Abstract: A process for manufacturing a dispersions of a vinylidene fluoride (VDF) thermoplastic polymer [polymer (F)], said process comprising polymerizing VDF in an aqueous phase comprising: at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of non-fluorinated surfactants [surfactant (HS)] and fluorinated surfactants having a molecular weight of less than 400 [surfactant (FS)]; and at least one functional (per)fluoropolyether (functional PFPE) comprising at least one (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain [chain (R?F)] and at least one functional group, said functional PFPE having a number average molecular weight of at least 1000 and a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 25° C., wherein said functional PFPE is present in the aqueous phase in an amount of 0.001 to 0.3 g/l.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a (per)fluoroelastomer having a heat of fusion of less than 5 J/g as measured by ASTM D-3418-08, comprising polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in the presence of at least one initiator in a polymerization medium comprising: (A) water; (B) at least one fluorinated surfactant [surfactant (FS)] having formula (I) here below, wherein: X1, X2 and X3, equal to or different from each other, are independently selected from the group consisting of H, F and C1-C6 (per)fluoroalkyl groups, optionally comprising one or more catenary or non-catenary oxygen atoms, RF represents a divalent perfluorinated C1-C3 bridging group, L represents a bond or a divalent group and Y represents a hydrophilic functionality selected from anionic functionalities, cationic functionalities and non-ionic functionalities; (C) at least one fluorinated compound [compound (F)] different from surfactant (FS); wherein said polymerization medium has a pH value of less than 7.

Abstract: A binder composition for electrodes with greater binding strength that does not inhibit the formation of a stable electrode interface (SEI) on the surface of an active substance is provided. The binder composition for electrodes includes at least one type of tetracarboxylic acid ester compound, at least one type of diamine compound, and an organic solvent. Furthermore, the organic solvent preferably has a boiling point that is 250° C. or less. In addition, the organic solvent preferably has a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) that is ?10 eV or less.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion is prepared by subjecting (meth)acrylate containing a polyfluoroalkyl group and a polymerizable monomer containing no fluorine atom to an emulsification treatment in the presence of a surfactant and a polypropyleneglycol-based compound having a molecular weight of 250 to 5,000, followed by copolymerization reaction in the presence of a polymerization initiator. The resulting aqueous dispersion, even if prepared from (meth)acrylate copolymer containing mixed perfluoroalkyl groups including perfluoroalkyl groups having 12 or more carbon atoms as polyfluoroalkyl groups, has a distinguished emulsion stability and thus can be effectively used as a water and oil repellent, etc.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions comprising at least one lipophilic active substance by emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium in the presence of at least one lipophilic active substance, wherein (i) at least one lipophilic active substance which has a water solubility of not more than 5 g/l (determined at 25° C. and 1013 mbar) and a melting point below 130° C.

Abstract: In the present invention, an episulfide compound having, in one molecule, at least one epithio structure represented by the following Formula 2: wherein R5 is C1–C10 hydrocarbylene or single bond, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently C1–C10 hydrocarbyl or hydrogen, Y is O, S, Se or Te, p is an integer from 1 to 5 and q is an integer from 0 to 5, is polymerized in the presence of a halide of a 13–16 group element of the long periodic table and/or a polymerization regulator represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each C1–C10 hydocarbyl or hydrogen, R4 is C1–C10 hydrocarbylene or single bond, X is F, Cl, Br, I, As, SH, OH, C1–C10 alkoxyl, C1–C10 alkylthio, or C1–C10 mercaptoalkythio, and m is an integer from 1 to 5, to produce a cured resin suitable as an optical material. By using the polymerization regulator, the polymerization rate of the episulfide compound can be suitably regulated to obtain a cured resin with less defect.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing polyester-polyurethane compositions, and to the stabilization thereof in relation to hydrolytic ageing phenomena by an active ingredient combination comprising compounds containing carbodiimides with lactone derivatives, to mouldings produced therefrom and to the use thereof for semi-rigid, solid and/or cellular mouldings.

Abstract: An aqueous microemulsion polymerization procedure is described in which very small colloidal melt-processible fluoropolymer particles are produced from at least one monomer and optionally TFE. The polymerization procedure involves initiating polymerization by adding a free-radical initiator to a microemulsion of at least one liquid organic compound and at least one free-radical polymerizable monomer to the microemulsion.

Abstract: An aqueous microemulsion polymerization procedure is described in which very small colloidal melt-processible fluoropolymer particles are produced from at least one gaseous monomer and optionally TFE. The polymerization procedure involves forming a microemulsion of at least one liquid organic compound; adding at least one gaseous free-radical polymerizable monomer to the microemulsion; and initiating polymerization by adding a free-radical initiator to the mixture.

Abstract: Described is the use of physiologically compatible tocopherols and especially of vitamin E as an inhibitor against premature polymerization initiation in reactive systems capable of undergoing a free radical-initiated polymerization, which systems before and/or after the polymerization thereof are placed in tissue contact with the living human or animal body and, more specifically, are implanted into the living organism thereby. The reactive systems and the polymers formed therefrom may be degradation resistant. However, a special embodiment relates to compositions or molded bodies which are decomposed by the living organism, and especially so under time-controlled conditions.

Abstract: A method for making macrocyclic polyesters comprises the steps of supplying heat and contacting bis-hydroxyalkyl-terminated diesters or oligomers thereof with high boiling point solvents and esterification catalysts.

Abstract: A monomer supression additive comprising and ethylenically unsaturated monomer, ceresin wax, a drying oil such as corn oil and an epoxidized drying oil such as epoxidized soybean oil. The additive when added vinyl ester resins or polyester resins improves secondary adhesion.

Abstract: Vinyl ester or polyester resins containing polymerizable, vaporizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers and an emission suppressing amount of ceresin wax is improved with the addition of a drying oil such as corn oil and an epoxidized drying oil such as epoxidized soybean oil. The improvement is in secondary adhesion.

Abstract: A process for preparing solid polymer blends and composites of controlled porosity in microemulsions containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases. The microemulsions are prepared with surfactant systems that may include a cosolvent as a part thereof, together with a hydrophilic monomer, or monomers, dissolved in the hydrophilic phase of the microemulsion, and a hydrophobic monomer, or monomers, dissolved in the hydrophobic phase. Polymerization of the monomers thus present is carried out to provide highly uniform dispersions of the resulting polymers in each other. The invention allows for the control of the morphology of the blends, the improvement in compatability of otherwise incompatible polymers, and improvements in the processability of the polymers due to enhanced thermal and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coating liquid composition useful to form a hard and transparent coating film on plastics. The novel liquid composition comprises a partial polycondensation product of a trialkoxysilane R.sup.1 Si(OR.sup.2).sub.3, wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 or C.sub.2 alkyl group and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group, a colloidal silica, water, an aliphatic lower alcohol and anhydride of a polybasic carboxylic acid having a cyclic structure. The content of the acid anhydride must be at least 0.005 wt % when pH of the coating liquid composition is adjusted to 6.0-7.0. The primary merit of using such an acid anhydride is improved storage stability of the coating liquid composition.

Abstract: A crystalline polyester film or sheet coated with a priming composition consisting essentially of a carboxyl group-containing copolyester, wherein the carboxyl groups are introduced either by treatment of the terminal hydroxyl groups of the copolyester with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride or by pyrolysis of the copolyester. Such primer compositions form continuous wet films and dry coatings and provide surfaces receptive to a variety of surface finishes such as further polymer coatings and inks. Further, the primer-coated polyester can be recycled and can be used in applications where the coating is in contact with food articles.

Abstract: A room temperature-curable organopolysiloxane composition is proposed which is useful as a material for imprinting or blocking of forms of, for example, medical and dental prostheses without the problem of curing retardation or incomplete curing. The composition comprises a vinyl-containing organopolysiloxane, organohydrogenpolysiloxane, platinum catalyst, inorganic filler, liquid paraffin or petrolatum and antioxidant. The antioxidant serves to protect the liquid paraffin or petrolatum from oxidation to produce oxidized compounds which may deactivate the platinum catalyst to cause curing retardation or incomplete curing.

Abstract: A peroxide-curable fluoroelastomer composition which can be readily removed from a mold cavity without tearing which comprises a fluoroelastomer whose interpolymerized units consist essentially of units of tetrafluoroethylene, units of perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinyl ether, units of a bromine-containing olefin and, optionally, units of ethylene, and from about 0.05-2 parts per 100 parts fluoroelastomer of an N,N,N',N'-tetrasubstituted 1,8-diaminonaphthalene having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently alkyl groups of 1-6 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be joined to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring in which a carbon atom can be replaced by an oxygen or a sulfur atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 and/or R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of ingredients and other process variables in a polymerization process by measuring the capacitance and dissipation factor of the mixture and determining its dielectric constant at various stages of the process. By the use of an automatic capacitance bridge and a computer, the process variables can be determined and controlled in a matter of seconds.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of additives in a compounding process by measuring the capacitance and dissipation factor (tan.delta.) of the mixture and converting such values to the concentrations of the additives. This method may also be utilized to determine the concentration of the polymers in the mixture. This method is preferably applied to a compounding process of blending polyphenylene oxide and polystyrene thermoplastic resins and is preferably applied to a continuous compounding process of these resins to determine therein the concentration of an aryl phosphate ester flame retardant.

Abstract: Novel polymer/polyisocyanate compositions made by polymerizing at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in situ in a blend of a first organic polyisocyanate and a stabilizer. The stabilizer comprises a polyoxyalkylene polyol having a number average molecular weight of at least 4000; an isocyanato terminated prepolymer formed by reacting the polyoxyalkylene polyol and a second organic polyisocyanate with the proviso that the isocyanato terminated prepolymer and the first organic polyisocyanate provide greater than 25 equivalents of isocyanato groups per equivalent of hydroxyl groups; a polymer/polyol formed using the polyoxyalkylene polyol; a polymer/prepolymer formed using the polyoxyalkylene polyol with the proviso indicated for the prepolymer above; or a modified polyol containing an ester group formed using the polyoxyalkylene polyol.