Abstract: A surfactant-free toner process including coalescing by heating in water a coagulant, a polyester resin emulsion, a wax emulsion stabilized with said polyester emulsion and a colorant dispersion stabilized by said polyester emulsion.

Abstract: A process for producing olefin polymer composites having improved melt strength and other improved physical characteristics is provided. The process is a solution process wherein an organically modified clay is intimately incorporated, at low levels and without the use of compatibilizing agents, into an olefin polymer base resin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner comprising generating a latex emulsion of resin, water, and an ionic surfactant, and a colorant dispersion of a surface modified colorant and water, and wherein the latex emulsion is blended with the surface modified colorant dispersion; heating the resulting mixture below or equal to about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin to form aggregates; optionally adding a second latex comprised of submicron resin particles suspended in an aqueous phase resulting in a shell or coating wherein the shell is optionally of from about 0.1 to about 1 micron in thickness, and wherein optionally the shell coating is contained on 100 percent of the aggregates; heating the resulting aggregate suspension above about the Tg of the latex resin; and optionally isolating the toner.

Abstract: A process is provided for making a carbon-filled rubber having a uniform dispersion of nanometric-sized carbon black particles. Fluffy carbon black is received as a slurry in water and added to latex rubber before or during coagulation in an emulsion styrene butadiene rubber plant, or fluffy carbon black is similarly incorporated in rubber using a different type of rubber-manufacturing process. A uniform dispersion of smaller-than-usual carbon black particles in rubber is formed, which provides a black masterbatch rubber with superior mechanical and rheological properties. Ash and grit is removed from the fluffy carbon black slurry, which further improves the properties of the carbon-filled rubber by reducing defects in the rubber caused by the ash or grit.

Abstract: A buoyant silicone rubber compound—and process for preparing same—is disclosed wherein hollow micro spheres are incorporated into the formulation in order to decrease the specific gravity of the compound to less than 1.0. The disclosed compound is prepared by admixing from about 85 to 99 weight percent polydimethyl siloxane with from about 1 to 15 weight percent hollow micro spheres. The micro spheres are selected to have a mean particle diameter of from about 10 to 500 microns. Aquatic gear comprised of the afore-mentioned buoyant silicone rubber exhibiting positive buoyancy/flotation such as ear plugs, swim goggles, dive masks, fins and sun glasses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of coloring thermoplastic olefin resins and pulverizing resin pellets in a single step involving the steps of metering liquid coloring onto resin pellets and then passing the combination of liquid color and resin pellets into a mill blender. The liquid color is metered onto the plastic pellets at a rate of from less than 0.2% to less than 1.0% by weight of the plastic pellets. The mill blender receives the combination of plastic pellets and liquid color and pulverizes the mixture to produce a colored thermoplastic resin powder that is suitable for subsequent processing, such as roto-molding or slush-molding.

Abstract: A process for the production of a colored resin composition, comprising a step (A) of producing an aqueous slurry of a pigment, a step (B) of producing a melting composition of metallocene type polyolefin containing a dispersant and a solvent, a step (C) of kneading the aqueous slurry obtained in the step (A) with the melting composition obtained in the step (B) and a step (D) of removing the solvent and the water from the kneaded mixture obtained in the step (C), a colored composition obtained in the above process has excellent in pigment dispersibility and high color developing properties, a colored resin molded article obtained from the colored resin composition do not give a physical-properties inhibition of 5% or higher and has a color developing properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coloring resin composition comprising a dispersing agent, a pigment and a thermoplastic resin, in which the dispersing agent is expressed by the following Formula 1 and the thermoplastic resin is metallocene polyolefin: CnH2n+1(OCH2CH2)mOH  Formula 1 wherein n is an integer of 26 to 50, and m is an integer of 4 to 100. The composition is useful in coloring molded articles of thermoplastic resin. Colored resin molded articles using the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner by, for example, mixing a latex with a colorant mixture comprised of colorant, an ionic surfactant, and a polytetrafluoroethylene; adding a coagulant; heating the resulting mixture below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin; adding a stabilizer; heating above about the Tg of the latex resin; and isolating the toner.

Abstract: A variety of methods to prepare a polymer composition containing at least one polymer and at least one modified pigment are described. The methods, in part, involve introducing a slurry containing at least one modified pigment into an emulsion or solution polymer prior to dewatering. Other polymer systems can be used including aqueous based polymerizations and solvent-based polymerizations, which can include free radical polymerizations. Other methods involve the formation of a modified pigment in the presence of an emulsion or solution polymer and then recovering the polymer composition containing the modified pigment. Compositions containing at least one modified pigment and the emulsion or solution polymer are also described as well as uses for the polymer compositions of the present invention.

Abstract: There is described a process for producing a particulate composition comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first dispersion comprising first particles stabilized in a first fluid by first species; (b) optionally the step of forming a second dispersion comprising second particles stabilized in a second fluid, miscible with the first fluid, by second species; (c) after (or simultaneously with) the optional step of mixing the first and second dispersions together if the second dispersion was formed from step b); inducing association between the dispersed particles to form clusters; and (d) binding together the particles within the clusters; characterized in that the first and/or second particles comprise at least one polar functional group to facilitate the binding of the particles in step (d).

Abstract: A method for preparing organoclays from smectites for use as rheological control agents and in the preparation of nanocomposites. Typically, the clay is dispersed in water, and a substantially monomolecular layer of a water soluble polymer is applied to the surfaces of the clay. A surfactant is also applied to the clay to modify the surface hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the clay, and the organoclay is separated out for subsequent use.

Abstract: A coating composition for fabrics includes wetted microspheres containing a phase change material dispersed throughout a polymer binder, a surfactant, a dispersant, an antifoam agent and a thickener. Preferred phase change materials include paraffinic hydrocarbons. The microspheres may be microencapsulated. To prepare the coating composition, microspheres containing phase change material are wetted and dispersed in a dispersion in a water solution containing a surfactant, a dispersant, an antifoam agent and a polymer mixture. The coating is then applied to a fabric.

Abstract: Nanocomposites may be produced by mixing dispersions of polymers and dispersions of clay minerals. After mixing, the dispersions may be destabilized with the addition of appropriate compounds. The flocculated solid material exhibits characteristics of a nanocomposite, such as exfoliation of the clay mineral platelets as indicated by x-ray diffraction analysis.

Abstract: A recording sheet is disclosed comprising a substrate, having on at least one side thereon, an ink absorbent layer, said ink absorbent layer comprising alumina sol, at least one gelling agent, at least one cyclodextrin compound, and optionally, at least one binder. The ink absorbent layer may further comprise at least one viscosity, modifying compound and at least one gloss enhancing compound. The recording sheet of the present invention provides enhanced lightfastness properties.

Abstract: A method of forming, by polymerization in an aqueous dispersion at pressures in excess of one atmosphere, a plurality of porous particles having at least one polymeric phase and, additionally, having a pore filling phase containing a fugitive substance is disclosed. Replacement of the fugitive substance with a gas is further disclosed. Gas-filled porous particles and their aqueous dispersions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A ceramic slurry composition is obtained by mixing a ceramic raw material powder, a water-soluble acrylic binder and water, wherein the water-soluble acrylic binder has a weight average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to 500,000, and has an inertial square radius of not more than about 100 nm in water. The ceramic slurry composition can have a low viscosity as well as good dispersion characteristics for the ceramic raw material powder, good flow characteristics and good form characteristics, and can provide ceramic green sheets having a high density and excellent drying characteristics, by decreasing the solution viscosity, without decreasing the molecular weight of the water-soluble acrylic binder containing a hydrophobic component.

Abstract: The plastics additives powder compositions of the present invention are provided as powder particles having impact modifier particles and processing aid particles which are coagulated and dried. When blended in thermoplastic resins, such as PVC, the subject plastics additives powders both increase the impact strength and improve process efficiency and melt strength. The impact and processing properties achieved by the present invention are more efficient than using separate impact modifier and processing aid powders. The method of preparing the powder compositions of the present invention also enable impact modifier particles having rubber weight fractions greater than 88% to be isolated as free-flowing powders.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a polymer feed system and a method of using the same wherein clogging of the polymer input line is avoided by the use of air to purge the system of any unwanted polymer or electrolyte. The purging avoids the contact of the water with the polymer and the build-up of unwanted activated polymer and clogging in the supply and in the subsequent conduits.

Abstract: Polymeric powders of small particle size and size distribution and of irregular morphology are prepared by a limited coalescence procedure wherein a polymer in an organic solvent is dispersed by high shear agitation in an aqueous phase containing colloidal stabilizer particles having opposite electrostatic charges. The organic solvent is evaporated and the polymer particles are recovered from the aqueous medium. The particles are of irregular shape and narrow particle size distribution and have superior electrostatic transfer properties when used as electrostatographic dry toners.

Abstract: In the method for preparing a nanocomposite by intercalating a smectite clay with a quaternary ammonium ion, and exfoliating the intercalated clay into a polymer matrix; an improvement is disclosed which augments exfoliation. The smectite clay is edge treated with negatively charged organic molecules prior to the exfoliation. For these purposes a high charge density anionic polymer such as a polyacrylate may be used.

Abstract: Dispersion powders with a reduced tendency to autoignition are obtained by adding antioxidants to dispersions before spray drying or to dispersion powders after spray drying.

Abstract: A flame retardant for flameproof mesh sheets which does not experience an increase in viscosity while it is kept and does not generate harmful halogen gas at the time of combustion and a flameproof mesh sheet comprising the same. The flame retardant for mesh sheets preferably comprises red phosphorus in an amount of 1.5 to 15 parts by weight and an ammonium polyphosphate compound in an amount of 10 to 70 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of an aqueous dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 10 to 95 wt % and a resin solid content of 25 to 75 wt %.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a composition to be extruded comprising a polymer and a filler of solid particles comprising a stage of mixing the filler of solid particles with particles or granules of the said polymer, if appropriate in the form of an aqueous suspension. The invention is particularly simple, and the final material is in better mechanical properties than those obtained by direct incorporation of the solid filler in the polymer or copolymer. This improvement is very substantial, in particular with regard to the impact strength of the final material. The invention also relates to a polypropylene-based composition comprising a filler of solid particles, such as kaolin, exhibiting a high flexural modulus and a good impact strength.

Abstract: There are disclosed method and apparatus for blending rubber or plastics in a system with particulate filler material and liquid such as oils and plasticizers, characterized in that the particulate filler material is impregnated with the liquid by a liquid spray arrangement while the filler material is being conveyed, in a manner in which the particles are generally accessible, to a mixing chamber to which other components of the rubber or plastics system have already been added or will be added before mixing.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous powder coating dispersions based on epoxy resins, consisting of a solid, pulverulent component I and an aqueous component II, component I being a powder coating comprising: A) at least one epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of from 300 to 5500 daltons, B) at least one di- and/or polycarboxylic acid as curing agent, comprising one or more organosilyl groups in the molecule, if desired in a mixture with other di- and/or polycarboxylic acids which contain no organosilyl group as substituent, and C) if desired, catalysts, fillers, auxiliaries and/or additives specific to powder coating, such as degassing agents, leveling agents, free-radical scavengers, antioxidants and/or UV absorbers, and component II being an aqueous dispersion comprising: D) at least one nonionic thickener and E) if desired, catalysts, auxiliaries, defoaming agents, dispersion auxiliaries, wetting agents, preferably carboxyl-containing dispersants, anti-oxidants, UV absorbers, free-radical s

Abstract: The method according to the present invention includes the step of adding sufficient amounts of an alkalinizing agent to an aqueous solution into which a redispersible polymer powder will be dispersed or to an aqueous dispersion which will be dried to form a redispersible polymer powder. The method of the invention is particularly well suited for nonionic polymers. A surfactant, plasticizer and/or preservative can also be used in addition to the alkalinizing agent. Redispersible polymer powders processed according to the invention form acceptable tablet coatings which are comparable in quality to those coatings formed from aqueous polymer dispersions that have not been dried into redispersible polymer powders.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of masterbatches which contain short fibres or pulps and which may be used for the production of polymer compositions or rubber compositions.

Abstract: A process for introducing additives into a polymer melt comprising dispersing at least one additive in an at least partially volatile liquid vehicle with a dispersant and a stabilizer for the dispersion; feeding the resulting dispersion to a vented extruder which is extruding a polymer; and removing the fed volatiles through the extruder vent to achieve a substantially homogeneous system containing the polymer and at least one additive is disclosed.

Abstract: A system providing desirable properties for introducing a pigment to a polar polymer such as polyvinylchloride resin is disclosed. The system also is valuable in that pigments are conveniently dissolved or dispersed and blended in an a polyester component which is otherwise useful for polar polymer processing. Also disclosed is the mixing of the polyester component, phthalocyanine compounds, and the polyvinylchloride resins. Stronger color development is obtained by using the system of the present invention.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus combinations and methods for producing a powder coating are provided wherein a stream of a powder coating precursor including at least one resin and at least one additional powder coating ingredient is contacted with a process fluid effective to reduce the viscosity of the powder coating precursor to allow processing of the powder coating precursor at a lower temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing toner particles is conducted by:preparing toner precursor particles containing at least binder resin and coloring agent; andspherizing the toner precursor particles to obtain toner particles;wherein spherizing steps include;(1) dispersing the toner precursor particles in an aqueous medium containing a dispersant, thereby preparing a disperse system (a);(2) dispersing oil droplet particles containing a softening agent into an aqueous medium, thereby preparing a disperse system (b);(3) preparing a mixed disperse system (c) by adding the disperse system (a) to the disperse system (b), and causing the softening agent to be absorbed by the toner precursor particles in the mixed disperse system (c); and(4) removing the softening agent from the toner precursor particles.

Abstract: Solid form additive systems which are dispersible in aqueous media are disclosed, as are methods for preparing such additive systems and methods for dispersing such additive systems in aqueous media. Also disclosed are methods for applying additives to polymeric particles and the polymeric particles treated by such methods. These polymeric particles can be made into articles that can be used in a wide range of applications, e.g., as film or packaging for food, medicine and the like.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus combinations and methods for producing a coating powder are provided wherein a stream of a powder coating precursor including at least one resin and at least one additional powder coating ingredient is contacted with a process fluid effective to reduce the viscosity of the powder coating precursor to allow processing of the powder coating precursor at a lower temperature.

Abstract: A polyester composition, comprising a thermoplastic polyester resin and hydroxy apatite particles with an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 10 .mu.m and a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m.sup.2 /g and represented by the following chemical formula, and a film made thereof. A polyester film excellent in such basic properties as slipperiness and abrasion resistance, and also in electric properties, perforability, processability as a laminate with a metallic sheet, flavor properties, etc. can be obtained.Ca(PO.sub.4).sub.l (OH).sub.m (CO.sub.3).sub.n Y.sub.x(where Y stands for any optional anions other than phosphate group, hydroxyl group and carbonate group, l=0.4.about.0.6, m=0.1.about.0.4, n=0.about.0.2, x=0.about.0.2, 3.times.l+m+2.times.n+z.times.

Abstract: Two component adhesive/sealing masses based on silane terminated prepolymers contain a component A which is a one-component, humidity hardening adhesive/sealing mass with high initial adhesiveness, and a component B which is a crosslinking agent and/or accelerator for component A are disclosed. These adhesive/sealing masses are suitable for gluing without primer parts made of metals or other materials such as aluminum, steel, glass, wood or plastics. In a particularly preferred embodiment, component B consists of a viscous, stable mixture of plasticisers, water, thickeners and other optional auxiliary substances.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of microfine suspended particles from a suspension medium, characterized by subjecting a polymeric monomer suspended in a suspension medium to suspension polymerization thereby forming microfine globular particles in the suspension solution, adding microfine water-insoluble particles to said suspension solution of microfine globular particles thereby inducing cohesion of said microfine globular particles, and separating said microfine globular particles in the form of an aggregate from said suspension solution filtration.

Abstract: A process for compounding polymer dispersions, which comprises circulating the polymer dispersion from a vessel (7) having a stirring device (6) through a line (3) having a mixing device (2) by means of a pump (4) which is located in the line (3), and, before the entry of the circulated polymer dispersion into the mixing device (2), metering at least one solution or dispersion of at least one compounding material from at least one stock container (5) via a supply line (9) into the circulated polymer dispersion.

Abstract: Process for the preparation in liquid phase of copolymers of ethylene with propylene and optionally another diene, in the presence of a catalyst selected from (a) Titanium salt supported on magnesium salt and (b) compound of Vanadium soluble in hydrocarbon solvents either supported on an inert material or prepolymerized, and a co-catalyst essentially consisting of an organic compound of Aluminium, and a possible chlorinated activator, characterized in that:1) when the polymerization is almost complete, a solid material insoluble in the reaction environment and having an average diameter of between 0.001 and 200 microns is added to the reaction mixture;2) the suspension of polymer and solid material are kept in contact for a sufficient time to obtain perfectly free-flowing polymeric particles;3) the perfectly free-flowing polymeric particles of step (2) are recovered.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of a curable multi-component reaction mixture (and, in particular, a polyurethane), containing filler in which the reaction components are premixed and then mixed with the dry filler in a friction mixer having a conically shaped screw rotatable in a conical mixing chamber. The friction mixer is preferably operated under a fractional load at a low rotational speed.

Abstract: The invention provides a processing aid and method for lubricating and improving the processability and releasability of rubber and plastic without adversely affecting and, in certain instances, improving the physical properties of the rubber or plastic such as adhesion, tack, modulus and tensile strength. The processing aid comprises a pre-formed homogeneous mixture of at least one silicone fluid lubricant and at least one peptizing agent. A preferred processing aid also includes a silicone fluid wetting agent, which affords decreased vulcanization times and increased production rates.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the use of conditioned organic pigments as stir-in pigments in various applications. The conditioned pigments are prepared by wet-milling a pigment crude to a particle size of 0.1 to 9 .mu.m and a specific surface area in the range of from 6 to 35 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Transparent electroconductive coating compositions, methods to prepare such coating compositions, and substrates coated with these coating compositions. The coatings are based on polymeric resins containing finely dispersed electroconductive powders. The coatings can be characterized by the following: thermoformable while retaining transparency and electrical conductivity that is insensitive to humidity; low chloride extractability, stable to exposure to isopropanol or water/soap solutions.

Abstract: A method of making pigment concentrate particles having pigment uniformly dispersed in a polymer and exhibiting a controlled morphology and narrow particle size distribution. The method involves dispersing pigment particles in a pigment dispersant liquid to form a first dispersion phase; blending the first dispersion phase with a binder to produce a second dispersion phase; mixing the second dispersion phase under sufficient shear to produce a suspension of small dispersion phase droplets in an immiscible suspending liquid; allowing the small dispersion phase droplets in the suspension to coalesce to a larger size at which substantially no further coalescence can occur; mixing the suspension of coalesced droplets with an extracting liquid to remove the pigment dispersant liquid from the coalesced droplets; and isolating the resulting pigment concentrate particles.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing dry toner particles comprising the steps of:(i) dissolving at least one organic polymer (toner resin) in a solvent therefor to form a solution, said solvent being immiscible with water,(ii) dispersing said solution in an aqueous phase to form a dispersion of small droplets,(iii) removing the solvent by evaporation from the dispersed droplets and(iv) separating solid polymeric particles from the water of the aqueous phase, characterized in that:I. the dispersion of said small droplets is stabilized by the presence in the aqueous phase of a dissolved water-soluble (co)polymer, comprising both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties and thatII. after evaporation of said solvent said water-soluble (co)polymer is washed away.

Abstract: Novel aerated fibrous slurry comprising fibrous material, foaming agent, stabilizer, water and gas, which when dried to a water content of not more than 10% by weight, forms a dry, resilient fibrous foam composition. The dry, resilient fibrous foam composition is useful as an inexpensive cushioning filler, as a heat insulating material and as an absorbent of liquids.

Abstract: A process for compounding filler materials and polymers for the preparation of vulcanizable rubber compositions comprises the steps of combining at least one polymer and other compounding ingredients with a filler treated with a liquid in an amount of from about 10 to 60 percent by weight, based upon the combined weight of the liquid and the filler under conditions sufficient to uniformly distribute the filler to form a pre-blend; and mixing the pre-blend until the filler is suitably dispersed throughout the polymer. A vulcanizable rubber composition containing a filler prepared by combining at least one polymer and other compounding ingredients with a filler treated with a liquid in an amount of from about 10 to 60 percent by weight, based upon the combined weight of the liquid and the filler under conditions sufficient to uniformly distribute the filler to form a pre-blend; and mixing the pre-blend until the filler is suitably dispersed throughout the polymer.

Abstract: Powders suitable as electographic toner and/or carrier particles and other powders which utilize a liquid dispersant are produced by limited coalescence techniques. The dispersant is removed by mixing the suspension of coalesced droplets with a sufficient amount of an extracting liquid to cause the dispersant to diffuse out of the coalesced droplets into the extracting liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of dispersing a tacky additive in a solution of a polymer, particularly a polyolefin. A dispersion composition prepared by adding the additive to a slurry of a non-polar solvent and an insoluble, infusible, non-reactive dispersant is added to the polymer solution. This prevents the additive from sticking to the vessel walls and the impeller or agglomerating.

Abstract: A limited coalescence method of making polymer particles having an average particle size of 3 .mu.m or less comprising dispersing the polymer particles in an organic liquid diluent after they are separated from the aqueous suspension medium in which they are prepared, to thereby eliminate or substantially avoid agglomeration between the polymer particles upon drying.