Abstract: A three-dimensional object comprises stacked substrate layers infiltrated by a hardened material comprising engineered powder that is transformed into a substance that flows and subsequently hardens into the hardened material in a spatial pattern that infiltrates positive regions, and does not infiltrate negative regions, in the substrate layers. The powder may be emulsion aggregation powder, chemically-produced toner powder, or a combination. It may be a thermoplastic or thermosettable polymer and may include nylon, elastomers, polyolefins, polyethylene, polyether ether ketone, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polystyrene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyaryletherketone, or a combination. The powder particles may have a pre-specified controlled shape and/or a non-homogenous composition. Surface treatments and/or additives may be used to control powder flow and charge distribution. Each substrate layer may be a sheet-like structure comprising fibers held together by binder.

Abstract: Presented herein are materials, methods, and systems for the improved 3D printing improved 3D printing of materials that include polypropylene. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a composite comprising a polymer matrix and a plurality of fibers for improved 3D printing. For example, the polymer matrix may have a composition that includes a polymer blend of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) (e.g., high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)), impact modified polypropylene copolymer and/or polypropylene random copolymer with a plurality of fibers. In some embodiments, the plurality of fibers comprises cellulosic nanofibers (e.g., natural cellulosic nanofibers, e.g., cellulose nanofibrils). In some embodiments, filaments are prepared from the composites by melt compounding the polymer matrix (e.g., PP copolymers and/or PP/PE pellets) with a plurality of fibers and extruding the mixture.

Abstract: A method for preparing tea-based composite board includes steps of: weighing raw materials as below: 60-70 parts of waste tea residues, 20-50 parts of tea stems, 12-30 parts of straw powder, 10-30 parts of tea pectin cellulose, 30-40 parts of coffee residues, 2-5 parts of a compatibilizer, 0.2-1.5 parts of a lubricant, 2-3 parts of a colorant, 0.1-3 parts of an antioxidant, and 0.1-3 parts of a stabilizer; soaking the tea stems in water at 60-80° C., performing through cleaning, drying in the air, and grinding to obtain tea powder with a mesh size of 10-20 meshes; mixing the waste tea residues, the tea powder, the straw powder, the tea pectin cellulose, the coffee residues, the compatibilizer, and the lubricant at 120-150° C. for 20-30 minutes; and lowering the temperature to 50-60° C., further adding and mixing colorant, antioxidant and stabilizer, and performing hydro-molding at 50-118° C. to obtain the tea-based composite board.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are paver adhesives including dry concrete mixes. The paver adhesive can include cement, silica sand, alumina silicate, and latex or acrylic polymer. The paver adhesive can be configured to be applied to a substrate in a dry state. The paver adhesive can be configured to become hydrated subsequent to pavers being installed over the paver adhesive, and the paver adhesive can be configured to cure and adhere paver tiles to the substrate following the hydrating.

Abstract: A method for producing a powder lead is disclosed, wherein at least one colourant, at least one filler and at least one binder are mixed with a carrier liquid, leads are shaped from the wet compound, the leads shaped in step b) are guided through a chamber in which they are exposed to a pulverulent covering agent, and the powdered leads are guided into a drying apparatus and dried therein.

Abstract: A consumable filament for use in an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system, where the consumable filament comprises a core portion of a matrix of a first base polymer and particles dispersed within the matrix, and a shell portion comprising a same or a different base polymer. The consumable filament is configured to be melted and extruded to form roads of a plurality of solidified layers of a three-dimensional part, and where the roads at least partially retain cross-sectional profiles corresponding to the core portion and the shell portion of the consumable filament and retain the particles within the roads of the printed part and do not penetrate the outer surface of the shell portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to wood plastic composite compositions comprising a wax composition, wherein the wood plastic composite composition has superior properties in the processing thereof. The wax composition is characterized by its dynamic viscosity at 120° C., congealing point, content of molecules in which the carbon chain is linear and content of oxidized hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An advanced siding panel that combines a traditional siding appearance with improved insulation, structural integrity, and improved thermal characteristics.

Abstract: The claimed material relates to a fiber and polymer composite having enhanced modulus, viscoelastic and rheological properties.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for obtaining thermoplastic composite pellets reinforced with cellulose pulp or additive cellulose pulp, cellulose fibers, and/or hydrophilic material from renewable source, and/or natural source material comprising the steps of cellulose pulp dry processing carried out in a binder mill, and/or plastic agglomerator and/or densifier, and preparation of the masterbach comprising the steps of drying the pulp and the thermoplastic materials, preparing the compositions of polymer and cellulose fiber, milling the masterbatch produced, drying the product, extruding the polymer and the masterbatch, and injecting the obtained material.

Abstract: A biopolymer blend is provided that comprises a combination of three components: poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT); agriculture sourced polylactic acid (PLA); and engineered proteinaceous eggshell nanoparticles. The two polymer components can be present in any ratio but an approximate 70:30 ratio is preferred. The engineered proteinaceous eggshell nanoparticles are preferably about 10-25 nanometers. Also provided are methods of preparing biopolymer film and packaging components. Pelleted poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) and agriculture sourced polylactic acid (PLA) are dissolved in chloroform and mixed together to form a polymer blend, and engineered proteinaceous eggshell nanoparticles are incorporated into the polymer blend, which is then extruded to create a biopolymer film or component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of polyethylene-cork composite panels comprising the steps of: mixing 10-64% of cork granulate and 36-90% of polyethylene granulate at room temperature, and feeding a press with this mixture; compressing this mixture in the press with a compression force in the range of 300-450 kN, at a temperature in the range of 160-200° C. and for a hot compression time between 24-180 seconds; and cooling to room temperature, with a compression force between 350-450 kN, for a cold compression time between 32 and 240 seconds; to obtain panels with a thickness between 3 and 5 mm. The invention further relates to a polyethylene-cork composite panel and also to use thereof in the construction industry, particularly as cover board core.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a hollow ball includes a base rubber, an inorganic filler composed of a large number of flat particles, and a carbon-based filler. As to the carbon-based filler, a degree of flatness DLc obtained by dividing an average particle diameter D50c (?m) by an average thickness Tc (?m) is not less than 50. A weight ratio Mc/Mi is not less than 0.01 and not greater than 1.00. The rubber composition is obtained by a production method including: a first step of mixing the base rubber and the carbon-based filler to obtain a master batch; and a second step of adding the large number of flat particles that form the inorganic filler, to the master batch to orient the large number of flat particles. The hollow ball 2 includes a core 4 formed from the rubber composition.

Abstract: A process to form a functionalized ethylene-based polymer composition comprises reacting an ethylene-based polymer composition in at least one extruder with at least one functionalization agent and at least one free radical initiator at a melt temperature of greater than or equal to 200° C. The functionalized ethylene-based polymer composition has a yellowness index (YI) value of less than or equal to 45 and a functionalization content of greater than or equal to 2.0 wt %, based on the weight of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer composition.

Abstract: A multi-functionally modified polymer binder for lithium ion batteries, which is prepared by a free radical graft copolymerization or a Michael addition reaction, with a biomass polymer or a synthetic polymer as a substrate, and a hydrophilic monomer and a lipophilic monomer as functionally modifying monomers. The binder presents a three-dimensional network body with a multi-branch structure, provides more active cites for contacting with the electrode active materials, improves uniformity and flatness in the formation of films from electrode slurry, enhances the binding strength between the electrode active materials, the conductive agents and the current collector, has high elasticity and binding strength, and is applicable in water/organic solvent. Use of the binder in positive electrodes and negative electrodes can facilitate the conduction of electrons/ions during charging and discharging, reduce the electrochemical interface impedance of the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the combination of halogen-free flame retardant additives in a copolyester to improve the flame retardant properties of the copolyester composition while retaining clarity and impact properties, methods of making the copolyester composition and articles made from the copolyester composition. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of a polymeric sulfonyl and phosphonate containing flame retardant compound in copolyester compositions to improve the flame retardant properties while retaining clarity, glass transition temperature, impact properties, methods of making said copolyester compositions and articles therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to filled polymeric materials including a thermoplastic polymer and a metallic filler and to light weight composite materials, which comprise a metallic layer and a polymeric layer, the polymeric layer containing the filled polymeric material. The filled polymeric material preferably is an extruded sheet. The composite materials of the present invention may be formed using conventional stamping equipment at ambient temperatures and/pr welded to other metal materials using conventional welding techniques.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a composition comprising 90.00 to 99.95 wt % of a polyolefin and 0.05 to 10.00 weight % of an antimicrobial additive based on the total weight of the polyolefin composition wherein the antimicrobial additive comprises a phenolic group and wherein a carrier for the antimicrobial additive is present. The antimicrobial additive may be dispersed through the polyolefin composition. Preferred antimicrobial additives include for example eugenol, isoeugenol, thymol, carvacrol, sesamol, curcumin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and its ester derivatives (propyl gallate, octyl gallate and dodecyl gallate), ferulic acid, syringic acid, coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid and/or tannic acid.

Abstract: A resin composition and an application thereof are provided, wherein the resin composition includes a thermoplastic elastomer, a styrene-based resin, a processing oil, and a filler. Based on 100 wt % of the resin composition, the content of the thermoplastic elastomer is 20 wt % to 55 wt %, the content of the styrene-based resin is 25 wt % to 55 wt %, the content of the processing oil is 6 wt % to 18 wt %, and the content of the filler is 5 wt % to 20 wt %. A printing material made by the resin composition has good adhesion with a substrate.

Abstract: The invention concerns an extruded composite containing wood fibre material and polymer. The wood fibre material is wood material where the knot or branch content is at least 10 w-%, or bark, or would material into which extract material obtained by extracting knots, branches or bark has been absorbed. The amount of the polymer is 5-25% from the weight of the composite. The composite has high hardness, and reduced moisture absorption and swelling properties. It can be used as constructional material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the recycling of polyamide and polyolefin wastes and fiber reinforced plastic wastes. Particularly, the invention relates to polymer blends and homogenous polymer agglomerates containing polyamide and polyolefin wastes or co-extruded film wastes and glass fiber reinforced plastic wastes, and to a single-stage continuous process for the preparation of said agglomerate. The invention also relates to products containing the aforementioned substances.

Abstract: A bamboo fibers reinforced polypropylene composition may include at least 50 wt % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer; from 2 to 40 wt % of bamboo fibers; and from 0.1 to 10 wt % of a coupling agent. The composition may show a melt flow index that is at least 5 g/10 min at 190° C. under a load of 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133, condition L; a density that is in the range of 0.900 and 1.010 g/cm3 according to ISO 1183; and a flexural modulus is in the range of 1100 MPa and 4000 MPa according to ISO 178. The composition may be prepared by mixing and kneading, and may be used to form articles.

Abstract: A composite caulk comprising paper wool, perlite, a particulated wood material having a particle size below 2 mm, a particulated fire retardant bark material having at least one axis of length with a dimension below 2 mm and a polyvinyl-acetate based aqueous dispersion adhesive; and wherein said composite caulk forms a heterogeneous caulk which can be dispensed using a handheld caulking gun.

Abstract: Compounds having an elastomer material, a filler material, at least one additive material, and at least one accelerant material are disclosed. In various embodiments, the filler material comprises a graphene-based carbon material. In various embodiments, the graphene-based carbon material comprises graphene comprising up to 15 layers, carbon aggregates having a median size from 1 to 50 microns, a surface area of the carbon aggregates at least 50 m2/g, when measured via a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method with nitrogen as the adsorbate, and no seed particles.

Abstract: Methods for making composite products are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates and one or more free radical precursors to produce a mixture of the lignocellulose substrates and the one or more free radical precursors. The method can also include maintaining the mixture at a temperature less than 60° C. for at least 10 minutes while retaining at least 11 wt % of the one or more free radical precursors charged to the mixture. The method can then include heating the mixture comprising at least 11 wt % of the one or more free radical precursors charged to the mixture to a temperature of at least 60° C. to about 300° C. to produce a composite product. The composite product can have a density less than 1 g/cm3 and an internal bond strength of at least 0.35 MPa.

Abstract: A method of fermenting mycelium composite materials wherein layers of fermentable material are stacked in alteration with ventilation layers with air being passed through the ventilation layers to remove heat and gas generated in the layers of fermentable material during fermentation thereof. The obtained composite materials may be formed into cohesive flat boards, such as are used in the manufacture of insulation or furniture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a batchwise or continuous process for producing single-layer one multilayer lignocellulosic materials, comprising the process steps of (I) mixing the components of the individual layers, (II) scattering the mixture(s) produced in process step (I) to give a mat, (III) optionally precompacting the scattered mat and (IV) hot-pressing the optionally precompacted mat, by using, in process step (I), for the core of multilayer lignocellulosic materials or for single-layer lignocellulosic materials, a mixture (component A) comprising a1) 50% to 99% by weight, preferably 70% to 97% by weight, more preferably 80% to 95% by weight and especially 85% to 92% by weight of organic isocyanate having at least two isocyanate groups or mixtures thereof and a2) 1% to 50% by weight, preferably 3% to 30% by weight, more preferably 5% to 20% by weight and especially 8% to 15% by weight of organic carboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride, carbonyl chloride or mixtures thereof and a3) 0% to 49% by wei

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous polyurethane (PU)-polyacrylate hybrid dispersion obtainable by free radical polymerization of at least one acrylate polymer (A1) in the presence of at least one polyurethane (P1), a process for preparing these aqueous polyurethane-polyacrylate hybrid dispersions, wherein said process comprises a) preparing an aqueous polyurethane dispersion and b) using the polyurethane dispersion thus prepared as raw material for the further synthesis of a polyacrylate dispersion, and the use of the hybrid dispersion thus obtained as binder in filled coating materials, particularly as a binder for flexible roof coatings.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising the following components: A) an olefin-based polymer; B) an anhydride and/or carboxylic acid functionalized olefin-based interpolymer comprising the following properties: i) a melt viscosity, at 190° C., less than, or equal to, 10,000 cP, and ii) a density from 0.900 to 0.950 g/cc.

Abstract: An ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]+[NH2(CH2)3CH(NH2)COO]?, which provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble pre-reacted binder composition, a method of its manufacture, a use of said pre-reacted binder composition, a method of manufacturing a collection of matter bound by a polymeric binder, a binder solution or dispersion comprising said pre-reacted binder composition, as well as products comprising the pre-reacted binder composition in a cured state.

Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Blended compositions that can include one or more thermoplastic polymers and one or more organic fillers and methods for making and using same. The blended composition can have a Notched Izod Impact Strength of at least 20 J/m to about 600 J/m, measured according to ASTM D256-10, and a melt index of about 1 g/10 min to about 100 g/10 min, measured according to ASTM D1238-13, procedure B. The thermoplastic copolymer can include a blend of a polypropylene homopolymer and a copolymer of propylene and a comonomer. The comonomer can include ethylene, a C4 to C20 olefin, or any mixture thereof. The copolymer of propylene and the comonomer can include about 0.5 wt % to about 40 wt % of the comonomer. The blended composition can include about 5 wt % to about 30 wt % of the organic filler based on the combined weight of the thermoplastic copolymer and the organic filler.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ionic liquid represented by the following chemical formula, [(CH3)3N(CH2)2OH]+[NH2(CH2)3CH(NH2)COO]?. The present invention provides an ionic liquid capable of dissolving cellulose within twenty-four hours.

Abstract: Binder compositions and methods for making and using same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the binder composition can include at least one unsaturated compound having two or more unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and at least one free radical precursor. At least one of the unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds can be a pi-bond that is not conjugated with an aromatic moiety and can be capable of free radical addition. The free radical precursor can be present in an amount of about 7 wt % to about 99 wt %, based on the weight of the one or more unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Methods and systems for forming densified lignocellulose biomass are described. Methods can include torrefaction and densification of a lignocellulose feedstock. Temperature and pressure control and lubricant addition throughout the process can provide for the lignin to dissipate more completely throughout the biomass and better coat the cellulose. The product can include a high level of lignin and low volatiles, both of which can improve the energy density of the product. In addition, the process can include a cooling step that can increase the crystallinity of the solidified lignin, which can further increase bulk density and improve grindability of the product.

Abstract: An exterior trim component for a vehicle is provided that includes: 39% to 45% recycled polypropylene copolymer; 27% to 43% recycled polypropylene homopolymer; 0.5% to 2.5% coupling agent; 0.01% to 0.5% flow enhancing agent; 0.5% to 1.5% coconut shell powder; 5% to 10% synthetic filler; and 3% to 17% carbon fiber (by weight). Further, the component is characterized by a flexural modulus of at least 1750 MPa. In certain aspects, the component is further characterized by a coefficient of linear thermal expansion between about 4×10?5 in/in*° C. and about 0.1×10?5 in/in*° C., as measured under the ISO 11359-2 protocol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rubber modifier capable of exhibiting good dispersibility in a dispersion thereof and excellent in a rubber-modifying effect such as rubber-reinforcing effect or the likes. The invention relates to a rubber modifier comprising cellulose fibers, in which the number of the cellulose fibers having a fiber length of 450 nm or less, relative to the number of all the cellulose fibers therein, is 50% or more, to a rubber modifier dispersion comprising the rubber modifier and a dispersion medium, and to a rubber composition comprising the rubber modifier and a rubber component.

Abstract: A hydrogel liquid precursor includes an inorganic mineral and a monomer, wherein the inorganic mineral accounts for 15 percent by mass or more of the hydrogel liquid precursor, wherein the hydrogel liquid precursor has an initial viscosity of 20 mPa·s or less at 25 degrees C., and wherein the hydrogel liquid precursor has a ratio of a two-week viscosity to the initial viscosity of from 0.90 to 1.10, the two-week viscosity representing a viscosity of the hydrogel liquid precursor at 25 degrees C. after being left at 50 degrees C. for two weeks.

Abstract: A rubber composition for a tire comprises 100 parts by mass of a rubber component comprising diene rubber, and from 0.5 to 20 parts by mass of pellets comprising paper powder and starch and having water content of 5 mass % or more. A tire is provided with a tread rubber part comprising a foamed rubber formed by the rubber composition. A method for manufacturing a tire comprises mixing from 0.5 to 20 parts by mass of pellets comprising paper powder and starch and having water content of 5 mass % or more with 100 parts by mass of a rubber component comprising diene rubber to prepare a rubber composition, producing an unvulcanized tire using the rubber composition obtained, and vulcanization molding the unvulcanized tire.

Abstract: A dual-surface treated composite superabsorbent particle comprising a polycarboxylate polymer (e.g., saponified polyacrylamide) and a carboxylated starch polymer is disclosed. The surface of the particle is cross linked through esterification with a C2-C4 polyol exemplified with glycerol. In addition, the surface region is crosslinked through ionic bonds with a trivalent metal ion exemplified with aluminum. In a critical method of making, the acidification of the surface with the polyol occurs prior to treatment with the trivalent metal ion, which results is a hybrid particle that can include up to about 40% of carboxymethyl starch yet exhibit a FSC of at least 47 g/g, a CRC of at least 27 g/g, an AUL of at least 18 g/g under a load of 0.7 psi, and a SFR of at least 180 ml/min. Also disclosed is a method of making that includes a surface esterification prior to aluminum treatment.

Abstract: Provided herein is a cellulose nanofiber-containing composition producing method for producing a cellulose nanofiber-containing composition that can be easily combined with compounds having a reactive double-bond group, and that contains only a small amount of uncured material that acts as a plasticizer in a molded product, using a simple producing method that does not require any process involving solvent displacement or solvent removal. A high-strength molded body prepared by using the cellulose nanofiber-containing composition is also provided. In refining cellulose in a mixture containing a compound having a reactive double-bond group and a hydroxyl group of 10 KOHmg/g or less and a defibrating resin as essential components, the cellulose has a moisture content of 4 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the amount of the cellulose converted on the assumption that the percentage moisture of the cellulose is 0%.

Abstract: Provided herein are organic solvent-based processes for the removal of rubber from non-Hevea plants such as guayule shrubs. By the use of the processes, solid purified rubber can be obtained that contains 0.05-0.5 weight % dirt, 0.2-1.5 weight % ash, and 0.1-4 weight % resin (when it has been dried so as to contain 0.8 weight % volatile matter).

Abstract: Monomodal foamed polymeric compositions containing clay nucleating agents are described. The clays are preferably sepiolite, palygorskite/attapulgite, or combinations thereof. Also described are processes for forming the foamed compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that consistent and predictable antioxidant activity may be provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content.

Abstract: In some examples, a method for making a composite product can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates, one or more complexed metal catalysts, one or more complexing agents, and one or more oxidants to produce a lignocellulose binder mixture and heating the lignocellulose binder mixture to produce a composite product. The lignocellulose binder mixture can have a molar ratio of the complexing agent to the complexed metal catalyst of about 0.1 or greater.

Abstract: Methods for making composite products are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates, a free radical precursor, and a polyphenolic material to produce a mixture. The polyphenolic material can be in a liquid form, a solid form, or both when combined to produce the mixture. The method can also include maintaining the mixture at a temperature of less than 60° C. for at least 10 minutes while retaining at least 11 wt % of the free radical precursor charged to the mixture. The mixture can also include heating the mixture comprising at least 11 wt % of the free radical precursors charged to the mixture to a temperature of at least 60° C. to about 300° C. to produce a composite product.

Abstract: Methods for making lignocellulose composite products can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates, calcium lignosulfonate, and a free radical precursor to produce a mixture. The free radical precursor can include an oxidant and a catalyst. The mixture can be at least partially cured to produce a lignocellulose composite product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite product comprising organic natural fiber material and matrix material, wherein the method comprises mixing the organic natural fiber material with the matrix material in a primary mixing stage to form a mixture. The primary mixing stage comprises a contacting step in which the organic natural fiber material comes in contact with the matrix material that is at least partly in a form of melt, and bulk density of the organic natural fiber material is less than 500 kg/m3. The method further comprises forming a composite product comprising the mixture. Further, the invention relates to a composite product, a use of the composite product, and a system for manufacturing a composite product.

Abstract: Methods for making composite products are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the method can include combining a plurality of lignocellulose substrates and one or more free radical precursors to produce a mixture of the lignocellulose substrates and the one or more free radical precursors. The method can also include maintaining the mixture at a temperature less than 60° C. for at least 10 minutes while retaining at least 11 wt % of the one or more free radical precursors charged to the mixture. The method can then include heating the mixture comprising at least 11 wt % of the one or more free radical precursors charged to the mixture to a temperature of at least 60° C. to about 300° C. to produce a composite product. The composite product can have a density less than 1 g/cm3 and an internal bond strength of at least 0.35 MPa.