Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a nucleator masterbatch, by which a nucleator masterbatch capable of improving the transparency and the physical properties of an olefin resin can be produced. This method is a method of producing a masterbatch in which a nucleator is blended in an olefin polymer, the method being characterized by comprising the step of polymerizing an olefin monomer with incorporation of a nucleator component, which is dissolved in an organoaluminum compound or in an organoaluminum compound and an organic solvent, before or during polymerization of the olefin monomer such that the nucleator component is blended in an amount of 0.05 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the olefin polymer obtained by the polymerization of the olefin monomer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method capable of producing an olefin resin composition for a home electric appliance materials and automotive interior materials that has good color tone and shows excellent fogging resistance, in which method the total amount of stabilizer(s) to be added is reduced and cost reduction can thus be attained. The method of producing an olefin resin composition for an automotive interior material by polymerization of an olefin monomer according to the present invention is characterized by comprising the step of adding, before or during the polymerization of an olefin monomer, 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing an olefin resin composition by which an olefin resin composition in which reduction in the physical properties and occurrence of yellowing after a sterilization treatment by irradiation with radiation are suppressed can be produced. The method of producing an olefin resin composition according to the present invention is a method of producing an olefin resin composition for a molded article to be used after a sterilization treatment by irradiation with radiation, the method comprising: blending, before or during polymerization of an olefin monomer, a phenolic antioxidant, which is represented by the following Formula (1) and masked with an organoaluminum compound, in an amount of 0.001 to 0.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of an olefin resin obtained by the polymerization; and blending, at any one point of before, during or after the polymerization of the olefin monomer, a phosphorus-based antioxidant in an amount of 0.

Abstract: An ultraviolet ray curable ink composition adapted to be ejected by using an ink jet method is provided. The ultraviolet ray curable ink composition includes a polymerizable compound and metal powder. The metal powder is constituted from metal particles subjected to a surface treatment with a fluorine type silane compound and/or a fluorine type phosphoric acid ester as a surface treatment agent. A polymerizable compound includes a monomer having an alicyclic structure. This makes it possible to provide the ultraviolet ray curable ink composition which has excellent storage stability, can provide excellent dispersion stability of the metal particles of the metal powder. A printed object is also provided. Such a printed object is produced by using the ultraviolet ray curable ink composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the polymerization in an aqueous medium of monomers, and especially of fluoromonomers, using non-fluorinated surfactants; and the fluoropolymers formed therefrom. Specifically, the method of the polymerization uses one or more non-fluorinated surfactants selected from the group consisting of polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and salts thereof. Additionally, the use of polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid as surfactants in aqueous free radical polymerization is also novel.

Abstract: The invention provides aqueous polymer dispersions comprising polyalkylene glycol block copolymers containing phosphorus groups of the formula (I) in which A is a hydrogen atom or a phosphate group PO3M2, M is a hydrogen atom or a sodium, potassium or ammonium ion, m is a number from 1 to 100 and n is a number from 3 to 100.

Abstract: An ultraviolet ray curable ink composition is provided. The ultraviolet ray curable ink composition contains a polymerizable compound; and an aluminum pigment subjected to a surface treatment with a phosphate compound. The aluminum pigment subjected to the surface treatment with the phosphate compound is subjected to an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer to obtain an X-ray photoelectron spectrum having a wave form. Thereafter, when a waveform separation was performed by using a Voigt function in such an X-ray photoelectron spectrum, the X-ray photoelectron spectrum has peaks in the rage of 190 eV or more but 192 eV or less. A printed object is also provided. The printed object is produced by applying the ultraviolet ray curable ink composition onto a recording medium, and then irradiating the ultraviolet ray curable ink composition with an ultraviolet ray.

Abstract: A composition which comprises polylactide and has excellent heat stability, color and hydrolytic resistance. The composition comprises (i) polylactide, (ii) a metal catalyst and (iii) a hypophosphorous acid-based deactivator or a metaphosphoric acid-based deactivator.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent composite material comprising a cured product of a three-dimensionally crosslinkable resin composition containing tabular inorganic substance having a number-average particle size of 10 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 300 dispersed therein, which material has a small coefficient of thermal expansion against surrounding temperature changes and can be suitably applicable as substrate for display devices, to thereby overcome disadvantages in substrate for display devices using conventional materials that differences in thermal shrinkage between a substrate and an transparent electrode cause cracks in the transparent electrode, resulting in increasing resistance and causing disconnection, and further can provide a display device with high durability.

Abstract: The invention provides metal powder constituted from metal particles. Each of the metal particles comprises a base particle having a surface and a metal material constituting at least the surface of the base particle. The base particle is subjected to a surface treatment with a fluorine type phosphoric acid ester. Further, the invention also provides an ultraviolet ray curable ink jet composition to be ejected by using an ink jet method. The ultraviolet ray curable ink jet composition comprises a polymerizable compound and metal powder constituted from metal particles. The metal particles of the metal powder are subjected to a surface treatment with a fluorine type phosphoric acid ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. The present invention further relates to the use of both anionic and nonionic Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization. Latexes with small average particle and narrow particle size distributions are obtained. Prepared latexes also have low coagulum levels and exhibit excellent mechanical and chemical stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. The present invention further relates to the use of both anionic and nonionic Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization. Latexes with small average particle and narrow particle size distributions are obtained. Prepared latexes also have low coagulum levels and exhibit excellent mechanical and chemical stability.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided, comprising polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium to form a dispersion of fluoropolymer particles in the aqueous medium, said polymerizing being carried out in the presence of (i) polymerization initiator, and (ii) hydrocarbon-containing surfactant stabilizing the dispersion of fluoropolymer particles, the hydrocarbon-containing surfactant being passivated to reduce its the telogenic behavior.

Abstract: Provided is a polyolefin-based resin composition having sufficient stabilizing effect and excellent cost performance. The polyolefin-based resin composition according to the present invention comprises a polyolefin-based resin obtained by polymerization of an olefin-based monomer with an addition of a phenolic antioxidant represented by the following Formula (I): (wherein, R represents a C1-C30 alkyl group or C2-C30 alkylene group which is optionally branched and/or optionally has a cycloalkyl group, a C3-C12 cycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted or a C6-C18 aryl group which is optionally substituted), which phenolic antioxidant is masked with an organic aluminum compound, and a phosphorus-based antioxidant to a catalyst system or polymerization system before or during the polymerization of the olefin-based monomer, in which polyolefin-based resin composition, the phenolic antioxidant represented by the Formula (I) and the phosphorus-based antioxidant are added in an amount of 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates as surfactants in emulsion polymerization. The present invention further relates to the use of both anionic and nonionic Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylates in emulsion polymerization. Latexes with small average particle and narrow particle size distributions are obtained. Prepared latexes also have low coagulum levels and exhibit excellent mechanical and chemical stability.

Abstract: An emulsion polymerization process for the production of fluoroelastomers is disclosed wherein at least one fluorosurfactant is employed as dispersant, said fluorosurfactant being a fluoroalkylphosphoric acid ester of the formula X—Rf-(CH2)n—O—P(O)(OM)2, wherein n=1 or 2, X=H or F, M=a univalent cation, and Rf is a C4-C6 fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy group. Optionally, a second dispersing agent may be employed in the polymerization, said second agent being a perfluoropolyether having at least one endgroup selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, a salt thereof, sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, phosphoric acid and a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nanocomposite of an isobutylene-based elastomer and a phosphate nanofiller. Also disclosed is a nanocomposite embodiment wherein the elastomer is BIMSM and high aspect ratio, partially intercalated, partially exfoliated alpha-zirconium phosphate treated with amine or amide. A dispersion aid can include a low molecular weight polymer or oligomer, optionally functionalized with a polar group. The nanocomposite is suitable for use as an air barrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition suitable for catalysis in a process for the manufacture of polyester containing as Component I a carrier substance on which catalytically effective metal compounds are adsorbed and as Component II a phosphonic acid compound.

Abstract: A polyester based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) consisting essentially of trimethylene terephthalate repeating units, comprising at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds and manganese compounds in an amount of 10 to 150 ppm expressed in terms of the metal element in a molar ratio of the total amount of elements of the contained alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements and manganese element to the amount of the contained phosphorus element within the range of the following formula (I): 0?P/M?1??(I) wherein, P is the molar amount of the phosphorus element in the polyester; M is the total amount of the alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements and manganese element.

Abstract: A knitted/woven fabric of polyester fibers is produced from a polyester polymer obtained by condensation-polymerizing an aromatic dicarboxylate in the presence of a catalyst which comprises a mixture of a titanium compound ingredient (A) comprising a titanium alkoxide and at least one product of the reaction of the titanium alkoxide with a specific carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a specific phosphorus compound ingredient (B) and/or comprises a product of the reaction of a titanium compound ingredient (C) with a specific phosphorus compound ingredient (D). The knitted/woven fabric obtained has a satisfactory color tone (low value of b*) and is excellent in suitability for knitting/weaving and dyeability.

Abstract: A poly(ethylene aromatic dicarboxylate ester) resin usable for the production of fibers, films and bottle-formed articles, is produced by polycondensing a diester of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with ethylene glycol by using a catalyst including a non-reacted mixture or reaction product of a titanium compound component including at least one member selected from titanium alkoxides and reaction products of the titanium alkoxides with aromatic polyvalent carboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, with a specific phosphorus compound, in which catalyst the contents of titanium and phosphorus elements are controlled.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel polymerization catalyst other than antimony compounds, polyester produced by using the same and a process for producing polyester. The polycondensation catalyst of this invention is a polyester polymerization catalyst comprising an aluminum compound and a phosphorus compound having a specific structure. Further, this invention relates to polyester produced by using this polyester polymerization catalyst and a process for producing polyester. Further, this invention relates to fibers, films and hollow molded articles comprising the polyester.

Abstract: A composition that can be used as catalyst in esterification, transesterification or polycondensation is disclosed, which comprises a stable solution comprising (a) titanium in the form of a titanium ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid or its salt, (b) a C1–C6 carboxylic acid, and (c) zinc in the form of a water-soluble zinc salt, and (d) water; and substantially free of an alkanolamine, an aminocarboxylic acid, or combinations two or more thereof. Also disclosed is an esterification, transesterification or polycondensation process, which comprises contacting, in the presence of the solution composition, an organic acid or its ester or its salt with an alcohol, optionally in the presence of a phosphorus compound, an organic or inorganic toning agent such as cobalt acetate, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process that comprises contacting, in the presence of an esterification or transesterification or polycondensation catalyst composition, a toner, and a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound and an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, or polymerization.

Abstract: A continuous process for converting by transesterification the diester of polytetramethylene ether (PTMEA) to the corresponding polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG). The process is characterized by the fact that the feed, consisting of PTMEA along with an alkanol (preferably methanol) and with an alkali metal oxide, hydroxide or alkoxide catalyst (preferably sodium methaoxide) is made to react in two multistaged reactions in series. In the first reactant, including stages of retention in association with distillation trays of high efficiency, the bulk of conversion is achieved by stripping the alkanol ester formed in the transesterification with vapors of hot alkanol having a reduced content of alkanol ester. The transesterification is completed in the second reaction by stripping the effluent from the first reactor with vapors of hot alkanol almost free of alkanol ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decreasing the cyclic oligomer content level in the manufacturing process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and in the PET products produced from said process by adding calcium phosphate at least one selected from the group consisting of a Ca3(PO4)2 structure and a Ca5OH(PO4)3 structure, and a carboxy phosphonic acid having a structure (1) as follows: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are alkyls or hydrogen atoms and R is an alkyl. The method of the prevent invention restrains the production of cyclic oligomers in the polyester chips produced and also decreases the cyclic oligomers regenerated in the rear-end melting process stage of the invention.

Abstract: A method for the production of polyurethane products using very low unsaturation polyether polyols prepared in the presence of aluminum phosphonate catalysts is disclosed. Reaction products of the process include various polyurethane products including foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers. The aluminum phosphonate catalyst preferably has a general structure of RPO-(OAlR′R″)2, wherein O represents oxygen, P represents pentavalent phosphorous, Al represents aluminum, R comprises a hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, and R′ and R″ independently comprise a halide, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aryloxy group.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer dispersion containing a vinyl acetate-ethylene polymer, a phosphate-functional surfactant, and a protective colloid. The invention is also directed to an aqueous coating composition having at least 65 percent by volume of pigment, on a dry solids volume basis and an amount effective to produce good scrub resistance of up to 25 percent by weight of the vinyl acetate-ethylene binder.

Abstract: This invention is related to a process for preparing polyester polymers using a composite catalyst comprises the steps of 1) esterifying naphthalene dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acids containing NDCA or ester derivatives thereof, with ethylene glycol or glycols containing ethylene glycol or derivatives thereof to produce esterified compounds or its low molecular weight polymers; and then 2) continuously polycondensing the obtained esterification product to produce polyester polymers; and wherein the process includes using a composite polymerization catalyst which was prepared by reacting titanium compounds and cobalt compounds in the solution containing at least one alcohol. The process yields high quality polyester polymers having a good color and excellent physical properties. The process can considerably reduce both the esterification time and the polycondensation time.

Abstract: To a copolyester reacted essentially by terephthalic acid components and ethylene glycol units, adding 1% to 15 weight % of specific diol unit selected from the group consisting of at least one of 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol and hydroxypivalyl hydroxypivalate; or adding 0 to 1.0 mole % of mulfunctional group components consisting of at least one or more of trimellitic acid, trimellitic anhydride and trimethylol propane; and adding 0.01 to 0.5 weight % of compound represented by the following formula: can improve the color hue of the copolyester, and increase the reaction rate of the copolyester subjecting to solid phase polymerization, therefore improve the color hue of the shaped articles produced therefrom; furthermore, reduce the decline degree of the intrinsic viscosity after melt processing.

Abstract: A polyester having a good color tone, an excellent forming property and a high resistance to cohesion of foreign substance around a melt-spinning orifice when the polyester is melt-spun, is produced by polymerizing an aromatic difunctional carboxylic acid—alkyleneglycol ester and/or oligomer thereof in the presence of a catalyst including a reaction product of (A) a Ti compound component including a Ti compound (1) of formula (I) or a Ti compound (2) produced by reacting the Ti compound (1) with an aromatic difunctional carboxylic acid of the formula (III) or anhydride thereof, with (B) a P compound component selected from P compound (3) of the formula (III). [R1=C2-C10alkyl group; p=1-3, n=2-4, R2=substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20aryl or C1-C20 alkyl group, m=1 or 2, q=0 or 1, and m+q=1 or 2].

Abstract: A composition that can be used as catalyst is disclosed. The composition comprises, or is produced by combining, (A) a titanium compound; (B) either (i) a complexing agent, (ii) a combination of a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or a salt thereof, and optionally a solvent, a zirconium compound, or both, (iii) combinations thereof; (C) a phosphorus compound; and optionally a solvent. Also disclosed is a process that can be used for producing a polyester. The process comprises contacting, in the presence of an esterification or transesterification or polycondensation catalyst composition and a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound and an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, or polymerization. Further disclosed is a process to make polyester with reduced insoluble particles or solids using a phosphorus compound other than the commonly used phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A composition that can be used as catalyst is disclosed. The composition comprises, or is produced by combining, (A) a titanium compound; (B) either (i) a complexing agent, (ii) a combination of a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or a salt thereof, and optionally a solvent, a zirconium compound, or both, (iii) combinations thereof; (C) a phosphorus compound; and optionally a solvent. Also disclosed is a process that can be used for producing a polyester. The process comprises contacting, in the presence of an esterification or transesterification or polycondensation catalyst composition and a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound and an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, or polymerization. Further disclosed is a process to make polyester with reduced insoluble particles or solids using a phosphorus compound other than the commonly used phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A composition that can be used as catalyst is disclosed. The composition comprises, or is produced by combining, (A) a titanium compound; (B) either (i) a complexing agent, (ii) a combination of a complexing agent, hypophosphorous acid or a salt thereof, and optionally a solvent, a zirconium compound, or both, (iii) combinations thereof; (C) a phosphorus compound; and optionally a solvent. Also disclosed is a process that can be used for producing a polyester. The process comprises contacting, in the presence of an esterification or transesterification or polycondensation catalyst composition and a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound and an alcohol under a condition suitable for esterification, transesterification, or polymerization. Further disclosed is a process to make polyester with reduced insoluble particles or solids using a phosphorus compound other than the commonly used phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for decreasing the cyclic oligomer content in polyester which effectively restrains the production of the cyclic oligomer in ester chips and further decreases the amount of regenerated cyclic oligomer at the melting process stage by adding the additive, during the process of manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate, with the following structure:

Abstract: Disclosed is a cis-bridged metal complex of the formula (I) where R5 is an electron-withdrawing radical, and catalyst systems based on these complexes for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and olefinically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A melt condensation polymerization process for preparing siloxane copolycarbonates is provided. The process includes reacting an aromatic dihydroxy compound, carbonic acid diester, hydroxyaryl terminated polydiorganosiloxane and catalyst with a salt.

Abstract: The present invention includes new compositions for making polyurethane and polyurethane foam compositions. These compositions comprise the reaction product of an isocyanate A-Side and a B-Side comprising: (i) a polyol having a molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol or more, and having an average functionality of 2.0 or greater; (ii) a polyol having a Tg of about −80° C. or less, and having a molecular weight of about 1000 g/mol or more, and having an average functionality of 2.0 or greater; and(iii) a polyhydric alcohol having a molecular weight of about 90 g/mol or more, and having an average functionality of 3.0 or more. In the case of polyurethane foam compositions, the system also comprises water. The invention also includes processes for making the polyurethane and polyurethane foam compositions, as well as methods of adhering the same to cosmetic layers comprising thermoplastic, acrylic, and gel coat materials. The invention also includes articles made from these reinforced cosmetic layers.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic polyester resins, in which the resin obtained from the polycondensation phase in the molten state conducted by utilizing a titanium based compound as a catalyst, is subjected to a solid state polycondensation reaction in the presence of a dianhydride of a tetracarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Linear, alternating .alpha.-olefin-CO copolymers are obtainable by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprisinga) carbon monoxide,b) 1-alkenes which are functionalized by a covalently bonded crown ether unit or cryptand unit A containing at least 5 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and/or selenium in the polyheteroatom framework, and, if desired,c) C.sub.2 -C.sub.24 -1-alkenes.

Abstract: The catalyst systems comprise as active constituentsa) a metal complex of the formula (I) ##STR1## b) one or more Lewis or protic acids or a mixture of Lewis and protic acids.

Abstract: Water soluable, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing dispersed polymers are produced by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated soluble monomers in an aqueous salt solution in the presence of at least one carbohydrate. The polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing the dispersed polymers are useful for paper making, water clarification and emulsion breaking.

Abstract: There are provided a heat-aging-resistant polyamide resin composition comprising (C) a polyamide containing 10 to 100% by weight of (A) a polyamide obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing 70 mole % or more of m-xylylenediamine as a diamine component and a monomer containing 70 mole % or more of adipic acid as a dicarboxylic acid component and 90 to 0% by weight of (B) other polyamide, (D) a copper compound in an amount of 0.001 to 0.1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyamide (C), (E) a halide of a Group 1 or Group 2 metal of the Periodic Table of the Elements, an ammonium halide, or an organohalide in an amount of 0.005 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyamide (C), at least one selected from among (F) hindered phenols and (G) hindered amines with the amount of each of the hindered phenols (F) and the hindered amines (G) being 0.05 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyamide (C), and (H) an organophosphorus compound in an amount of 0.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a copolymer of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound in which a powder of a copolymer of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound is suspended in a liquid diluent. The suspension is contacted with a catalyst composition which is soluble in the diluent and which is based on a Group VIII metal and a bidentate ligand. The catalyst composition is used in such a quantity that in the polymerization mixture more than 0.1 mmoles of the Group VIII metal is present per liter of liquid phase.

Abstract: Processes for making storage-stable epoxy-capped polyetherester resins are disclosed. In one process, a polyetherester resin is first made by inserting a carboxylic acid derivative into a polyether. Reacting the resin with a capping agent gives an intermediate resin with a reduced content of free carboxylic acid groups. Finally, the intermediate resin reacts with an epoxy compound in the presence of a finishing catalyst under conditions effective to give an epoxy-capped resin. The resins have low weight average molecular weights (less than about 8000), narrow molecular weight distributions (less than 6), and low viscosities, making them an excellent choice for low-VOC formulations. The finishing catalyst helps to minimize resin viscosity drift and improves shelf stability. Curing the resins with a vinyl monomer gives thermosets with an excellent balance of physical properties, including excellent water resistance.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a copolymer of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound, comprising copolymerizing the monomers in the presence of a Group VIII metal containing catalyst composition and in the presence of an olefinically unsaturated compound (A) which contains in its molecular structure an organic group imparting steric hindrance on the vinyl group. A copolymer obtainable by the said process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of copolymers of carbon monoxide with an olefinically unsaturated compound comprising copolymerizing the monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition based upon(a) a salt of a Group VIII metal, and(b) a cation which is selected from cationic oxidants and cations of the general formulae R.sub.n H.sub.4-n N.sup.+, R.sub.m H.sub.3-m C.sup.+ and R.sub.m H.sub.3-m O.sup.+, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, m is 2 or 3, and R represents a hydrocarbyl group and/or two or three of R together with the atom carrying a positive charge represent a ring structure, on the understanding that when n is 3, at most two of R together with nitrogen represent a heterocyclic ring structure, and when n is 4, three of R together with nitrogen represent an aromatic heterocyclic ring structure.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alternated linear copolymers based on carbon monoxide and one or more compounds having an unsaturation of the alkenylic type comprises, reacting in a halogenated aromatic or aliphatic solvent the carbon monoxide and one or more compounds having an alkenylic unsaturation in the presence of a catalyst having general formula (I)?Pd(chel)(chel')!.sup.+ ?A.sup.- !wherein: chel represents a non-charged bidentate chelating agent, chel' represents the anion of an organic compound containing a double carbon--carbon bond co-ordinated via .pi. bond to palladium (Pd) and a carbanion bound via .sigma. bond to palladium which is co-ordinated to the metal as a bidentate chelating agent and A.sup.- is an anion of a non-esterifiable or almost non-esterifiable and non-coordinating acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a linear alternating copolymer of carbon monoxide with ethene and another olefinically unsaturated compound (A) wherein a copolymer of which the molar ratio (r.sub.1) of the monomer units originating in the olefinically unsaturated compound A to the monomer units originating in ethene is in the range of from 1:100 to 1:3, is prepared by contacting the monomers in the presence of a liquid diluent with a catalyst composition which is based on(a) a source of a Group VIII metal, and(b) a bidentate ligand of the general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 --R--M.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I) wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl groups and R represents a bivalent bridging group which consists of three atoms in the bridge of which the middle atom is a carbon or silicon atom which carries two monovalent substituents R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: An improved process is described for the preparation of alternating linear copolymers based on carbon monoxide and at least one compound containing an alkenyl unsaturation which comprises reacting in a liquid solvent under the operating conditions, a mixture of carbon monoxide and one or more compounds containing an alkenyl unsaturation in the presence of:(i) a catalyst having general formula (I)?Pd(chel) (chel') !.sup.++ ?A.sup.- !.sub.2 (I)wherein chel and chel' the same or different, represent a nitrogenated or phosphorated bidentate chelating agent, and A.sup.- represents an essentially non-coordinating, non esterifiable and non labile anion of an acid with pKa less than 2; and(ii) a cocatalyst having general formula (II)?chel"H.sup.+ !?A'.sup.- ! (II)wherein A'.sup.-, the same as or different from A.sup.-, has the same meaning defined above and chel" represents a nitrogenated bidentate chelating agent the same as or different from chel and chel'.