Abstract: The invention provides aqueous multicolor compositions containing discrete hydrated colored globules dispersed in an aqueous dispersing medium containing a film forming material. To impart the enhanced properties of long term stability and resistance to application by means of brush and roller, the globules are obtained by reacting two or more pigment containing hydrophilic colloids selected from carboxylated cellulose colloids, polysaccaride gums and acrylic polymers with at least two metal cations selected from Fe.sup.3+, Al.sup.3+, Ca.sup.2+, and Mg.sup.2+. The thus obtained colored globules contain from 2.5 to 20.0% by weight of pigment and fillers and 10 to 40% by weight of a film forming resin. The globules constitute and are about 60 to 90% by weight of the final composition, while the dispersing medium is 40 to 10% by weight of the final composition.

Abstract: A biodegradable interpolymer and composition is prepared by the reactive blending of a synthetic polymer having functional groups with a naturally occurring biodegradable polymer such as a carbohydrate or protein compound. During reactive blending, the synthetic polymer can undergo a chemical reaction with the biodegradable natural polymer which results in covalent and physical bonding between the two polymers, thereby forming an interpolymer. By this process, a biodegradable interpolymer composition is produced that is suitable for molding various articles.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymeric composition including starch, at least one synthetic thermoplastic polymer and a plasticiser in which the plasticiser is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:a) polyols formed by from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that when the polyol is formed by only one repeating unit it has at least 4 carbon atoms, with the exclusion of sorbitol,b) ethers, thioethers, inorganic and organic esters, acetals and amino-derivatives of polyols formed by from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms with the exclusion of acetic esters of glycerine, triethyl citrate and tributyl citrate,c) polyol reaction products having from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms with chain extenders;d) polyol oxidation products having from 1 to 20 repeating hydroxylated units each including from 2 to 6 carbon atoms including at least one aldehydic or carboxylic functi

Abstract: A molding based on finely divided organic and/or inorganic materials containing, as binder, the solid component of an aqueous polymer dispersion which is obtainable by polymerizing unsaturated monomers which can be polymerized by means of free radicals in the aqueous phase in the presence of a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, oxidatively, hydrolytically and/or enzymatically degraded polysaccharide, chemically modified monosaccharide, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide, or a mixture of the said compounds, by the process of free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Non-toxic polymeric compositions suitable for use in the handling and packaging of foods, beverages or pharmaceuticals, or for use in medical devices, are stabilized against thermal and oxidative degradation with a organosulfide antioxidant having no more than 5 parts per million of free mercaptan groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to elastomers and articles reinforced with 5 to 30 phr Chitosan particles having a diameter of 0.5 to 75 microns. In an illustrated embodiment, the Chitosan may be modified with an oxygen reactive group or a nitrogen reactive group to make the Chitosan more reactive with an elastomer. Also provided is an economical method of incorporating very fine Chitosan particles into an elastomer matrix. In the method Chitosan is dissolved in an acid and mixed with a coagulating liquid (for coagulating latex), and the mixture of chitosan/coagulating liquid is mixed with a latex solution to provide an elastomer/chitosan composite. The elastomer/chitosan composite may be used as formed or it can be used as a masterbatch and mixed with more elastomer.

Abstract: Co-oligmers of the formula R.sub.f --E.sub.m --(S).sub.n --[M.sub.1 ].sub.x --[M.sub.2 ].sub.y --H and mixtures thereof, wherein R.sub.f is a perfluoroalkyl group, E is a linkage group, M.sub.1 represents a non-ionic hydrophilic monomer unit, M.sub.2 represents an anionic hydrophilic monomer unit, n and m are optionally 0 or 1, and x and y represent the number of monomer units present in the novel co-oligomers, the sum of x and y being between 5 and 200, and y/(x+y) being between 0.01 and 0.98; are useful as additives in polar-solvent fire-fighting compositions when used in conjunction with polysaccharides and other adjuvants. They improve dynamic foam stability and vapor suppressing ability of the foam, thereby reducing the flammability of polar solvent contaminated foams and consequently improving extinguishment and burnback resistance.

Abstract: A fire-retardant composition for rendering a combustible hydrophilic substrate resistant to combustion and flaming is disclosed. Also disclosed are processes employing said composition for rendering a hydrophilic substrate resistant to combustion, as well as structural material made fire-resistant by such a process. The composition is a thermoset formed by combining two resins, which can be either made and stored separately for long periods until use or stored as a partially polymerized liquid mixture. The resins are water soluble and heat-curable to form the thermoset. The first resin comprises polyols derived preferably from a carbohydrate such as maltodextrin having substituent groups occupying a portion of the available hydroxyls derived from monoammonium phosphate, urea, phosphoric acid, and glyoxal. The second resin can be a methylol-melamine-formaldehyde, methylol-urea-formaldehyde, or methylol-phenol-formaldehyde formulation.

Abstract: A method for preparing stabilized, rehydratable polyacrylamide gels, wherein the stabilizers employed include substituted monosaccharides where the hydroxyl group of the carbon 1 is substituted with a non-charged group comprising an .alpha.-methyl group or an oligosaccharide having from 2 to about 8 repeating units which can be the same or different. These rehydratable gels can be stored for extended periods of time at ambient temperatures, and can be rehydrated without loss of structural or functional integrity to be used for electrophoretic separation of proteins and nucleic acids.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel contains the steps of charging an aqueous solution of a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of not less than 95 mol % and an average polymerization degree of not less than 500 into a container, the aqueous solution containing the polyvinyl alcohol in a concentration of not less than 5 wt. %, cooling the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol at a temperature of from - (minus) 9.degree. C. to - (minus) 3.degree. C., subjecting the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol to physical stimulation, and then maintaining the aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol at a temperature of from - (minus) 5.degree. C. to + (plus) 5.degree. C. The polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel may be contained in a plastic container. An MRI phanton is composed of the plastic container containing such polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

Abstract: Metal ion crosslinked superabsorbent polymers and a process for making them are described wherein high concentrations of polyhydroxylated materials are incorporated in order to reduce the sensitivity of the superabsorbent composition to solutions containing dissolved salts. Also provided is a process for forming crosslinked superabsorbents containing high solids polymer content.

Abstract: A vulcanizable rubber mixture contains imbedded therein copper alloy based reinforcing elements and forms a durable bond to such copper alloy based reinforcing elements during vulcanization. Therefore, the vulcanizable rubber mixture has added thereto a bonding additive containing at least one monosaccharide which is selected from the group of ketoses. This bonding additive is unobjectionable particularly in toxicological terms and can be admixed and processed without problems. The thus formed vulcanized materials possesses very good characteristics with respect to moisture resistance and oxidative aging.

Abstract: A composition comprises a thermoplastic or polymeric resin; an organic peroxide; and an organic sulfide antioxidant represented by Formula I, II or III: ##STR1## wherein m, n, r, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as set forth in the Summary of the Invention.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition comprising a polymeric engineering resin selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyarylethers, polyamides, polyesters, polyacetals, polyaryl sulfides, cellulose esters and styrene copolymers; and an amount of an organic sulfide antioxidant sufficient to stabilize the resin against oxidative or thermal degradation during processing and use, the organic sulfide antioxidant being represented by Formula I, II, or III: ##STR1## wherein m, n, R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as set forth in the Summary of the Invention.

Abstract: Novel thermotropic hydrogel forming polymers are described, which are ramdom copolymers of N,N-dimethyacrylamide with methoxy-ethyl acrylate or methacrylate. The linear polymers exhibit in water a lower-critical-solution-temperature (LCST) between 0.degree. and 70.degree. C. The water swelling of the crosslinked polymers is extremely temperature dependent and the gels show sharply defined clear to opaque transitions. The novel polymers are useful in drug delivery systems, absorption and extraction processes and as qualitative thermometers, thermosensors and self-activating sunscreens, for example for greenhouses.

Abstract: Organic sulfide antioxidants useful for stabilizing polyolefins against oxidative and thermal degradation during processing and use represented by Formula I: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 2 to 15;R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 2 to 30 carbons, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 20 carbons a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 2 to 30 carbons where any of up to 6 carbon atoms are replaced with an O or S heteroatom, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group of 5 to 20 carbons where any of up to 6 carbon atoms are replaced with an O or S heteroatom, with the proviso that the heteroatoms must be separated from each other and from the portion of the compound to which the R group is bonded by at least one carbon atom, the substituents for R being --OH, --SR.sup.4 or -- OR.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is an alkyl group of 1 to 30 carbons or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 20 carbons;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently H or an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbons; andR.

Abstract: An improved spandex polymer composition provides fibers or films of the composition with increased heat set efficiency and greater discoloration resistance. The composition contains zinc oxide and a polyhydroxy additive selected from certain sugars, reduced sugars and/or polyhydroxy urethanes formed from these sugars or reduced sugars and an organic diisocyanate.

Abstract: A lyophilized pharmaceutical composition comprised of a neocarzinostatin derivative having the formula (SMA)-(NCS)-(SMA), is made by a method including dissolving the neocarzinostatin derivative and stabilizing agent comprising at least one saccharide selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides and dextran in an aqueous buffer solution having a pH ranging from about 7.5 to about 9.5, the stabilizing agent being present in an amount by weight (titer) which is at least equal to that of the neocarzinostatin derivative, to provide a solution; adjusting the pH of the solution to provide a pH-adjusted solution having a pH of about 8.0.+-.0.5; sterilizing the pH-adjusted solution by filtration to provide a sterilized solution; and lyophilizing the sterilized solution.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing thermosetting resins comprises reacting a first compound bearing at least one aldehyde function and a second organic compound bearing at least one hydrogen function. The first chemical is an agricultural by-product containing at least one sugar which can be transformed by hydrolysis into a sugar bearing at least one aldehyde function. Such resins are intended in particular for the manufacture of plywood and particle boards.

Abstract: A substance based on polyurethane from which biodegradable materials can be obtained by rolling comprises, as well as a polyurethane resin serving as its essential constituent, a carbohydrate, at least one second thermoplastic polymer which is miscible in the molten state with the polyurethane resin and/or at least one third biodegradable polymer chosen from among biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, preferably of the same nature as the polyurethane resin used.

Abstract: Disclosed are selected 4-acyl-2,6-dialkylphenyl adducts of mono- and polysaccharides, which are useful an antioxidants in organic materials (e.g. polyolefins) normally subject to oxidative degradation.

Abstract: Conventional polyvinyl alcohol envelopes will not readily dissolve in wash water which has a significant borate concentration and a pH frequently encountered in wash liquors. Herein, such films are rendered sufficiently soluble in such solutions. In the preferred embodiment this is done by utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol film wherein at least a portion of the polyvinyl alcohol has a number average molecular weight below about 50,000, or a polyvinyl alcohol film containing a polyhydroxy compound having a binding constant with borate of at least about 800M.sup.-2, or utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol film having an acid having an acid dissociation constant of 10.sup.-9 M or larger; or a polyvinyl alcohol film containing mixtures thereof.

Abstract: This invention provides a solid coating composition comprising:(A) at least one of a vinyl resin resin and a cellulose resin;(B) a least one of a ketone resin and a xylene resin;(C) an acrylic resin comprising about 40 to about 90% by weight of methyl methacrylate, about 10 to about 60% by weight of at least one of acrylic acid, an acrylic acid derivative, methacrylic acid and a methacrylic acid derivative other than methyl methacrylate, and up to about 10% by weight of a copolymerizable monomer;(D) at least one of benzylidene sorbitol, dibenzylidene sorbitol, tribenzylidene sorbitol and a derivative thereof;(E) at least one of an ether of a glycol, ether ester of a glycol and a benzoic acid ester; and(F) a pigment.The solid coating composition is easy to handle and easy to apply, gives coating film of excellent film properties, and has other excellent advantages.

Abstract: High oxygen barrier characteristics over a wide range of humidity conditions is achieved with a coating formed by an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin having a sugar additive uniformly dispersed therein by dissolution with the resin in a liquid carrier forming a solvent of a coating solution through which the additive modified resin coating is applied to a passive substrate.

Abstract: Aqueous, organic polymer compositions, such as urethane- or acrylic-based coating compositions, can be improved with respect to strength, adhesion, anticorrosion and/or hardness by mixing them with certain aqueous, silicon compound emulsion compositions. For example, silicone resin emulsions provide improved corrosion resistance for urethane coating compositions. The aqueous, silicon compound emulsion composition comprises a primary, a secondary and a tertiary surfactant.

Abstract: Polyionene-transformed modified polymer-polysaccharide separation matrix and use thereof in removing contaminants of microorganism origin from biological liquids are disclosed.

Abstract: A resinous composition comprising:(i) at least one copolyester-carbonate resin;(ii) at least one polyester resin; and(iii) a minor amount of at least one polyol.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin is homogeneously mixed with a carbohydrate additive within a predetermined weight ratio range and then extruded under the usual extrusion temperature and pressure conditions to enhance physical properties of the extruded material.

Abstract: The invention described herein comprises a two component sealant composition and process for applying the same for repair of ruptures, holes, cracks, etc., in hoses, pipes, tires, etc. The first component is an alpha-cyanoacrylate glue which is applied as a layer covering the rupture or crack and after a very short period the second component, a powder, is applied to the surface of the alpha-cyanoacrylate. This second component comprises a polymerization initiator having hydroxyl and/or carboxylate groups therein, such as carbohydrate, i.e., saccharides, etc., hydrolyzed polyvinylacetate, etc. A particularly preferred initiator is alginate.

Abstract: Hair care uses of polydiorganosiloxanes containing aminoalkyl groups modified by alkoxycarbonylalkyl substituents are described. The modified aminoalkyl silicones exhibit improved deposition on hair and can be formulated into shampoos, conditioners, rinses, creams, gels, aerosol foams or sprays, and permanent waving products.

Abstract: Dry material which can be hydrated into an aqueous gel comprising (1) a matrix comprising a macromolecular substance A, capable of forming a porous aqueous gel when it is in the presence of water, (2) a water-soluble linear polymer B, (3) a plasticizer for the macromolecular substance A and, (4) dispersed in the matrix, particles of a polymer C obtained from at least one water-immiscible monomer.The material can be obtained by mixing an aqueous solution of A with the polymer B, the plasticizer and a latex of polymer C, followed by cooling, shaping and drying of the aqueous gel obtained.The dry material can be used in biological applications after rehydration.

Abstract: Ocular inserts with or without pharmacologically active agents comprising low molecular weight polymers have a lower propensity to cause blurred vision compared with inserts prepared from high molecular weight hydroxypropyl cellulose. When an enteric coating material is included as a constituent of the matrix there is provided a means for controlling and predicting dissolution rates of the insert to yield a prolonged residence time.

Abstract: A writing ink composition having a pseudoplasticity index value between about 0.02 and 0.18, a low-shear viscosity between about 25,000 and 120,000 cP, and a high-shear viscosity between about 6 and 26 cP can be used in a hybrid, ball-point marking instrument which combines advantageous features of both paste-ink and liquid-ink ballpens. The writing ink can be prepared using a colloid milling procedure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a synthetic leather which comprises converting a leather perfume into the corresponding cyclodextrin clathrate compound, powdering the clathrate compound by drying, mixing the powder with a synthetic resin material and molding the mixture to form a synthetic leather material, thus imparting a natural leather-like material odor to the synthetic leather.

Abstract: A synthetic resin product which contains various substances such as perfumes, insectifuges/insecticides, rust preventives, mold/mildes-proofing or anti-fungi agents which are inactivated by forming an inclusion compound thereof in cyclodextrin and coated with glycitol(s) to thereby prolong the duration period thereof. A process for the production of the same is further disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a water resistant composition which comprises (A) polyvinyl alcohol, (B) a chitosan of which aqueous 1% solution has a viscosity not greater than 70 centipoise at 20.degree. C. and (C) an aldehyde compound, as well as a heat-sensitive recording sheet which comprises said composition. The composition has excellent water resistant properties and the heat-sensitive recording sheet has improved color forming properties and excellent resistance to water and solvents.

Abstract: The process of preparing a formaldehyde-free, thermosetting resin which is especially useful for bonding lignocellulosic materials together to form plywood or particle board, which process comprises first reacting an aqueous preparation containing a carbohydrate raw material with a mineral acid to convert the carbohydrate to polymerizable reactants and second reacting the polymerizable reactants with ammonia to form the thermosetting resin. The resin can be further cross-linked to form an insoluble resinous material by heating.

Abstract: The fire retardant characteristics of a melt producable plastic is enhanced by mixing with the plastic a fire retardant compound and a glycoside.

Abstract: Wood surfaces are bonded together by heating and pressing with a bonding composition containing, on a bonding agent solids basis, from 10-70% of one or more sugars and from 90-30% of an aminoplast, and the bonding composition being used in an amount equal to the amount of straight condensation resin which would normally be used, i.e. the sugar replaces a quantity of condensation resin normally used thereby reducing the total quantity of condensation resin, thereby reducing cost and formaldehyde emissions and without any disadvantages.

Abstract: A paint spray booth masking composition comprising:______________________________________ Ingredients % by weight ______________________________________ Water 30-50 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 2-30 Saccharide 16-60 Water-soluble surfactant 0.07-0.13 Preservative 0.05-0.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol containing one or more 1,4-monoanhydrohexitols and/or one or more 1,4-3,6-dianhydrohexitols and its use for the production of composite films by coextrusion, coating, doubling and lamination.

Abstract: A thermosetting adhesive resin suitable for binding lignocellulosic materials to form products, such as plywood or particle board, is prepared by heating an aqueous sugar or starch solution in the presence of an inorganic acid or its ammonium salt and a metal ion catalyst to obtain a partially polymerized resin which is reacted with an organic acid anhydride just prior to application to the lignocellulosis materials. The adhesive formula contains no formaldehyde and the preferred aqueous solutions are whey or whey byproduct concentrates.

Abstract: A polyethylene terephthalate moulding composition is disclosed having uniformly dispersed therein 10-25,000 ppm of caramel as a colorant. The colorant is non-toxic, does not affect the transparency of the polyester, and does not cause aldehyde formation. The caramel may have been formed in situ from a mono- or disaccharide which has been added to the bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate before or during polycondensation or to the molten polyester. The color may have been intensified by adding an alkaline reacting compound. The composition may moreover contain further colorants. The composition is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of food containers such as boxes, trays and bottles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new modified azulmic acids, several processes for their preparation and their use as intermediate products for the synthesis of numerous products.

Abstract: A polyolefin plastic composition having improved transparency is provided which comprises a polymer selected from aliphatic polyolefins and copolymers containing at least one aliphatic olefin and one or more ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic comonomers, and a di-acetal of sorbitol in an amount sufficient to improve transparency; said di-acetal of sorbitol having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy, methoxy, mono- and di-alkylamino, nitro and halogen, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of phenol and formaldehyde are stabilized with at least one carbohydrate such as saccharose, glucose, fructose, maltose, starch hydrolysates or molasses. The solutions are condensable and usable for preparing A-stage phenolic resin (resols).

Abstract: Corn syrup is used to extend and stiffen carpet backing adhesive containing a carboxylated styrene butadiene copolymer latex.

Abstract: A method of providing an adhesive resin and methods of providing glue mixes useful in plywood manufacture are provided. Also provided is a method of manufacturing plywood. An alkyl glycoside, e.g. methyl glucoside, is utilized in various ways in the manufacture of an adhesive resin, a glue mix and/or, a plywood panel to contribute various properties thereto. The plywood panel is useful as a structural material in a variety of settings.