Abstract: Paper sizing compositions comprising (a) cellulose-reactive size, (b) dispersant system comprising primary anionic dispersant, and secondary dispersant selected from cationic and/or non-ionic dispersant, and (c) inorganic salt.

Abstract: A composition that includes the reaction product of a lignin derivative and a reactant selected from the group consisting of alkylating agents, acylating agents, and combinations thereof, where the reaction product has a measurable cohesive strength, and a plasticizer in an amount sufficient to cause the composition to exhibit plastic deformation in response to an applied tensile stress.

Abstract: A phenolic-rich pyrolysis oil is produced by pyrolysing lignocellulosic material at a temperature of no more than about 550.degree. C under an absolute pressure of no more than about 50 kPa to produce pyrolysis vapors, and condensing the pyrolysis vapors to obtain a condensate consisting of a phenolic-rich pyrolysis oil having a dew point of about 65 to about 75.degree. C. under an absolute pressure of about 15 to about 20 kPa. Such a phenolic-rich pyrolysis can be directly used in making phenol-formaldehyde resol resins.

Abstract: The present invention, which addresses the needs of the prior art, provides irreversible, hydrophilic gels which can be incorporated into dressing compositions, dermatologically compatible compositions, wound packings, wound dressings, burn dressings, drug delivery dressings, dry films, cosmetic masks and cosmetic wrap dressings. The gels of the invention include a blend of a hydrophilic poly(aldehyde) and a polymer selected from the group consisting of a poly(amide), a poly(amine) and a poly(alcohol).

Abstract: Lignin and polyether glycol produces a product which has a distinct melt point and melt viscosity. Polyether glycol has a plasticizing effect wherein the lignin can be thought of as the hard resin. When 20 parts of polyether glycol are processed with 80 parts of lignin a new material which has a melt point and a viscosity is created whereas lignin itself has no melt and flow characteristics. The new modified lignin can be cured with hexamine like a phenolic resin.

Abstract: A low molecular weight lignin fraction having a pre-selected molecular weight range prepared from lignin solution by ultrafiltration. The invention also relates to phenol-formaldehyde resin modified by the lignin fraction, adhesive comprising the modified resin, and a method for producing the lignin fraction and the resin.

Abstract: The invention concerns the waste liquor from the chemical-thermal pulping of fibre boards and particle boards containing bonding agents. The waste liquor is produced through a procedure in which fibre boards and wood particle boards are first chopped into shreds and, in a subsequent step, pulped according to a chemical-thermal procedure which dissolves the wood structure. The liquid remaining after the separation of the cellulose is retained as waste liquor and used as extender for wood adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for manufacturing surfactants for hydrocarbon by modifying the paper making black liquor resin using modifying agents. The process is to react or combine an alkaline aqueous solution, chemical substances such as olefin, aromatic hydrocarbon, and fatty acids, amino acids, phospholipids as well as one or more of the surfactants for petroleum recovery with 20%-80% of the paper making black liquor resin, the reaction lasting for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 80.degree.-100.degree. C. and ordinary pressure, the pH value of the reaction mixture being kept at 10-12. The surfactant prepared by this method can be effectively used in the recovery of thick oil, asphalt emulsification for road pavement and the oil driving in tertiary recovery oil drainage in petroleum recovery. It has remarkable viscosity reducing effect on petroleum, its emulsification ability being strong, its viscosity reducing rate for 3.0.times.10.sup.5 -5.0.times.10.sup.

Abstract: Tannin containing polymers, their method of production and methods of using as water treatment agents are disclosed. The tannin containing polymers comprise copolymers of tannin and a cationic monomer. Another embodiment comprises tannin containing polymers of tannin, cationic monomer and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an anionic monomer and a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: A traction composition is comprised of a lignin-based phenolic compound, a silicone resin, a rosin and a suitable carrier. The traction composition may be applied to the surfaces of wet or dry vehicle tires to impart anti-slip properties thereto. In accordance with the present invention, the anti-slip properties have increased durability so that the tires have good traction over a longer distance of travel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive composition for manufacturing plywood for exterior application including:a) 121 parts by weight phenolic resin;b) 5 to 121 parts by weight isocyanate;c) 1 to 40 parts by weight tannin selected from the group consisting of pine, quebracho, mimosa, and combinations thereof;d) 1 to 15 parts by weight paraformaldehyde or formaldehyde solutions in water;e) 5 to 50 parts by weight of water; andf) an amount of filler comprising inorganic and/or organic materials for providing the composition with the desired viscosity.

Abstract: Compositions are provided which comprise an organic polyisocyanate and at least one compound corresponding to the following general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein Y represents Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Sn or Cu;X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, and X.sub.8 each independently represents O or S;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aromatic ring with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are only existing if Y is Sn(IV);R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 each independently represents hydrogen or a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: Fast cure and "pre-cure" resistance thermosetting adhesives and methods for their production useful for binding lignocellulosic materials together, are disclosed.A fast curing adhesive is obtained by cross-linking binary phenol-formaldehyde consisting of high average molecular weight phenolformaldehyde (PF) resin and low average molecular weight PF resin with lignin. A "pre-cure" resistant adhesive is obtained by cross-linking a PF resin, such as binary phenol-formaldehyde, with a lignin with the addition of ammonia preferably in the form of an ammonium salt. The lignin may be obtained from different wood pulping waste materials including that recovered from the sulphite, kraft, organosolv or steam hydrolysed wood pulping processes. The adhesive can be produced as an aqueous solution of dispersion, and used in either a basic or acidic environment.

Abstract: A method for controlling the permeability of a petroleum-bearing subterranean formation including the steps of producing from biomass, a water-insoluble viscous biomass oil, and injecting the biomass oil into the petroleum bearing formation to decrease the permeability of at least some of the formation for altering flow paths through the formation to increase petroleum yield.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing water-soluble resin and a resin product made by that method, the method including the steps of supplying a volume of an acidic pyrolysis oil, raising the pH of the oil above 7.0 to partially polymerize the oil, and heating the partially polymerized oil to encourage further polymerization to form the resin product.

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive composition which contains polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, and lignin sulfonate is useful as a creping adhesive in the manufacture of tissue products such as facial tissue, bath tissue and paper toweling.

Abstract: A binder for use in the preparation of a synthetic board from cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic material comprising an organic polyisocyanate and a polyester polyol, especially an aromatic polyester polyol.

Abstract: A polymer of monoallylamine, preferably a water-soluble polymer of monoallylamine, whether in free (i.e., unneutralized) form or in salt (i.e., partially or completely neutralized) form is used in conjunction with a sulfonated polymer such as a water-soluble lignosulfonate, condensed naphthalene sulfonate, or sulfonated vinyl aromatic polymer, to minimize fluid loss from the slurry during subterranean well cementing operations. The polymer of monoallyl amine may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, and may be crosslinked or uncrosslinked. These components interact with each other in the presence of water to produce a gelatinous material that tends to plug porous zones and minimize premature water loss from the well cement slurry when present in the subterranean well formation. In addition, the gelatinous material so formed prevents de-stabilization of the slurry in the well formation.

Abstract: A low cost method of binding lignocellulosic materials utilizing a novel ammonium based spent sulphite liquor, with phenol and formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde thermosetting resin as the binder is disclosed. Phenol-formaldehyde which normally reacts with ammonium lignosulfonate under acidic conditions and is unstable under these conditions, can be dispersed or otherwise held in suspension and can be mixed direct with the material by spraying. The constituants of the novel binder can also be mechanically dispersed when in dry powder form. The binder has improved adhesion characteristics and a shorter cure time over existing binders using a spent sulphite liquor base when in combination with phenol-formaldehyde.

Abstract: An aqueous flocculant solution containing a tannin based polymer compound is produced which is stable and has a shelf life of at least 3-6 months before gelling. The solution is made by reacting at a temperature of from 150.degree.-200.degree. F. a tannin, an amino compound, and an aldehyde under slightly acidic conditions where the pH is less than 7 and where the molar ratio of the primary amine from the amino compound to the tannin repeating unit is from about 1.5:1 to 3.0:1. The intermediate viscosity of the reaction mixture is monitored until the reaction mixture has an intermediate viscosity within the range of the system key intermediate viscosity range. This system key intermediate viscosity range is previously determined for each reactant system to be employed. It is a narrow intermediate viscosity range that is experimentally determined which permits the resulting product to have a long shelf life.

Abstract: A method is described for making adhesive from biomass. A liquefaction oil is prepared from lignin-bearing plant material and a phenolic fraction is extracted therefrom. The phenolic fraction is reacted with formaldehyde to yield a phenol-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: An adhesive binder composition is provided for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite molded articles such as flake or particle board, made from moldable compositions which comprises an organic di- or polyisocyanate and a liquid mixture of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and optionally lignin, for application to the lignocellulosic material prior to the molding process to form the composite product.