Abstract: A modified lignin having a ratio ((2H+G)/S) of a total of twice of a relative existence ratio H (%) of an H-type skeleton and a relative existence ratio G (%) of a G-type skeleton with respect to a relative existence ratio S (%) of an S-type skeleton, obtained from integrated values measured by 31P-NMR, of 2.5 or more, and an existence ratio of an aliphatic hydroxy group obtained by the same method of less than 20%, a method for producing a modified polyphenol, and a modified lignin-containing resin composition material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for increasing the reactivity of lignin which method comprises the following steps; providing a mixture comprising lignin and an alkali solution wherein the concentration of the alkali solution of the mixture is between 5-50% by weight, storing said mixture for a period of at least 1 day whereby the reactivity of the lignin is increased. The present invention also relates to a resin composition comprising said lignin and use of said resin composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a binder composition, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (i) forming an aqueous composition comprising reactant components including lignin, a polymerizable substance and a crosslinking agent in the presence of a catalyst; (ii) cooking the formed composition until the composition has a viscosity, which corresponds to 45-95% of a predetermined viscosity value of the final binder composition; (iii) adding tannin as a reactant component to the composition; and (iv) cooking the composition at a temperature of 60-95° C. for polymerizing the reactant components until a binder composition with a predetermined viscosity value is formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a binder composition, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (i) forming an aqueous composition comprising reactant components including lignin molecules of 11-60 lignin units, lignin molecules of 1-10 lignin units, polymerizable substance and crosslinking agent in the presence of a catalyst; and (ii) cooking the composition at a temperature of 60-95° C. for polymerizing the reactant components until a binder composition with a predetermined viscosity value is formed.

Abstract: Described herein, in the preferred embodiment, is a leonardite-based polyurethane resin binder that may be used, among other applications, as a binder in combination with foundry aggregate, e.g., sand, for molding or casting metal parts. The binders described herein comprise a humic substance, preferably leonardite, combined with a polymerizable polyol, an isocyanate, and a polymerization catalyst to make a polyurethane resin binder in situ in a foundry aggregate, such as sand. The lignite is mixed with the polymerizable polyol, thickening and dispersing agents as additives to improve the suspension quality and binder performance of the lignite-containing part of the binder components.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for recovery of derivatives of native lignin from lignocellulosic feedstocks wherein the derivatives have a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that stable and predictable antioxidant activity is provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for recovery of derivatives of native lignin from lignocellulosic feedstocks wherein the derivatives have a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that stable and predictable antioxidant activity is provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content.

Abstract: A lignocellulose-containing material, obtainable by treating lignocellulose particles A with a binder B, the binder B comprising the following components: An aqueous component (I) comprising (i) a polymer A which is composed of the following monomers: a) from 80 to 100% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acid (monomer(s) A1) and b) from 0 to 20% by weight of at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer which differs from the monomers A1 (monomer(s) A2) and ii) a low molecular weight crosslinking agent having at least two functional groups which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxylic acid and derivatives thereof, primary, secondary and tertiary amine, epoxy and a component (II) as an aqueous dispersion comprising one or more polymer(s) M which are composed of the following monomers: a) from 0 to 50% by weight of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one epoxide group and/or hydroxyalkyl group (mono

Abstract: A resin for OSB comprising an aqueous resole reaction product of phenol, formaldehyde, alkaline metal hydroxide or carbonate, urea and a degraded lignin polymer having 35-65% solids, a pH of 8-13 and a viscosity 50-1000 centipoises. The phenol and formaldehyde are present in a molar ratio of 1.5 to 3.4 moles formaldehyde to 1 mole phenol and are 40 to 85% of the total solids added to the mixture. In one embodiment they are 50 to 75% of the total solids added to the mixture. The alkaline metal hydroxide or carbonate are 5 to 20% of the total solids added to the mixture. Urea is 5 to 35% of the total solids added to the mixture. The degraded lignin is 5 to 20% of the total solids added to the mixture. A method for making the resin and a product using the resin.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for recovery of derivatives of native lignin from lignocellulosic feedstocks wherein the derivatives have a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that stable and predictable antioxidant activity is provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having a certain aliphatic hydroxyl content.

Abstract: Composition and method of use for tannin based environmentally benign polymeric coagulants are disclosed. Tannin based coagulants are copolymers of naturally occurring tannins and a cationic monomer. One embodiment of the present invention provides for a composition, of a tannin based polymeric coagulant which is comprised of N,N-(dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (MADAME) polymerized using t-butylhydroperoxide and sodium metabisulfite. The resulting polyMADAME is converted to hydrochloride and then blended/reacted in an aqueous medium with tannin to obtain a homogenous poly(MADAME)-tannin composition. The method of use comprises adding an amount of the composition effective for the purpose of clarifying oily wastewater from food and beverage, steel, automotive, transportation, refinery, pharmaceutical, metals, paper and pulp, chemical processing and hydrocarbon processing industries.

Abstract: The presently disclosed invention relates to a phenolic binder comprising a premix of a urea modified phenol-formaldehyde resole resin, a curing agent, and an additive selected from the group consisting of ammonium lignosulfonate, melamine and a melamine derivative. A method for reducing gaseous emissions in the manufacture of fibrous insulation materials is also disclosed.

Abstract: A phenolic-rich pyrolysis oil is produced by pyrolysing lignocellulosic material at a temperature of no more than about 550.degree. C under an absolute pressure of no more than about 50 kPa to produce pyrolysis vapors, and condensing the pyrolysis vapors to obtain a condensate consisting of a phenolic-rich pyrolysis oil having a dew point of about 65 to about 75.degree. C. under an absolute pressure of about 15 to about 20 kPa. Such a phenolic-rich pyrolysis can be directly used in making phenol-formaldehyde resol resins.

Abstract: Lignin and polyether glycol produces a product which has a distinct melt point and melt viscosity. Polyether glycol has a plasticizing effect wherein the lignin can be thought of as the hard resin. When 20 parts of polyether glycol are processed with 80 parts of lignin a new material which has a melt point and a viscosity is created whereas lignin itself has no melt and flow characteristics. The new modified lignin can be cured with hexamine like a phenolic resin.

Abstract: Water soluable, aqueous salt solution dispersible polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing dispersed polymers are produced by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated soluble monomers in an aqueous salt solution in the presence of at least one carbohydrate. The polymers and aqueous salt solutions containing the dispersed polymers are useful for paper making, water clarification and emulsion breaking.

Abstract: Tannin containing polymers, their method of production and methods of using as water treatment agents are disclosed. The tannin containing polymers comprise copolymers of tannin and a cationic monomer. Another embodiment comprises tannin containing polymers of tannin, cationic monomer and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an anionic monomer and a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: The invention concerns the waste liquor from the chemical-thermal pulping of fibre boards and particle boards containing bonding agents. The waste liquor is produced through a procedure in which fibre boards and wood particle boards are first chopped into shreds and, in a subsequent step, pulped according to a chemical-thermal procedure which dissolves the wood structure. The liquid remaining after the separation of the cellulose is retained as waste liquor and used as extender for wood adhesives.

Abstract: Tannin containing polymers, their method of production and methods of using as water treatment agents are disclosed. The tannin containing polymers comprise copolymers of tannin and a cationic monomer. Another embodiment comprises tannin containing polymers of tannin, cationic monomer and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an anionic monomer and a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: In the manufacture of synthetic foams and also especially in that of timber materials using urea-formaldehyde condensate binders, the mol ratio between urea and formaldehyde is decisive for the resultant final rigidity and the presence of free gaseous formaldehyde. In order, with a favourable mol ratio, to reduce the quantity of gaseous formaldehyde remaining in the timber material and at the same time to obtain effective fire resistance in both synthetic foams and timber materials adhesively secured with isocyanate, the invention proposes a combination of effective substances to be added to the initial raw materials as a granulate with a grain size of 80 to 1,500 my.

Abstract: A process for preparing solid polymer blends and composites of controlled porosity in microemulsions containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases. The microemulsions are prepared with surfactant systems that may include a cosolvent as a part thereof, together with a hydrophilic monomer, or monomers, dissolved in the hydrophilic phase of the microemulsion, and a hydrophobic monomer, or monomers, dissolved in the hydrophobic phase. Polymerization of the monomers thus present is carried out to provide highly uniform dispersions of the resulting polymers in each other. The invention allows for the control of the morphology of the blends, the improvement in compatability of otherwise incompatible polymers, and improvements in the processability of the polymers due to enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.

Abstract: A method for controlling the permeability of a petroleum-bearing subterranean formation including the steps of producing from biomass, a water-insoluble viscous biomass oil, and injecting the biomass oil into the petroleum bearing formation to decrease the permeability of at least some of the formation for altering flow paths through the formation to increase petroleum yield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing water-soluble resin and a resin product made by that method, the method including the steps of supplying a volume of an acidic pyrolysis oil, raising the pH of the oil above 7.0 to partially polymerize the oil, and heating the partially polymerized oil to encourage further polymerization to form the resin product.

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous polyacrylate dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and mixtures thereof in the presence of at least one protective colloid, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the polymerization in the presence of, by weight of the total monomer content, from about 0.1 to 5% of at least one substantially completely water-soluble monomer having conjugated unsaturation. The resultant aqueous polyacrylate dispersions are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive composition for manufacturing glued laminated beams and wood constructions. One component of the adhesive composition is resorcinol-phenol resin. Resorcinol-phenol adhesives are as such known in the prior art. The main ingredients of these adhesives are resorcinol, formaldehyde and phenol. Among the drawbacks in the use and production of resorcinol-phenol adhesives are their high price and the fact that the raw materials are difficult to obtain. The purpose for employing the adhesive composition of the invention is to eliminate some of the difficulties connected with the availability of the raw materials, particularly resorcinol, and to help produce a new, more economical resorcinol-phenol based adhesive composition.

Abstract: A low cost method of binding lignocellulosic materials utilizing a novel ammonium based spent sulphite liquor, with phenol and formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde thermosetting resin as the binder is disclosed. Phenol-formaldehyde which normally reacts with ammonium lignosulfonate under acidic conditions and is unstable under these conditions, can be dispersed or otherwise held in suspension and can be mixed direct with the material by spraying. The constituants of the novel binder can also be mechanically dispersed when in dry powder form. The binder has improved adhesion characteristics and a shorter cure time over existing binders using a spent sulphite liquor base when in combination with phenol-formaldehyde.

Abstract: An improved modified phenol-formaldehyde resin, and a process for its preparation, which contains lignosulfonates is described. Typically, the lignosulfonates are in the form of black liquor. These resins are made by including with the phenol a small amount of potassium ferricyanide. Unlike the known processes utilizing black liquors and the like, this process appears to be far less susceptible to the inherent variability of these liquors. These resins can be easily converted into a solid by spray drying, and find use as adhesives, for example in board products.

Abstract: A method is described for making adhesive from biomass. A liquefaction oil is prepared from lignin-bearing plant material and a phenolic fraction is extracted therefrom. The phenolic fraction is reacted with formaldehyde to yield a phenol-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: An improved adhesive binder composition is provided for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite molded articles such as flake or particleboard, made from moldable compositions which comprises an organic di- or polyisocyanate and a cyclic alkylene ester of carbonic acid and optionally lignin, for application to the lignocellulosic material prior to the molding process to form the composite product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new azulmic acids stabilized by condensation with carbonyl compounds, several processes for their preparation and their use for various purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new modified azulmic acids, several processes for their preparation and their use as intermediate products for the synthesis of numerous products.

Abstract: Alkali metal aldehyde lignin-cellulose silicate polymers are reacted chemically with an epihalohydrin compound to produce a polyepoxy silicate resin; the polyepoxy silicate resin may be cured by a catalyst, e.g., an amine or Lewis acid, to produce a cured epoxy resin, solid or cellular solid product which may be used as an adhesive, as construction sheets, etc.

Abstract: An alkali metal broken-down plant silicate polymer is reacted with a Lewis acid and an epoxide compound to produce a polyhydroxy lignin-cellulose polymer which may be reacted with polyisocyanates to produce polyurethane silicate foam and be used for insulation.

Abstract: Alkali metal aldehyde lignin-cellulose silicate polymers are reacted chemically with an epihalohydrin compound to produce a polyepoxy silicate resin; the polyepoxy silicate resin may be cured by a catalyst, e.g., an amine or Lewis acid, to produce a cured epoxy resin, solid or cellular solid product which may be used as an adhesive, as construction sheets, etc.

Abstract: Alkali metal aldehyde lignin-cellulose silicate polymers are reacted chemically with an epihalohydrin compound to produce a polyepoxy silicate resin; the polyepoxy silicate resin may be cured by a catalyst, e.g., an amine or Lewis acid, to produce a cured epoxy resin, solid or cellular solid product which may be used as an adhesive, as construction sheets, etc.

Abstract: A method of improving high temperature fluid loss and rheology stabilization of high calcium brine clay-containing oil well drilling fluids which comprises adding thereto a stabilizing amount of a water-soluble terpolymer composition comprising:______________________________________ Ingredients % by weight ______________________________________ NaAMPS 72-3.8 N,N-dimethylacrylamide 13.5-0.7 Acrylonitrile 9.5-0.5 ______________________________________said composition containing lignin, modified lignin, brown coal or modified brown coal in an amount ranging between 5-95% with the lignin, modified lignin, brown coal or modified brown coal having been present during the polymerization of the water-soluble polymer.