Abstract: Surface treating articles having varying degree of smear-resistance and their methods of manufacture are presented. One preferred article is characterized by an organic matrix substantially engulfed by a novel, tough, adherent elastomeric resinous binder system comprising the reaction product of either(1) a polyurethane prepolymer, or(2) a polyurethane polymer emulsion with an epoxy-functional material and an amine-functional material in an aqueous system.

Abstract: A method is described for making an emulsion in which a mixture is formed containing a polysiloxane and a primary nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of 10 to 19. There is added to the mixture a first portion of surfactant free water gradually in a series of separate incremental steps. This is followed by the addition to the mixture of a secondary nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of 1.8-15. The mixture is stirred until the particle size of the polysiloxane in the mixture is in the range of 1-100 microns. A second portion of water is added to the mixture in an amount sufficient to provide a total content of water in the product of 25-65 percent by weight.

Abstract: A biocompatible polyester which has improved hydrolyzability obtained by bonding saccharide to the structure of a polymer consisting of a glycolic acid unit and/or a lactic acid unit, and a process for Preparing the biocompatible polyester are disclosed.

Abstract: A water-based emulsion paint, for example, is formulated with high refractive index opacifying pigment particles, dispersant, and polymer particles in which substantially all of the pigment particles (40) are disjuncted from one another and contained within an attached cluster of polymer particles (41) or have appendant polymer particles to give opacifying units having a nodular outline. Preferably micro-voids are trapped between particles and the dispersant is less than 1% of the pigment by weight.

Abstract: Super-absorbent polymers having superior dryness properties when incorporated into absorbent articles are made from acrylic acid and crosslinking agent polymerized under controlled conditions.

Abstract: A process for dispersing particles of an organic commpound in water is disclosed, which comprises dispersing the organic compound in water using (1) a water-soluble high molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of at least 10,000 and (2) a copolymer formed from a monomer represented by the following formula (I) and a monomer represented by the following formula (II), said copolymer having a molecular weight of not more than 10,000: ##STR1## wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 each represents an alkali metal atom or an ammonium group; R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group; and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention provides(i) an overcoating agent for heat-sensitive recording materials which contains as an active component an emulsion of a graft copolymer prepared by graft-copolymerizing an acrylamide or methacrylamide as a monomer (A), a methyl acrylate or methacrylate as a monomer (B), an acrylic or methacrylic acid as a monomer (C) and if required, a monomer other than said monomers as a monomer (D) which is copolymerizable therewith onto a polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of a fatty acid ester of sucrose and water, and(ii) an overcoating agent for heat-sensitive recording materials which contains as an active component an emulsion of a graft copolymer prepared by graft-copolymerizing a methyl acrylate or methacrylate as a monomer (E), a lower hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacryalte as a monomer (F), an acrylic or methacrylic acid as a monomer (G) and if required, a monomer other than said monomers as a monomer (H) which is copolymerizable therewith onto a polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of a fatty ac

Abstract: The present invention relates to a first low-temperature insulating material which comprises polyvinyl chloride, a plasticizer, a water-containing or absorbing gel or an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer and an emulsifier and a second low-temperature insulating material which comprises polyvinyl chloride gelled by mixing with a plasticizer and a surface-covered, water-containing hydrogel. The insulating materials are inexpensive and show excellent heat-insulating properties and excellent flexibility at low temperatures.

Abstract: Method for polymerizing a monomer suspended in water which comprises:Preparing a polymerization mixture of a water immiscible, liquid, ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a polyisocyanate and an oil soluble free radical initiator, dispersing said mixture in a solution of water and a surfactant, and effecting polymerization of said monomer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous acrylate polymer dispersion having a total solids content of 30 to 60% by weight polymerizing one or more acrylate monomers optionally together with other olefinically unsaturated monomer(s) in the presence of dextrin at least 70% of which has a molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 25000 and not more than 10% has a molecular weight above 25000.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing an aqueous dispersion of water-absorbent particles and at least one matrix-forming hydrophilic thickening agent comprises the steps of evacuating gas from said dispersion and subjecting the latter to compression by means of a relative pressure sufficient to irreversibly transform the dispersion into a stable particle-matrix system. A method of preparing a stable semi-solid preparation of dry, preferably bead-shaped water-absorbent particles comprises forming a homogenous dispersion comprising from 30 to 70% by weight of said beads, from 0.1% by weight of at least one hydrophilic thickening agent, capable of forming a matrix for said beads, and from 20 to 55% by weight of water, and stabilizing the dispersion formed as above. The water-absorbent particles may consist of cross-linked carbohydrates or polyacrylamide or derivatives thereof. The stable preparation may advantageously be packed in aerosol type containers and be used for the treatment of wounds and skin.

Abstract: An aqueous gel composition is formed from xanthan gum crosslinked with ions of a transitional metal, resorcinol, and formaldehyde. The gel which initially forms is injected into a formation where it selectively enters pores in a more permeable zone. Once in the more permeable zone, the gel reheals and forms a shear and thermally stable gel. This gel can be used in high temperature formations in addition to those formations having a pH of from about 3.0 to about 10. After the shear and thermally stable gel has formed, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, or a carbon dioxide oil recovery process is commenced in a zone of lesser permeability.

Abstract: Aqueous silicone emulsions, especially useful for rendering a wide variety of substrates nonadhesive/water-repellent by polycondensation crosslinking, contain (a) an .alpha.,.omega.-dihydroxydiorganopolysiloxane, (b) an organohydropolysiloxane containing at least 3 hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms per molecule, (c) a polyvinyl alcohol, (d) a nonionic emulsifying agent, and (e) a crosslinking catalytically effective amount of a monochelate of pentacoordinated tin of valency IV.

Abstract: Polymer/polyol compositions, obtained by polymerizing, in situ in a polyol, one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising an alpha-olefin containing at least 5 carbon atoms and/or an acrylate or methacrylate ester of an alcohol containing at least 9 carbon atoms, which are of relatively low viscosity and which afford polyurethanes having improved properties.

Abstract: Tape joint compounds are prepared using as binders therefor vinyl ester polymers prepared by conventional emulsion polymerization techniques employing, as the stabilizer therein, an acid converted or enzyme modified starch having a water fluidity of 10 to 85.

Abstract: Fluid polymer polyol dispersions which impart improved fire resistance to polyurethane foam. The fluid polymer polyol dispersions are prepared by grafting one or more monomers onto a polyol backbone with the difference that the grafting takes place in the presence of a flame retardant. During the grafting process the flame retardant is incorporated into the fluid polymer polyol dispersion. When such fluid polymer polyol dispersions are used, the fire resistance of the final polyurethane foam is improved relative to cases where a conventional fluid polymer polyol dispersion and a flame retardant are added separately to the polyurethane foam formulation.

Abstract: Low viscosity polymer polyol polyols having high styrene/acrylonitrile ratios and good stability may be achieved by the use of a high molecular weight (HMW) dispersant polyol comprising less than 5 wt. % of the total polyol component of the polymer polyol. The HMW dispersant should have a molecular weight higher than about 6000. Preferably, a semi-batch reactor is used, and a relatively high concentration of the HMW dispersant is initially charged to the reactor, relative to the portion of base polyol, which has a molecular weight of less than 4000.

Abstract: Low viscosity polymer polyols having high styrene/acrylonitrile ratios and good stability may be achieved by the use of a base polyol having a molecular weight higher than 4000, for example, from 4000 to 6500 and a high molecular weight (HMW) dispersant. The dispersant polyol may range from 1 to 20 wt. %, but may be less than 5 wt. % of the total polyol component of the polymer polyol. The HMW dispersant should have a molecular weight higher than about 6000. Preferably, a semi-batch reactor is used, and a relatively high concentration of the HMW dispersant is initially charged to the reactor, relative to the portion of base polyol. Monomer ratios of styrene to acrylonitrile of 85/15 may be achieved with this method.

Abstract: Water emulsifiable ketoxime blocked polyol prepolymers which can be further mixed with a low melting diamine or diol curative and water to make a very low viscosity storage stable, castable, reactive mixture. The water and volatile ketoxime are driven off to form a polyurethane with excellent physical properties.

Abstract: A homogenous blend is formed of different water soluble polymer types, for instance of particular addition and condensation polymers, by forming one of the polymers from its monomeric starting material by polymerisation in a solution of the other polyer. The resultant solution has a concentration of above 10% but is homogenous. It can be used as a bulk solution or can be dried to powder or can be present as a reverse phase dispersion.

Abstract: High oxygen barrier characteristics over a wide range of humidity conditions is achieved with a coating formed by an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin having a sugar additive uniformly dispersed therein by dissolution with the resin in a liquid carrier forming a solvent of a coating solution through which the additive modified resin coating is applied to a passive substrate.

Abstract: Acrylic resin dispersions are prepared by a monomer addition process in the presence of a free-radical initiator and an emulsifier, wherein a portion of the emulsifier is dissolved in the initial aqueous phase and the remaining portion in the added monomer phase. The new process decreases the formation of coagulates, reduces the required amount of emulsifier, and allows the preparation of dispersions of resins incorporating a large proportion of units derived from water-soluble monomers, such as carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin is homogeneously mixed with a carbohydrate additive within a predetermined weight ratio range and then extruded under the usual extrusion temperature and pressure conditions to enhance physical properties of the extruded material.

Abstract: Water reducible, water-remoistenable adhesive compositions are made from a blend of (a) an aqueous emulsion of a polymer of vinyl acetate, (b) an organic solvent solution of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone having dextrin dispersed therein, and (c) an aqueous emulsion of an ester gum tackifier.

Abstract: A particulate substantially homogeneous polymeric product is made by dispersing ungelatinised polysaccharide in aqueous monomer containing polymerization initiator, initiating polymerization and thereby inducing exothermic polymerization, utilizing the exotherm to provide part at least of the heat necessary to gelatinise the polysaccharide and thereby producing a comminutable gel comprising polymerized monomer and gelatinised polysaccharide, comminuting the gel and drying the comminuted gel. The product generally comprises a blend of water soluble synthetic polymer, gelatinised polysaccharide having a low degree of graft polymerization and optionally gelatinised polysaccharide. Products comprising these components are particularly suitable for use as wallpaper adhesives.

Abstract: Remoistenable adhesive compositions are prepared by adding to ethylene vinyl acetate resin latices which have been polymerized utilizing dextrin as the protective colloid sufficient phosphoric acid to lower the pH to about 2.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous polyacrylate dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and mixtures thereof in the presence of, by weight of the total monomer content, (a) from about 0.1 to 5% of at least one water-soluble amino alcohol compound and (b) from about 0.05 to about 5% of at least one protective colloid. The resultant aqueous polyacrylate dispersions are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: Graft polymer dispersions in a polyol are prepared by a continuous process employing in situ free radical polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyol containing from about 0.001 to 0.09 mole of induced unsaturation per mole of polyol in the presence of an effective amount of a chain transfer agent. Products prepared by this process have uniform viscosity with resulting product uniformity. Polyurethane foams incorporating flame retardants prepared from these dispersions readily pass the California No. 117 Flame Test.

Abstract: A new breathable, conformable, polymeric adhesive composition is disclosed which comprises a self-sustaining pressure sensitive adhesive material and a hydrophilic filler, wherein the adhesive material forms a polymeric matrix characterized by the physical encapsulation of the hydrophilic filler within the matrix.

Abstract: Storage-stable, aqueous polysiloxane emulsions well adopted as coating compositions to impart anti-adhesiveness/water-repellency to a wide variety of substrates, e.g., paper, are comprised of an anti-adhesive/water-repellency effective amount of (A) diorganopolysiloxane oil having the formula:HO(SiR.sub.2 O).sub.n Hwherein the symbols R, which may be identical or different, are each an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, the 3,3,3-tri-fluoropropyl radical, or the vinyl radical, at least 50% of the radicals R being methyl radicals and at most 5% vinyl radicals, and the symbol n is any number, the value of which is such that the viscosity of the oil ranges from 500 to 50,000 mPa.s at 25.degree. C.; (B) an organopolysiloxane resin comprising recurring units selected from among those of the formulae R'SiO.sub.1.5, R'.sub.2 SiO and R'.sub.3 SiO.sub.0.

Abstract: A process for producing amine-formaldehyde microcapsules wherein the reaction of the amine and formaldehyde to form the microcapsule wall is carried out in the presence of a polyol as a systems modifier.

Abstract: Copolymer polyols are prepared by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyahl mixture in the presence of iodine or an iodine-releasing inorganic compound. The use of the iodine or iodine-releasing inorganic compound provides a lower viscosity, more stable copolymer polyahl.

Abstract: (1) A method for making a water soluble synthetic solid polymer product, which method comprises polymerizing a solution of a water soluble monomer, or of a mixture of monomers which are exclusively or predominantly water soluble monomers, in an aqueous medium in the presence of 0.5 to 50 percent, by weight of said monomer or monomers, of at least one member selected from the group consisting of water soluble solid monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and (2) the directly millable polymer product having a low degree of crosslinking which is prepared thereby and which is useful as a flocculant, dispersing agent, thickening agent, water treating agent, coating agent or the like.

Abstract: An heteropolysaccharide known as Biopolymer PS 87 comprises glucose, galactose, mannose, glucuronic acid and fucose. Biopolymer PS 87 is pseudoplastic, has a consistency at 20.degree. C. of at least 150 poise and a yield stress value at 20.degree. C. of at least 30 dynes/cm.sup.2. Biopolymer PS 87 is synthesized by a strain of Bacillus polymyxa or a genetically similar micro-organism and has many domestic and industrial uses as a suspending agent or thickener.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new breathable ostomy gasket composition derived from the non-aqueous reaction of a polyisocyanate and a polyoxyalkylene polyol moiety having a hydrophilic filler incorporated within the polyol moiety prior to the reaction of the polyisocyanate and the polyol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein a process for producing a microcapsule having an excellent solvent-resistance and a thermal stability, and an extremely minute amount of unreacted formaldehyde, comprising the steps of dispersing a substance to be encapsulated into an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble cationic urea resin, at least one prepolymer selected from the group consisting of a melamine-formaldehyde prepolymer, a urea-formaldehyde prepolymer and a melamine-urea-formaldehyde prepolymer and an anionic surfactant and then, adding an acid-catalyst into the thus obtained aqueous dispersion thereby forming a wall membrane which encapsulates the dispersed microparticle of the substance to be encapsulated by polycondensing the prepolymer and the cationic urea resin followed by cross-linking while causing complex coacervation, and adding a monosaccharide into the aqueous dispersion while adjusting the pH of the aqueous dispersion with the addition of a hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal thereby removing the unreacte

Abstract: A polyol gel is made from 15-62 wt. % (based on the sum of polyurethane matrix plus dispersing agent) of a high molecular weight covalently cross-linked polyurethane matrix; 85-38 wt. % (based on the sum of polyurethane matrix plus dispersing agent) of a liquid dispersing agent which is firmly bonded to the matrix; and optionally, active ingredients, fillers, additives, catalysts, and mixtures thereof. The liquid dispersing agent is a polyhydroxyl compound having a molecular weight of between 1,000 and 12,000 and an OH number between 20 and 112. This dispersing agent should have virtually no hydroxyl compounds having a molecular weight below 800 present. These gel compositions may be used to make mold impressions and highly stable active-ingredient releasing compositions.

Abstract: A polyethylene terephthalate moulding composition is disclosed having uniformly dispersed therein 10-25,000 ppm of caramel as a colorant. The colorant is non-toxic, does not affect the transparency of the polyester, and does not cause aldehyde formation. The caramel may have been formed in situ from a mono- or disaccharide which has been added to the bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)terephthalate before or during polycondensation or to the molten polyester. The color may have been intensified by adding an alkaline reacting compound. The composition may moreover contain further colorants. The composition is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of food containers such as boxes, trays and bottles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new modified azulmic acids, several processes for their preparation and their use as intermediate products for the synthesis of numerous products.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a novel polymer composition comprised of a polyacrylonitrile polymer and a block copolymer with acrylonitrile and non-crystalline polymer sequences wherein the polymer composition is formed by the removal of a solvent from a solution of a polyacrylonitrile polymer and a block copolymer with acrylonitrile and non-crystalline polymer sequences.

Abstract: Aqueous solutions of phenol and formaldehyde are stabilized with at least one carbohydrate such as saccharose, glucose, fructose, maltose, starch hydrolysates or molasses. The solutions are condensable and usable for preparing A-stage phenolic resin (resols).

Abstract: This invention relates to normally liquid, stable polymer/polyol compositions formed by polymerizing, in the presence of a free radical catalyst, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomers dissolved or dispersed in a polyol mixture including a coupled polyol consisting of the reaction product of a polyol having a functionality in excess of 2 reacted with polyisocyanate in such proportion that the ratio of hydroxyl groups to isocyanato groups is greater than 1. In one embodiment, the coupled polyol is made in situ in the base polyol by addition thereto of the required amount of the polyisocyanate. The novel polymer/polyol compositions are convertible to polyurethane foams and elastomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-pigmented jet ink compositions and to a method of producing opaque coded messages therewith. The compositions comprise, on a weight basis, between 2 and 15% of a gellable cellulose ester having a hydroxyl content of from 2 to 8%, from 1.5 to 15% of a binding agent selected from the group consisting of alkali soluble rosin type and maleic type resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, and acrylic resins, and a solvent blend, the blend consisting essentially of an organic solvent system and a non-solvent, said non-solvent comprising from 2 to 10% by weight of the ink composition. Preferred solvents are methanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate, while the preferred non-solvent is water. Upon evaporation of the solvent blend, the resultant dry films scatter light incident thereto whereby the opaque images are produced. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a hygroscopic salt is included in the composition as an opacity enhancement agent.