Abstract: One submits rice outer covering to a grinding process (01), next to a drying process (02), passing then through a sprayer (03) where one mixes from 2 to 10% of oil, mineral and/or vegetal and/or animal, mineral or vegetal fat to the dry rice outer covering, which goes on being transported towards the mixer (04), next towards the resin mixer (05), where one can add mineral and/or vegetal oils, greases and/or animal, mineral and/or vegetal fats, plastifiers, pigments etc., being after submitted to heating (06) and next to a final molding process (07).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compositions comprising reaction products of low molecular mass dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids with ammonia to produce moldings comprising finely divided materials.

Abstract: There is provided a wet friction material excellent in heat resistance and durability, high in friction coefficient, small in initial fluctuation of the friction coefficient, excellent in heat spot resistance and superior in physical strength to a wet friction material using a phenol resin as a binder. In the wet friction material composed of a fiber base material, a filler, a friction adjustor, and a binder, the binder is a hardened substance of a hydrolyzed solution of a silane coupling agent represented by the following formula (1) (R1)(R2)nSi(OR3)3−n  (1) in which R1 represents an alkylamino group containing primary amine at a terminal, each of R2 and R3 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an extrudable compound, an extrusion method using a polymer, a cellulosic fiber, and at least one lubricant selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated esters of hydantoins, ethoxylated esters of sorbitol and sorbitan, and ethylene bisamides made from fatty acids containing 6-10 carbons and composites manufactured through such processes which simulate conventional wood products.

Abstract: A synthetic resin composition includes at least one synthetic resin and RBC or CRBC particles dispersed in the resin. A method for preparing a synthetic resin composition includes mixing RBC or CRBC particles with a synthetic resin at a temperature near the melting temperature of the synthetic resin. Preferably, the method of includes the step of kneading the mixture.

Abstract: A polymer composition includes a first component being a hydroxy-functional polymer, a second component being a natural polymer and a third component being a thermoplastic polyester. The first component, second component and third component are compounded to form a polymer composition.

Abstract: A cellulose/polyolefin pellet comprising polyolefin material and cellulosic material. The pellet may be concentrated such that it contains less than about 20% by weight of the polyolefin material and at least about 55% by weight of the cellulosic material. The pellet may be shipped to a remote manufacturing location where it may be blended with additional polyolefin material to make a synthetic wood component.

Abstract: There is disclosed a plant fiber composite material that is environmentally benign. There is also disclosed products of the plant fiber composite material, a processing method for the plant fiber composite material, and extruded or molded products using the plant fiber composite material.

Abstract: A non-asbestos friction material is obtained by molding and curing a composition comprising a fibrous base, a filler and a binder. The binder is present in a total amount V1 and the filler contains in part graphite present in an amount V2, each expressed in volume percent of the overall composition, such that the product V1×V2 is from 10 to 100 and the sum V1+V2 is from 10 to 30. When used as a brake lining in drum brakes, for example, the friction material exhibits low wear during high-speed braking, excellent heat resistance, stable braking effectiveness and good strength.

Abstract: A flexible wood composition comprising at least one cellulosic filler and a material selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic elastomers and melt-processible rubbers. Additionally, the composition may include other ingredients including, but not limited to, a stabilizer, a lubricant, and a fatty acid. The composition can be used to make a variety of components such as flooring, gaskets, stair treads, weather stripping, hinges, sound absorption components, trim, seals, grips, surface treatment for various surfaces, bumpers, toys, buttons, and tubing.

Abstract: New wood-synthetic resin composite products and methods of forming these products are provided. The products comprise a cellulosic or fibrous material and polypropylene (preferably reactor flake polypropylene). The products are formed by passing ingredients including the fibrous material and polypropylene through an extruder (preferably a twin screw extruder) at temperatures of from about 150-260° C. The extruded composite products have physical properties very similar to those of natural wood, including high tensile strengths, high compressive strengths, and high densities.

Abstract: A method of preparing wood and plastic to produce a composite material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic composite material containing at least 15 percent by weight of one or more organic fibrous material, and at least 15 percent by weight of thermoplastic binder, with binder containing at least two different polyacrylates. The thermoplastic composite material has a flow transition range of 70° C. to 130° C. The invention also relates to a method for producing the thermoplastic composite material and the use of the thermoplastic composite material to coat the surfaces of objects.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing plastic-substitute goods by using natural materials is disclosed. Agricultural byproducts and wood byproducts such as rice husks, rice plant stems, corn plant stems, bean plant stems, wheat plant stems, saw dust and the like are crushed into a particular size, then the crushed particles are mixed with natural adhesives (such as corn starch, potato starch and the like), and are coated with rosin or natural resins, and then a molding is carried out by applying a pressure in a molding machine, thereby manufacturing the plastic-substitute goods. The raw materials of the present invention are readily available from the rural areas, and the molding is carried out at a temperature of 100-300 degrees C.

Abstract: Compositions and methods in which dry-committed fibers are substantially homogeneously dispersed throughout a fibrous composition. The fibrous composition is characterized as having sufficient yield stress and viscosity such that the shearing forces from the mixing apparatus are effectively transferred down to the fiber level. This is accomplished by means of an appropriate thickening agent, e.g, gelatinized starch. The dry-committed fibers are exemplified by flash dry fibers or fibrous sheets that have been cut or torn into fragments less than 2 cm across. Providing fibers that have been dry-committed greatly reduces the time that it takes to obtain substantially homogeneous dispersion of the fibers throughout the fibrous composition. This, in turn, reduces the risk of mixture spoilage and mechanical or chemical damage to the solid components within the fibrous composition.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrically conductive plastic molded article comprising blending 1 to 40 we. % of content shell fiber powder obtained by dry compressing a fiber contained in the mesocarp of the coconut fruit and processing the resulting fiber mass to 98 to 59 we. % of a biodegradable plastic or a non-biodegradable plastic, and adding 1 to 20 we. % of an electrically conductive additive. A molded article eliminating electrostatic troubles due to electrical chargeability, and improving biodegradable plastic is used, can be obtained.

Abstract: A friction material composition comprising (a) a fibrous material, (b) a binder containing a liquid rubber and (c) a friction regulator containing cashew dust is produced by coating the cashew dust with the liquid rubber, adding the fibrous material, remaining binder other than the liquid rubber and remaining friction regulator other than the cashew dust to the cashew dust coated with the liquid rubber, and then mixing.

Abstract: A polymer composition includes a first component being a hydroxy-functional polymer, a second component being a natural polymer and a third component being a thermoplastic polyester. The first component, second component and third component are compounded to form a polymer composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermoplastic composite material containing an organic fibrous material and a mixture of two or more organic fibrous materials and a thermoplastic binder. The inventive composite material has a flow transition range between 70 and 130 degrees. The invention also relates to a method for producing a thermoplastic composite material of this type, the use of said composite material to coat the surfaces of objects and to an adhesive for permanently bonding the surface coating to the surface being coated.

Abstract: An (organo) ((omega-alkenyl) cyclopentacarbyl) (silane-bridged) metallocene compound is provided. Polymerization processes therewith are also provided.

Abstract: Particles of silica-rich plant material are bonded into a rigid unitary body. The silica content of such materials is believed to enter into bonding reactions when the materials are combined with a polymeric resin base material such as PAPI that has been previously converted by reaction with a colloidal gel formed from silica and a basic solution. The resulting product exhibits characteristics superior to most engineered wood products. A theoretical analysis of the bonding chemistry is proposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soybean-based adhesive resin including a soybean flour and a cross-linking agent. The cross-linking agent is reacted with the functional groups in the soybean flour to form an adhesive resin. The present invention also relates to a method of making a soybean-based adhesive resin. This method involves providing an aqueous solution of soybean flour and adding a cross-linking agent to the solution under conditions effective to cross-link the soybean flour so that an adhesive resin is formed. Also disclosed is a composite product which includes particulate plant material and the soybean-based adhesive resin. The adhesive is prepared by reacting the cross-linking agent with the functional groups in the soybean flour. The present invention also relates to a method of making a composite product by providing particulate plant material and applying the soybean-based adhesive resin to the particulate plant material.

Abstract: A wet friction material contains a fibrous base, a filler, a friction adjuster and a binder. The binder contains a material having siloxane bond. For example, the binder is a product of hardening of a hydrolytic solution of a silicon alkoxide.

Abstract: A plastic cellulosic composite pellet has a thermoplastic polymer comprising 20 to 60 percent by weight of the pellet; a cellulosic fiber content comprising 40 to 80 percent by weight; a moisture content of less than one percent and a specific gravity of greater that one; the cellulosic fiber has a length from 0.01 to 0.90 millimeters with an aspect ratio of between 2.0 and 20.0; and a trace of mineral coating dispersed on the surface of the pellet. The pellets may be produced in a twin screw extruder with parallel intermeshing segmented screws. Screw segments positioned on two spline shafts perform the various required functions of mixing, deaerating and removal of moisture followed by extrusion of pellets. Cellulosic fiber is fed into the extruder approximately one-quarter of the way down the extruder barrel by a twin screw side stuffer. Air entrained in the cellulosic material escapes through a vent.

Abstract: A cellulosic composite comprising: (a) at least one cellulosic material present in an amount in the range of from about 50% to about 75% by weight of the composite, (b) at least one polyvinyl chloride material present in an amount in the range of from about 25% to about 50% by weight of the composite, and (c) at least one polar thermosetting material present in an amount in the range of from about 0% to about 4% by weight of the composite is disclosed. An extruded article made form the cellulose composite and a method of making the cellulose composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A polymer composition uncludes a first component being a hydroxy-functional polymer, a second component being a natural polymer and a third component being a thermoplastic polyester. The first component, second component and third component are compounded to form a polymer composition.

Abstract: Hodapen pulp is a thermoplastic molding composition comprising whole or particulated rice hull pretreated with Sodium Peroxide; a resin binder as a solvent; scrap plastic; and rice hull ash as filler. The composition possesses the molding stability for a deferred use and readiness for immediate extrusion. The pulp is a new product with enhanced strength and improved water, fire, fungal, and termite resistance with superior advantage over similar products. The composition incorporates plastic waste and rice hull as its major components which by themselves contribute to environmental pollution and are treated as a disposable waste.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to flax shives reinforced thermosetting resin compositions and a method for reinforcing thermosetting resins. The present invention provides a use for flax shives, which is the portion left over after processing plant materials to separate plant fibers (bast fibers) from the shives.

Abstract: A cellulosic composite comprising: (a) at least one cellulosic material present in an amount in the range of from about 50% to about 75% by weight of the composite, (b) at least one polyvinyl chloride material present in an amount in the range of from about 25% to about 50% by weight of the composite, and (c) at least one polar thermosetting material present in an amount in the range of from about 0% to about 4% by weight of the composite is disclosed. An extruded article made form the cellulose composite and a method of making the cellulose composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dowel for use in the woodworking industry to secure two pieces of wood together is made of a composite, polymeric material comprising from about 4% to 90% by weight thermosetting resin and from about 10% to 96% by weight fibrous filler material. The thermosetting resin and the fibrous filler material are mixed together and then subjected to a high pressure and an elevated temperature to set the thermosetting resin and form a dense, hard mass of composite, polymeric material which is formed into the cylindrical shape of a dowel. The dowels have a surface that will adhere to conventional glues used in the woodworking industry.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a heat resistant friction material which comprises forming pores in the surface of the friction material, the pores being formed with a controlled pore size, depth, pattern, orientation and distribution.

Abstract: A cellulosic composite comprising: (a) at least one cellulosic material present in an amount in the range of from about 50% to about 75% by weight of the composite, (b) at least one polyvinyl chloride material present in an amount in the range of from about 25% to about 50% by weight of the composite, and (c) at least one polar thermosetting material present in an amount in the range of from about 0% to about 4% by weight of the composite is disclosed. An extruded article made form the cellulose composite and a method of making the cellulose composite are also disclosed.

Abstract: A friction material for a synchronizer ring which exhibits good heat resistance, wear resistance and scorching resistance properties has 30 to 70% by weight of a carbon material, 10 to 40% by weight of a thermosetting resin, 5 to 30% by weight of metal fibers or metal particles and 5 to 40% by weight of inorganic fibers or inorganic particles, and having a porosity of 10 to 50%. The carbon is porous graphite particles of a size distribution in which not less than 50% of the entire number of said graphite particles have a particle diameter from 44 to 250 .mu.m. The thermosetting resin is a novolac type phenol resin, epoxy modified phenol resin, melamine modified phenol resin, cashew modified phenol resin, hydrocarbon resin modified phenol resin or cresol modified phenol resin.

Abstract: Sorghum millet stalks are defibrated and refined into fibers, after which, a cohesive material is admixed with such sorghum millet fibers so as to provide a lump of initially cohered sorghum millet fibers, which is then shaped in the form of a mat. This mat is subjected to a press working process so that a desired shape or uneven shape of panel is produced. During the press working process, the cohesive material is compressed and changed into a state where is acts as a bonding agent to strongly cohere the sorghum millet fibers integrally together. Together with the cohesive material, a bonding material may be admixed with the sorghum millet fibers. Thus, it is possible to obtain a sorghum millet fiber panel which has a strength enough for usual use as with other panels and boards.

Abstract: An absorbent agriculture residue product and method of making the product. Preferably the agriculture residue material is reduced in size, adhesive added, consolidated to form panels or other shapes and heated to cure the adhesive. Preferably, the agriculture material is reduced in size from less than about 2 inches and the adhesive is present in an amount ranging from between about 2% to about 20% by dry weight. The products possess good absorption characteristics, durability and the ability to retain absorbed liquids upon application of pressure to saturated panels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stabilizer composition effective to protect PVC resin against heat-mediated deterioration, comprising a mixture of barium and zinc salts of aliphatic C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 carboxylates and aromatic C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 carboxylates, organic triphosphites of the formula R.sub.1 OP(OR.sub.3)OR.sub.2 wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl, and organic acid phosphites of the formula R.sub.4 OP(OH)OR.sub.5 wherein each of R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.4 can be hydrogen. PVC film compounded with this stabilizer composition also exhibits improved wettability and adherence to water-based inks applied to such films.

Abstract: A polymeric composition comprises a matrix including a starch component and at least one synthetic thermoplastics polymeric component in which a filler is dispersed, characterised in that the matrix includes a fluidising agent selected from the group consisting of C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 fatty acids, C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 fatty alcohols, esters and amides of the said fatty acids, poly and polyglycol ethers of alditols or polyglycerols esterified with the said fatty acids and their mixtures and the said filler comprises natural fillers of an organic nature dispersed in the matrix in quantities of from 5% to 70% by weight with reference to the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: A low molecular weight lignin fraction having a pre-selected molecular weight range prepared from lignin solution by ultrafiltration. The invention also relates to phenol-formaldehyde resin modified by the lignin fraction, adhesive comprising the modified resin, and a method for producing the lignin fraction and the resin.

Abstract: A non-asbestos friction material containing a reinforcing fiber other than asbestos, organic fillers, friction adjusting ingredients, and a thermosetting resin for binding the reinforcing fiber, the organic fillers and the friction adjusting ingredients together. The friction adjusting ingredients contain magnesia in the form of aggregated particles which are an aggregate of minute particles. The use of magnesia in the form of aggregated particles reduces low-frequency noise and squeak while keeping the attack on the mating member low and keeping high the resistance to fading and the coefficient of friction.

Abstract: A self lubricating material for use in a castable material from which a predetermined component having at least one friction surface is to be manufactured. Such self lubricating type material consisting essentially of cellulose in the range of between about 4.0 weight percent and about 9.0 weight percent, resin in the range of between about 15.0 weight percent and about 20.0 weight percent, vermiculite in the range of between about 20.0 weight percent and about 25.0 weight percent, nut shells in a range of between about 12.0 weight percent and about 20.0 weight percent, fluorspar in a range of between about 11.0 weight percent and about 14.0 weight percent and oil in the range of between about 20.0 weight percent and about 26.0 weight percent.

Abstract: To form a binder from naturally occurring products or a fuel brick or pellet using the binder without extraction or purification steps, the binder utilizes proteins from the germ or endosperm of cereal grasses or from the seed of buckwheat, oil seed plants, Amaranthus or leguminous plants or from leaves or from grain stillage. The protein has a thermoplastic microstructure with linear polymers of molecular weight of at least 2,000 linked with peptide linkages of at least 50 in number. The binder is mixed with waste such as municipal waste without further processing and processed in a pelleting machine.

Abstract: A mechanically-bonded, water-absorbent fiber mulch including natural and crimped synthetic fibers that are intimately mixed to form a mechanically-bonded fiber mulch. A water-absorbent polymer-based material is dispersed throughout the fiber mulch to increase its water absorption capacity.

Abstract: Densified particles of friction ingredients which include an uncured mix of friction ingredients with a thermosetting binder resin and an effective amount of a liquid coreactive with the resin which maintains the temperature during particle formation below the curing temperature of the resin can be used to make friction elements. Methods of forming friction elements from the particles and friction elements made from the particles also are described.

Abstract: Medium density fiber boards having sufficient physical strength are made from sunflower seed husks by an efficient method. The method of forming the boards involves impregnanting sunflower seed husks with steam, digesting so as to de-fibrate the husks, mixing the de-fibrated sunflower seed husks with a resin, drying the mixture and pressing the dried mixture into a medium density fiber board.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a friction material comprising a silicone resin, a phenolic resin, and, in certain embodiments, silicon nitride particles, incorporated into an aqueous paper formulation which is then formed into a friction material. The friction material is prepared by mixing the silicone resin, the phenolic resin (and, in certain embodiments, silicon nitride particles) into a raw paper formulation, forming a porous friction material, and heating the friction material to cure the phenolic resin and silicone resin.

Abstract: Neuropeptides, particularly vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) and fragments, mutations and derivatives thereof that have corresponding activities to which have been directly or indirectly linked at least one NO or NO.sub.2 group, and their uses, including the relaxation of smooth muscle in several tissues, including vascular smooth muscle (e.g., aorta) and nonvascular smooth muscle (e.g. trachea, sphincter of Oddi, gastrointestinal smooth muscle and corpus cavernosum smooth muscle), and particularly also for the diagnosis and treatment of human male impotence.

Abstract: A composition containing a matrix, a fiber, a filler; and a friction modifier; wherein an effective amount of at least one of said components selected from the group consisting of fiber, filler, friction modifier and combinations thereof are cure promoting compounds having an effective aspect ratio such that the composition is rapidly cured in the presence of electromagnetic energy, and a process for curing such compositions.Articles comprised of this composition are suitable for use in the production of friction materials, such as brake pads, drum linings, and clutches.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phenolic resin molding material comprising:a phenolic resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of a phenolic resin, 10-70 parts by weight of an organic filler and 10-70 parts by weight of an inorganic filler, anda releasant consisting of 0.2-4 parts by weight of an amide wax having a melting point of 130.degree.-150.degree. C. and 0.1-2 parts by weight of an ester wax and/or a partially saponified ester wax each having a melting point of 80.degree.-105.degree. C.This phenolic resin molding material can provide a molded article which has good releasability and which shows excellent adherence to coating film formed thereon and excellent surface smoothness even after treatment at a high temperature and a high humidity.

Abstract: A wet frictional material having a high heat resistance, excellent durability and superior initial conformability. The wet frictional material contains a fiber base material, a filler, a frictional adjustment agent and a thermosetting synthetic resin. The thermosetting synthetic resin comprises a silicone resin represented by the following average formula. The silicone resin contains a trifunctional unit (RSiO.sub.3/2) (where R represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group) in an amount of from 40 to 100 mol % of units constituting the silicone resin:(R.sup.1).sub.a (OR.sup.2).sub.b SiO.sub.(4-a-b)/2where R.sup.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 0.2.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.1.8 and 0<b.ltoreq.1.0).

Abstract: To form a binder from naturally occurring products without extraction or purification steps, the binder utilizes proteins from the germ or endosperm of cereal grasses or from the seed of buckwheat, oil seed plants, Amaranthus or leguminous plants or from leaves. The protein has a thermoplastic microstructure with linear polymers of moleculer weight of at least 2,000 linked with peptide linkages of at least 50 in number. The naturally occurring product is ground or milled without further processing and thus includes carbohydrates, particularly as cellulose, and possibly fats, yeast or materials yielding ash upon burning, with the carbohydrates being at least 5 percent of the proteins by weight. The binder may include some initiators or catalysts to polymerize fats or other initiators or catalysts to polymerize proteins.