Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising tannin containing hydroxyl groups which has been (a) chemically modified by reaction of at least one of said hydroxyl groups with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an esterification agent (e.g. acetic anhydride), etherification agent (e.g. dichloromethane or quaternary organic amine such as N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) to form the corresponding ester, or ether, through said hydroxyl group, and (b) derivatized. The chemically modified tannin is derivatized by reaction with aldehyhde (e.g. formaldehyde), or aldehyde and at least one member selected from the group consisting of ammonia and organic amine containing at least one primary or secondary nitrogen (e.g. cyclohexyl amine); said derivatized tannin being water soluble or dispersable at a pH below 7 and water insoluble at a pH above 7.

Abstract: Composites of a resin and texturized cellulosic or lignocellulosic fiber, and methods for forming the composites, are disclosed.

Abstract: Phase-change (hot melt) ink compositions for use in a phase change (hot melt) ink jet recording device are disclosed to comprise:(a) from about 0.1% to about 30% of one or more colorants; and(b) from about 0.1 to about 99.9% of one or more reversibly-crosslinked-polymers.Recording is conducted by thermally melting the ink at a temperature above ambient temperature (20.degree. C.) to provide prints that possess high quality images, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, low-temperature storage stability and flexibilty, offset and pick resistance, adhesion, and other desired properties. Components other than those listed above may be included in the ink compositions to achieve specific printer, substrate, or end use requirements. Furthermore, the present invention also includes methods for the preparation of reversibly-crosslinked-polymers and for their use in the above-described inks.

Abstract: Solid organic polymers, for example, rubber and plastic particles, which may include coated papers, to especially include as recovered from recycle streams, can be made to have a sulfonated outer layer by treatment with a reactant gas containing sulfur trioxide. A silo apparatus can be employed to make these sulfonated particles, wherein untreated particles fall through the silo which is provided with a reactant gas supply. The sulfonated particles may optionally be neutralized, for example, with moist ammonia. These sulfonated particles can be used in articles of manufacture such as aggregates in cements, organic resins, cellulosics, and so forth, with beneficial properties being imparted to the composite. When used in a Portland cement, for example, increased performance concrete can result. Also, sulfonated sheets may be correspondingly employed for the sulfonated particles.

Abstract: A new stable liquid suspension of a non soluble particulate material, and a method of preparation of same are provided. Such compositions comprise at least one oil, one oil soluble resin and a non oil soluble particulate material mixed together In the appropriate quantities and conditions.

Abstract: A degradable plastic film comprising film forming ethylene copolymers and lignin incorporated in the form of pulverulent powder having a grain diameter of about 1 to 5 microns. The films are homogeneous and possess a thickness of about 15 to 25 microns. The films may be made doubly decomposable by adding photoactive or oxidizing agents.

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composition for producing composite structural members and a method for making same is provided. The composition is made by combining a thermoplastic resin with pre-treated high moisture cellulosic materials, such as discarded newspaper, having lignin contained therein. Moisture treatment of the cellulosic materials exhibit improvements over composites using dry cellulosic materials. The composite composition may then be extruded or compression molded into various articles of manufacture.

Abstract: A stable emulsion of gilsonite, lignosulphonates and acrylic polymers in water.

Abstract: A sealing composition for a container closure comprising a polymeric matrix material and is modified by the inclusion therein of an oxygen scavenger. The composition can be in fluid or meltable form ready for application to a closure or it can be present as a deposit on the closure, for instance a gasket around the closure. Preferably the scavenging properties of the deposit are activated by pasteurizing or sterilizing the deposit when sealing a container with the closure. The invention is of particular value when the closure is a metal cap for a beer bottle.

Abstract: A sealing composition for a container closure comprising a polymeric matrix material and is modified by the inclusion therein of an oxygen scavenger. The composition can be in fluid or meltable form ready for application to a closure or it can be present as a deposit on the closure, for instance a gasket around the closure. Preferably the scavenging properties of the deposit are activated by pasteurizing or sterilizing the deposit when sealing a container with the closure. The invention is of particular value when the closure is a metal cap for a beer bottle.

Abstract: A tackifier composition for use in rubber compounds is disclosed. The tackifier comprises a pure lignin with a water solubility of up to 1% by weight and a carbohydrate level of less than 50% by weight. In another embodiment of the invention, the pure lignin functions as both a tackifier and an antioxidant. In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the improved tackifier produces synergistic results when blended with a commercial tackifier, and the antioxidant likewise yields synergistic results when mixed with a commercial antioxidant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a resin composition for scroll compressor parts which comprises(A) about 40 to 70 parts by weight of at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene sulfide, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketone, all-aromatic polyester, nylon-4,6, nylon-MXD6, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide, polyamide-imide and polyimide,(B) about 15 to 45 parts by weight of whisker with an average fiber diameter of not more than about 3 .mu.m and a tensile modulus of not less than about 10,000 kgf/mm.sup.2 ;(C) about 10 to 25 parts by weight of heat-resistant fiber with an average fiber diameter of not more than about 30 .mu.m and a tensile modulus of not less than about 6,500 kgf/mm.sup.2 ; and(D) about 5 to 20 parts by weight of a finely divided solid lubricant, the sum total of components (A) to (D) being 100 parts by weight and a method of manufacturing scroll compressor parts characterized in that the above composition is injection molded.

Abstract: A sealing composition for a container closure comprises a polymeric matrix material and is modified by the inclusion therein of an oxygen scavenger. The composition can be in fluid or meltable form ready for application to a closure or it can be present as a deposit on the closure, for instance a gasket around the closure. Preferably the scavenging properties of the deposit are activated by pasteurizing or sterilizing the deposit when sealing a container with the closure. The invention is of particular value when the closure is a metal cap for a beer bottle.

Abstract: Elastomer compositions are provided which contain high molecular weight water-insoluble humic acid humates. The compositions show improved bloom resistance in both the uncured and the vulcanized or otherwise cured state. Methods to make sponge rubber are also disclosed in which the humic acid humate is the gas producing agent. A predominantly humic acid humate containing composition maintains a clean mold, and curing an uncured article coated with the humate at elevated temperature will clean metal molds which have dirty surfaces, particularly when green coated articles are vulcanized in contact with the mold's surfaces.

Abstract: A method to produce composites based on cellulose or lignocellulosic materials and plastics according to which method the cellulose or lignocellulose material is subjected to a pre-hydrolytic or other chemically degrading treatment prior to or during the compounding or processing step whereby a comminution and improved dispersion of the cellulose or lignocellulose material in the plastic phase is achieved.

Abstract: A novel lignin reinforced synthetic rubber comprises 100 parts of a substituted acrylamide-containing synthetic rubber and from about five to 100 parts by weight of lignin, based upon the weight of said synthetic rubber. The substituted acrylamide-containing synthetic rubber, in turn, comprises from about 45 to 99 percent by weight of a conjugated diene monomer, from about 0.5 to 40 percent by weight of a monomer containing a vinyl group and copolymerizable with said conjugated diene monomer and, from about 0.5 to 15 percent by weight of an N-(alkoxymethyl)acrylamide monomer, the weight of each said monomer component being based upon the total weight of said substituted acrylamide-containing synthetic rubber. The synthetic rubber can optionally contain other SBR rubber and/or some carbon black. It has been found to possess better properties than standard SBR filled with lignin, with or without carbon black.

Abstract: Naturally occurring dark, tacky, low softening thermoplastic resins of low acid number can be used as substitutes for all or part of the non-elastomeric petroleum-derived components of rubber stocks used for manufacture of tires and other rubber articles. For example, such resins can be used to replace petroleum-derived process oils or resins, or both, used in making tires. The resins, which are derived from wood, are low softening thermoplastic resins characterized by having about 15-30% unsaponifiables, 3-20% rosin acids, 3-15% fatty acids and 5-15% sterols. A typical useful resin is commerically available under the name Pamak TP.

Abstract: An asphalt composition comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of straight asphalt; (B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a diene liquid rubber having at least one carboxyl group, epoxy group or amino group in the molecule; and (C) 2 to 350 parts by weight of (i) a fibrous filler or (ii) at least one filler selected from the group consisting of wood flour, talc, calcium carbonate, clay, carbon black and white carbon, having a grain size of 200 microns or less. The composition may also contain (D) 1 to 50 parts by weight of a resinous tackifier. The invention also provides a vibration damping sheet comprising said composition.

Abstract: Natural occurring thermoplastic resins are used as a substitute for process oils and/or hydrocarbon resins, as well as for tackifiers, softeners, extenders, processing aids, and cure retarders, in rubber stocks, as for example, a rubber skim stock used in making a tire. The resins, which are derived from crude wood rosin, are high melting thermoplastic resins having carboxylic acid groups and are insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons. The source of the natural occurring resins is in ample supply as they are obtained from pine trees grown in North America. A specific type of thermoplastic resin is Vinsol, a registered trademark of Hercules Corporation.