Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing a rubber composition for a tire and a method for manufacturing a tire including this manufacturing method for the rubber composition in the present invention, which are characterized by including the steps of: starting to knead a rubber component, a sulfur donor, and a sulfur atom-containing vulcanization accelerator together before kneading the rubber component with a filler; and then adding a filler to an obtained kneaded product and performing kneading at a kneading temperature of 120° C. or higher. According to the manufacturing methods of the present invention, a rubber composition for a tire and a tire which have good fracture property can be manufactured.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrically conductive composite material includes obtaining a composite material which includes a thermoplastic matrix and short carbon fibers and is free of carbon nanotubes, preheating a furnace until a predetermined target temperature is reached, inserting the composite material into the preheated furnace once the target temperature has been reached, and heating the composite material in the furnace at the predetermined target temperature which is kept constant for a predetermined duration.

Abstract: Systems and processes for forming seals. The seals have graphene embedded in the seal. The graphene-embedded seals exhibit improved wear resistance over seals without graphene.

Abstract: A graphene reinforced polyethylene terephthalate composition is provided for forming graphene-PET containers. The graphene reinforced polyethylene terephthalate composition includes a continuous matrix comprising polyethylene terephthalate and a dispersed reinforcement phase comprising graphene nanoplatelets. The graphene nanoplatelets range in diameter between 5 ?m and 10 ?m with surface areas ranging from about 15 m2/g to about 150 m2/g. In some embodiments, the graphene reinforced polyethylene terephthalate comprises a concentration of graphene nanoplatelets being substantially 3% weight fraction of the graphene reinforced polyethylene terephthalate. The graphene reinforced polyethylene terephthalate is configured to be injection molded into a graphene-PET preform suitable for forming a container. The graphene-PET preform is configured to be reheated above its glass transition temperature and blown into a mold so as to shape the graphene-PET preform into the container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a surface-treated carbon black, including a step (step (i)) of mixing a carbon-black-containing aqueous-slurry-solution in which a carbon black is dispersed in water with a dihydrazide compound, and subsequently removing the water. Disclosed is a method for producing a rubber wet masterbatch, including: a step (I) of mixing a carbon-black-containing aqueous-slurry-solution in which a carbon black is dispersed in water, a rubber latex solution, and a dihydrazide compound with each other to produce a carbon-black-containing aqueous-rubber-latex-solution; a step (II) of solidifying the resultant carbon-black-containing aqueous-rubber-latex-solution to produce a carbon-black-containing rubber solidified product; and a step (III) of dehydrating and drying the resultant carbon-black-containing rubber solidified product to produce the rubber wet masterbatch.

Abstract: An electrically conductive multilayer film is disclosed. The conductive multilayer film may comprise a non-conductive base layer and a transparent layer comprising transparent conductor material provided on the non-conductive base layer, wherein the transparent layer comprising transparent conductor material is at least partly covered with transparent dielectric material forming a coating layer on the transparent layer comprising transparent conductor material such that the transparent layer comprising transparent conductor material is situated between the coating layer and the non-conductive base layer, and wherein the thickness of the coating layer is 10-600 nm in order to enable processing of the transparent layer comprising transparent conductor material through the coating layer. Further is disclosed a method, a touch sensing device, and different uses.

Abstract: Methods for the production in an electrochemical cell of metal oxide deposited graphene and/or graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, in a cell having a positive electrode which is graphitic and an electrolyte comprising an intercalating anion and a metal cation, wherein the metal is selected from ruthenium, manganese, iridium, tin, and silver. The methods comprising the step of passing a current through the cell to intercalate anions into the graphitic positive electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic positive electrode and such that the metal ion undergoes electrodeposition in the form of the corresponding metal oxide to produce the metal oxide deposited graphene and/or graphite nanoplatelet structures.

Abstract: This document discloses an electrically conductive fiber coated with polythiophene and a carbon material. Also disclosed is an article of manufacture incorporating the conductive fiber.

Abstract: A silicone rubber composite material includes silicone rubber, first carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of not more than 30 nm, and second carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of more than 30 nm and not more than 1000 nm. Per 100 parts by weight of the silicone rubber, 2.5 to 10 parts by weight of the first carbon nanotubes and 5 to 15 parts by weight of the second carbon nanotubes are included.

Abstract: An all-printed physically unclonable function based on a single-walled carbon nanotube network. The network may be a mixture of semiconducting and metallic nanotubes randomly tangled with each other through the printing process. The unique distribution of carbon nanotubes in a network can be used for authentication, and this feature can be a secret key for a high level hardware security. The carbon nanotube network does not require any advanced purification process, alignment of nanotubes, high-resolution lithography and patterning. Rather, the intrinsic randomness of carbon nanotubes is leveraged to provide the unclonable aspect.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite material includes: preparing a dispersion, in which carbon nanotubes are dispersed without adding a dispersant or an adhesive; giving mechanical energy to the dispersion to create a reversible reaction condition in the dispersion, in which a dispersion state of the carbon nanotubes and an aggregation state of the carbon nanotubes are constantly generated; immersing the base material in the dispersion that is in the reversible reaction condition to allow the carbon nanotubes to adhere to the surface of the base material; and drawing the base material adhered with the carbon nanotubes from the dispersion, followed by drying.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a composite resin material that has excellent shapeability and enables supply of a shaped product having good properties. The method of producing a composite resin material includes: a mixing step of mixing a fluororesin, fibrous carbon nanostructures, and a dispersion medium to obtain a slurry; and a formation step of removing the dispersion medium from the slurry and forming a particulate composite resin material. The particulate composite resin material has a D50 diameter of at least 20 ?m and not more than 500 ?m and a D90 diameter/D10 diameter value of at least 1.2 and not more than 15. The D10 diameter, D50 diameter, and D90 diameter are particle diameters respectively corresponding to cumulative volumes of 10%, 50%, and 90% calculated from a small particle end of a particle diameter distribution of the particulate composite resin material.

Abstract: Based on graphene heterostructure in chip-scale silicon nitride microresonators, optoelectronic control and modulation in frequency combs via group velocity dispersion modulation can be demonstrated. By tuning graphene Fermi level from 0.50 eV to 0.65 eV via electric-field gating, deterministic in-cavity group velocity dispersion control from anomalous (?62 fs2/mm) to normal (+9 fs2/mm) can be achieved with Q factor remaining high at 106. Consequently, both the primary comb lines and the full comb spectra can be controllable dynamically with the on/off switching of the Cherenkov radiation, the tuning of the primary comb lines from 2.3 THz to 7.2 THz, and the comb span control from zero comb lines to ˜781 phase-locked comb lines, directly via the DC voltage.

Abstract: A cellulose derivative obtained by substituting at least part of hydrogen atoms of hydroxy groups of a cellulose with an acyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a long-chain organic group having 7 or more carbon atoms and a high refractive-index organic group.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for forming a composite. The method can include mixing a plurality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a plurality of magnetic nanoparticles in a non-polar medium. At least some of the plurality of CNTs form entangled CNTs. The method also includes attaching first ones of the plurality of magnetic nanoparticles to exposed surfaces of the entangled CNTs; disentangling the entangled CNTs to form a plurality of dispersed CNTs; and aligning the plurality of dispersed CNTs. The disentangling of the entangled CNTs to form a plurality of dispersed CNTs includes exposing the plurality of magnetic nanoparticles and the plurality of entangled CNTs to electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition (C) comprising a polymer blend including a polyarylether sulfone polymer and a polyarylene sulfide polymer and to an article including said composition.

Abstract: Adapter for a rolling assembly intended to be fitted to a passenger vehicle, with improved mountability and a high capacity for absorbing large deformations in the event of pinch shocks. The adapter has reinforcing element (15) of the axially outer end (9) wholly situated axially on the outside of bearing face (21) and radially on the outside of adapter seat (18), and a main reinforcement (17) having a radial superposition of at least two layers of reinforcers, the reinforcers being mutually parallel within one and the same layer and crossed with one another from one layer to the next. Each of the layers of main reinforcement (17) comprises reinforcers which make, with a circumferential direction (XX?) of the tire, an angle at least equal to 30°, and coated with a polymer material having an elastic modulus at 10% elongation at most equal to 70 MPa.

Abstract: The present teaching describes a recyclable polyethylene film of at least 80% polyethylene material and max. 20% compatible polyolefin material. The polyethylene film is less than 40 ?m and has a central layer of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and/or metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (mLLDPE) and two outer layers made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and bonded to the central layer and surrounding a central layer. The HDPE content of the polyethylene film constitutes at least 60 vol %, preferably at least 70 vol %, especially preferably at least 80 vol. The two outer layers together are at least three times as thick as the central layer, preferably at least four times as thick. The polyethylene film is stretched in at least one direction.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer composition (TPE composition) with an improved adhesion to rubber based on cross-linked diene rubber mixtures is disclosed. The rubbers are preferably sulphur-cross-linkable and selected from the group natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR) or ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). In addition, the use of the thermoplastic elastomer composition for producing a composite material with a rubber, as well as an article that includes a thermoplastic elastomer composition and a rubber are disclosed. Further, a process for producing a thermoplastic elastomer composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A rubber composition is based on at least 80 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer) of a styrene/butadiene elastomer (SBR) referred to as low-Tg SBR, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of which is less than ?60° C.; at least 130 phr of reinforcing filler; at least 110 phr in total of a plasticizing system comprising a hydrocarbon-based resin at a content within a range extending from 70 to 100 phr and a plasticizing oil at a content within a range extending from 10 to 40 phr; and a vulcanization system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tire improved in the run flat durability, having at least one member selected from the group consisting of a side reinforcing rubber layer and a bead filler using a rubber composition having a tensile stress at 50% elongation at 180° C. (M50) of 6.2 MPa or more as a vulcanized rubber physical property.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tire improved in the run flat durability, having at least one member selected from the group consisting of a side reinforcing rubber layer and a bead filler using a rubber composition comprising a rubber component containing 20% by mass or more of a modified conjugated diene based polymer, satisfying Expression (1) in terms of the elongation X under a stress of 6.5 MPa at 180° C. and the elongation Y under a stress of 6.5 MPa at 25° C. after vulcanization. 1.00?X/Y?1.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a rubber composition prepared by mixing 60 to 100 parts by mass of a filler (B), 0.9 to 2.4 parts by mass of a phenol resin (C), 0.07 to 0.2 parts by mass of a methylene donor (D), 1.5 to 2.1 parts by mass of a thiuram based vulcanization accelerating agent (E), and 3.2 to 4.5 parts by mass of a sulfenamide based vulcanization accelerating agent (F), based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component comprising 20 to 80% by mass of a modified conjugated diene based polymer (A), allowing the ride comfort in normal running to be satisfied in parallel with improvement in the run flat durability (durability in run flat running); and a tire comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a side reinforcing rubber layer and a bead filler using the rubber composition.

Abstract: A first tire member manufacturing method includes an operation in which master batch is made, and an operation in which the master batch and high-cis polybutadiene rubber are mixed. The operation in which the master batch is made includes an operation in which carbon-black-containing pre-coagulation rubber latex is coagulated to obtain a coagulum, an operation in which a compound according to Formula (I) is added to the water-containing coagulum, and an operation in which the compound according to Formula (I) is dispersed within the coagulum. In Formula (I), R1 and R2 each indicates a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or an alkynyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. R1 and R2 may be the same or different, M+ indicates sodium ion, potassium ion, or lithium ion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire comprising a tread, the tread comprising a rubber composition comprising a diene elastomer, silica, a blocked mercaptosilane, and a low molecular weight polybutadiene functionalized with an alkoxysilane functional group.

Abstract: Provided is a composition capable of providing a formed article that, even when using continuous fibers, has excellent interfacial adhesion between the continuous fibers and a matrix resin, and as a result, has excellent mechanical strength (e.g., impact resistance and flexural strength). One aspect of a composition according to the present invention includes a polymer (A) including an amino group, fibers (B), and a thermoplastic resin (C), in which a content ratio of the fibers (B) is 70 parts by mass or more and 250 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin (C). Another aspect of the composition according to the present invention includes a polymer (A) including an amino group, a non-woven fabric (B?), and a thermoplastic resin (C).

Abstract: The present application discloses an organic light emitting diode display substrate. The organic light emitting diode display substrate includes a base substrate; an auxiliary cathode on the base substrate; a spacer layer on the base substrate and including a plurality of spacers; and a flexible transparent conductive layer on a side of each of the plurality of spacers distal to the base substrate. The flexible transparent conductive layer is electrically connected to the auxiliary cathode.

Abstract: A first tire member manufacturing method includes an operation in which master batch is made, and an operation in which the master batch and high-cis polybutadiene rubber are mixed. The operation in which the master batch is made includes an operation in which carbon-black-containing pre-coagulation rubber latex is coagulated to obtain a coagulum, an operation in which a compound according to Formula (I) is added to the water-containing coagulum, and an operation in which the compound according to Formula (I) is dispersed within the coagulum. In Formula (I), R1 and R2 each indicates a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbons, or an alkynyl group having 1 to 20 carbons. R1 and R2 may be the same or different, M+ indicates sodium ion, potassium ion, or lithium ion.

Abstract: A method for etching a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) structure is described. A stack of MTJ layers is provided on a bottom electrode in a substrate. The MTJ stack is etched to form a MTJ structure wherein portions of sidewalls of the MTJ structure are damaged by the etching. Thereafter, the substrate is removed from an etching chamber wherein sidewalls of the MTJ structure are oxidized. A physical cleaning of the MTJ structure removes damaged portions and oxidized portions of the MTJ sidewalls. Thereafter, without breaking vacuum, an encapsulation layer is deposited on the MTJ structure and bottom electrode.

Abstract: Provided herein are nanofibers comprising carbon precursors, nanofibers comprising carbon matrices, and processes for preparing the same. In specific examples, provided herein are high performance lithium ion battery anodic nanofibers comprising non-aggregated silicon domains in a continuous carbon matrix.

Abstract: A method of producing the composite reinforcing material includes a step of kneading at least a graphite-based carbon material and a reinforcing material into a base material. The graphite-based carbon material is characterized by having a rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) and a hexagonal graphite layer (2H), wherein a Rate (3R) of the rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) and the hexagonal graphite layer (2H), based on an X-ray diffraction method, which is defined by following Equation 1 is 31% or more: Rate(3R)=P3/(P3+P4)×100??(Equation 1) wherein P3 is a peak intensity of a (101) plane of the rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) based on the X-ray diffraction method, and P4 is a peak intensity of a (101) plane of the hexagonal graphite layer (2H) based on the X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: Elastomeric compositions containing a combination of selected carbon blacks. The resultant elastomers have improved durability and/or power generation. Such elastomers may be used in oilfield products, for example, as seals or stator liners. Methods of producing these elastomeric compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A conductive adhesive includes an adhesive of 80 to 90 wt % and a conductive fiber of 10 to 20 wt %. The conductive adhesive according to the present disclosure has excellent conductivity by mixing the conductive fiber with the one-component adhesive or the two-component adhesive to make electric conduction smoother, and to improve adhesion properties and durability regarding temperature changes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composites comprising rigid-rod polymers and graphene nanoparticles, processes for the preparation thereof, nanocomposite films and fibers comprising such composites and articles containing such nanocomposite films and fibers.

Abstract: There is provided an elastomer composition having both of a flexibility and a wear resistance at a low temperature, while having a high conductivity, and containing an elastomer component (A) including styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (a1) and propylene-based elastomer (a2); and containing 10 pts.mass or more and 100 pts.mass or less of a conductivity imparting agent (B), and 10 pts.mass or more and 300 pts.mass of less of a process oil (C) based on 100 pts.mass of the elastomer component (A).

Abstract: Provide is a rubber composition which is improved in rolling resistance and abrasion resistance at the same time without reducing a wet grip performance, and the rubber composition is prepared by compounding 100 parts by mass of a rubber component containing 30% by mass or more of polyisoprene with 2 to 200 parts by mass of carbon black having a hydrogen release rate of 0.2% by mass or more and/or a ratio of a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area N2SA and a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorption specific surface area CTAB, N2SA/CTAB, of 1.2 to 1.5 and a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area N2SA of 160 to 300 m2/g.

Abstract: A method includes forming a release film over a carrier, forming a metal post on the release film, encapsulating the metal post in an encapsulating material, performing a planarization on the encapsulating material to expose the metal post, forming a redistribution structure over the encapsulating material and the metal post, decomposing a first portion of the release film to separate a second portion of the release film from the carrier, and forming an opening in the release film to expose the metal post.

Abstract: An LED heat sink for vehicles includes an injection molded product of a thermally conductive resin composition. The thermally conductive resin composition includes 50 to 90 weight % of a thermoplastic polyester resin having a number average molecular weight of 12,000 to 70,000, and 10 to 50 weight % of a flaked graphite having a fixed carbon content of at least 98 mass %, and an aspect ratio of at least 21, and the thermally conductive resin composition has a specific gravity of 1.4 to 1.7, and an in-plane thermal conductivity of at least 1 W/(m·K).

Abstract: An improved graft polymerization method from general graphitic structures with organic based monomers through the mechanism of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization was developed. Organic hybrid nanomaterials comprising graphitic structures are covalently bonded via chemically reactive groups on the outer walls of the structure. Methods for forming the covalently bonded structures to many organic based monomers and/or polymers may occur through RAFT polymerization utilizing dithioester as a chain transfer agent. The method may also comprise nanocomposite formation of such organic hybrid nanomaterials with common plastic(s) to form graphitic nanocomposite reinforced plastic articles.

Abstract: Provided is a graphene composite primarily used as a conductive additive for forming an electrode for lithium ion batteries, which has performance equal to or higher than conventional dispersants and is deceased in cost by using an inexpensive and easily available dispersant. The graphene composite includes a graphene powder and a compound having a structure of pyrazolone.

Abstract: A film for a backlight unit including a semiconductor nanocrystal-polymer composite film including a semiconductor nanocrystal and a matrix polymer in which the semiconductor nanocrystal is dispersed, wherein the matrix polymer is a polymer produced by a polymerization of a multifunctional photo-curable oligomer, a mono-functional photo-curable monomer, and a multifunctional photo-curable cross-linking agent, the multifunctional photo-curable oligomer has an acid value of less than or equal to about 0.1 mg of KOH/g, and a content (A1) of a first structural unit derived from the multifunctional photo-curable oligomer, a content (A2) of a second structural unit derived from the mono-functional photo-curable monomer, and a content (A3) of a third structural unit derived from the multifunctional photo-curable cross-linking agent satisfy Equation 1: A1<(A2+A3).

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a tire member that can give a vulcanized rubber high in fatigue resistance. The method includes: (i) mixing carbon black, a dispersing solvent and a rubber latex solution with each other to produce a rubber latex solution including the carbon black; (ii) solidifying the resultant rubber latex solution including the carbon black to produce a rubber solidified product including the carbon black; (iii) adding, to the resultant rubber solidified product including the carbon black, a compound represented by the following formula (I): and dispersing the compound represented by the formula (I) into the rubber solidified product including the carbon black, this product containing water, while dehydrating the rubber solidified product including the carbon black to produce a wet rubber masterbatch; and (iv) adding, to the resultant wet rubber masterbatch, silica and a silane coupling agent, and dry-mixing these substances with each other.

Abstract: Methods of preparing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization with a metallocene catalyst and a methylaluminoxane co-catalyst in a solvent. The HDPE nanocomposites contain graphene nanofillers that promote the polymerization process, and are found to enhance the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and flame retardency of the HDPE nanocomposites produced.

Abstract: Functionalized graphene sheets having a carbon to oxygen molar ratio of at least about 23:1 and method of preparing the same.

Abstract: The crosslinkable rubber composition comprises a first elastomer consisting of polybutadiene having a Mooney plasticity ranging from 40 to 70 Mooney units, the content of the first elastomer being strictly greater than 50 phr, a second elastomer, and a carbon black having a specific surface area within a range of values extending from 15 m2/g to 25 m2/g and an oil adsorption number of compressed sample (COAN) within a range of values extending from 65 ml/100 g to 85 ml/100 g.

Abstract: There is provided a rubber tire-tread composition comprising (A) a rubber component comprising 45% by mass or higher of one or more isoprene-based rubbers selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers and synthetic isoprene rubbers, and (B) one or more C5/C9-based petroleum resins selected from the group consisting of aromatic-modified aliphatic petroleum resins and aliphatic-modified aromatic petroleum resins in an amount of 5 to 50 parts by mass, and (C) a fatty acid metal salt in an amount of 0.5 to 10 parts by mass of, both based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to magnetically aligned carbon nanoparticle composites and methods of preparing the same. The composites comprise carbon nanoparticles, host material, magnetically sensitive nanoparticles and surfactant. The composites may have enhanced mechanical, thermal, and/or electrical properties.

Abstract: Provide are a rubber composition for tire which is excellent in a wet grip performance and abrasion resistance and which has small rolling resistance and a low fuel consumption, and a tire prepared by using the above rubber composition. The rubber composition is prepared by compounding 100 parts by mass of a rubber component comprising a styrene-butadiene rubber or a styrene-butadiene rubber and a butadiene rubber with 2 to 200 parts by mass of carbon black as a reinforcing filler, wherein the carbon black has at least a hydrogen release rate of 0.2% by mass or more and/or a ratio N2SA/CTAB of 1.2 to 1.5 in which N2SA is a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area and CTAB is a cetyltributylammonium bromide adsorption specific surface area, and has a N2SA of 160 to 300 m2/g.

Abstract: A method of producing the composite reinforcing material includes a step of kneading at least a graphite-based carbon material and a reinforcing material into a base material. The graphite-based carbon material is characterized by having a rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) and a hexagonal graphite layer (2H), wherein a Rate (3R) of the rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) and the hexagonal graphite layer (2H), based on an X-ray diffraction method, which is defined by following Equation 1 is 31% or more: Rate(3R)=P3/(P3+P4)×100??(Equation 1) wherein P3 is a peak intensity of a (101) plane of the rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) based on the X-ray diffraction method, and P4 is a peak intensity of a (101) plane of the hexagonal graphite layer (2H) based on the X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: A composite conductive material includes at least graphene-like exfoliated from a graphite-based graphite carbon material and a conductive material dispersed in a base material. The graphite-based carbon material has a rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) and a hexagonal graphite layer (2H), wherein a Rate (3R) of the rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) and the hexagonal graphite layer (2H), based on an X-ray diffraction method, which is defined by following Equation 1 is 31% or more: Rate(3R)=P3/(P3+P4)×100??(Equation 1) wherein P3 is a peak intensity of a (101) plane of the rhombohedral graphite layer (3R) based on the X-ray diffraction method, and P4 is a peak intensity of a (101) plane of the hexagonal graphite layer (2H) based on the X-ray diffraction method.