 10, (c) in the fine material proportion test of at the most 5 and (d) in the falling test of at the most 70, as well as a process for its production characterized in that the pulverulent rubber chemicals of a maximum primary grain size of 500 .mu.m are mixed with a moistening agent and/or a lubricant and are supplied to a double shaft screw granulator with forced conveyance, in which the spacing between the nozzle plate and the vertically cut screw ends is between 0 and 1.6 mm, whereby the compression ratio K.sub.D is between 1:6 and 1:1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of dispersions of optionally cross-linked ethylene-vinyl ester graft polymers wherein an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer is used as graft substrate and a vinyl ester of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 carboxylic acid and/or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl ester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid are used as a graft monomer which is polymerized, optionally together with a cross-linking agent having two or more C--C double bonds, in organic solution until at least 25% by weight of the graft monomer has been reacted, the reaction product is converted into a stable finely divided dispersion by the addition of a precipitating agent under the action of shearing forces and polymerisation is completed before, during or after the formation of the dispersion.