Abstract: The present invention relates to a fire resistant glazing unit (10), and in particular to novel curable gelling compositions which may form a fire-resistant hydrogel interlayer (3) between the glass panes (1) of the glazing unit (10). The gelling compositions of the invention comprise 5-40% w/w of a curable hydrogel-forming component (typically an acidic vinyl monomer such as acrylic acid or its metal salt); 20-60% w/w of one or more salts (e.g. magnesium salts); 40-90% w/w of an aqueous vehicle; and the gelling compositions have an acidic p H between p H 1 and 7. Such gelling compositions, when cured to form a hydrogel interlayer, provide excellent fire-resistant properties and also an excellent radiation barrier in the event of a fire.

Abstract: The polymer-clay nanocomposite material is a nanocompo site formed from poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate) copolymer and organo-modified clay by in situ polymerization. Nanoparticles of a montmorillonite clay that has been modified with a quaternary ammonium salt is dispersed into a mixture of polystyrene and butyl methacrylate monomers to form a mixture, which then undergoes bulk radical polymerization. The poly(styrene-co-butyl methacrylate) copolymer may have a styrene to butyl methacrylate ratio of about 60 to 40 or about 20:80. Preferably, the organically modified montmorillonite clay forms between 1.0 wt % and 5.0 wt % of the mixture. A free radical initiator, such as benzoyl peroxide, is used to initiate polymerization. The clay nano-filler provides the nanocomposite with improved thermal stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the polymerization in an aqueous medium of monomers, and especially of fluoromonomers, using non-fluorinated surfactants; and the fluoropolymers formed therefrom. Specifically, the method of the polymerization uses one or more non-fluorinated surfactants selected from the group consisting of polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and salts thereof. Additionally, the use of polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid as surfactants in aqueous free radical polymerization is also novel.

Abstract: Method of making fluoropolymers by emulsion polymerization of one or more fluorinated monomers in an aqueous phase in the presence of a fluorinated emulsifier, said method comprises adding a doping agent in a weight ratio with respect to the emulsifier of from about 1:2 to about 1:20, said doping agent has a melting point of equal or less than 30° C. and a boiling point of at least about 100° C. and is selected from the group consisting of fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbons, fluorinated polyoxyalkenes, fluorinated alkenes and fluorinated polyoxyalkenes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a fluoroelastomer excellent in dispersion stability at low cost, at a high rate of polymerization and in high yields. The present invention is a method of producing a fluoroelastomer comprising an emulsion polymerization of a fluorinated monomer in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, wherein the emulsion polymerization is carried out in the presence of a compound (1) containing a functional group reactive in radical polymerization and a hydrophilic group and a fluorinated compound (2) containing a fluorocarbon group comprising 1 to 6 continuously united carbon atom with fluorine atom directly bound to each of them as well as a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing chitosan solutions to allow regulating the conditions in which the chitosan solution will gel. The present invention also provides methods for using chitosan solutions as compositions and for using chitosan solutions in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: An inkjet recording method of the invention includes at least: applying, onto a recording medium, an ink composition containing at least a pigment, a copolymer containing at least a fluorine atom, a water-soluble organic solvent, and water, thereby forming an image; drying the image by removing the water-soluble organic solvent and at least a part of the water from the recording medium; and heat-fixing the image onto the recording medium by bringing a surface of the image into contact with a heating member, and may further include other processes.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound which is useful in production of a fluoropolymer and easy to be removed from the produced fluoropolymer, a method of producing the compound, and a method of producing a fluoropolymer using the compound. The invention provides a compound which is represented by Rf1—CH2O—CF2—CHF—Rf2—X, wherein Rf1 represents a fluoroalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Rf2 represents a fluoroalkylene group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents —COOM or —SO3M, and M represents one of H, K, Na, and NH4.

Abstract: A nitrile group-containing highly saturated copolymer rubber having an iodine value of 80 or less and containing a caprate in 0.01 to 0.4 wt %. Preferably, the caprate is an alkaline earth metal caprate or Group XIII metal caprate. According to present invention, it is possible to provide a nitrile group-containing highly saturated copolymer rubber improved in mold fouling resistance while maintaining good normal state physical properties and heat resistance when being made into a cross-linked product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyamide resin composition comprising polyamide (X) comprising a diamine unit containing 70 mol % or more of a metaxylylenediamine unit and a dicarboxylic acid unit and an alkali compound (A), wherein the following equations (1) to (3) are satisfied: 0.03?P<0.32??(1) 2.2?M<26.1??(2) 5<M/P?200??(3) wherein P represents a mole concentration (?mol/g) of a phosphorus atom contained per g of the polyamide resin composition; and M represents a sum (?mol/g) of values obtained by multiplying a mole concentration of an alkali metal atom and a mole concentration of an alkaline earth metal atom each contained per g of the polyamide resin composition by valencies thereof respectively.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided, comprising polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium to form a dispersion of fluoropolymer particles in the aqueous medium, said polymerizing being carried out in the presence of (i) polymerization initiator, and (ii) hydrocarbon-containing surfactant stabilizing the dispersion of fluoropolymer particles, the hydrocarbon-containing surfactant being passivated to reduce its the telogenic behavior.

Abstract: Method of making fluoropolymers by emulsion polymerization of one or more fluorinated monomers in an aqueous phase in the presence of a fluorinated emulsifier, said method comprises adding a doping agent in a weight ratio with respect to the emulsifier of from about 1:2 to about 1:20, said doping agent has a melting point of equal or less than 30° C. and a boiling point of at least about 100° C. and is selected from the group consisting of fluorinated cyclic hydrocarbons, fluorinated polyoxyalkenes, fluorinated alkenes and fluorinated polyoxyalkenes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparing polyether ester elastomer compositions having polytrimethylene ether ester soft segments and polyethylene ester hard segments and containing a nucleating agent. Shaped articles can be made from the elastomer compositions, particularly molded articles, films and fibers.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a melt-processable fluororesin, which is capable of increasing the molecular weight of the fluororesin and preventing coloration of the fluororesin, by using a specific fluorinated emulsifier other than ammonium perfluorooctanoate. A method for producing a melt-processable fluororesin which is characterized in that a fluorinated monomer is emulsion-polymerized in an aqueous medium containing a fluorinated emulsifier of a formula (I) XCF2CF2(O)mCF2CF2OCF2COOA wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, A is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or NH4, and m is an integer of 0 or 1.

Abstract: Typical coating compositions for sealing built structures and/or flat roofs at the present time contain solvents, water or toxic substances such as bitumen or isocyanates. The coating composition claimed overcomes this problem by virtue of a viscosity-controlled composition comprising at least two methoxy-alkyl-silane-terminated polyoxypropylene products.

Abstract: Provided are polyfluorinated carboxylic acids and their salts containing an ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene moiety. The polyfluorinated carboxylic acids and salts are useful as surfactants in polymerization processes.

Abstract: A process comprising polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer, the polymerization agent comprising: fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof having a number average molecular weight of at least about 800 g/mol; and fluorosurfactant having the formula: [R1—On-L-A?]Y+ wherein: R1 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic group which may contain ether linkages; n is 0 or 1; L is a linear or branched alkylene group which may be nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated and which may contain ether linkages; A? is an anionic group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfonamide anion, and phosphonate; and Y+ is hydrogen, ammonium or alkali metal cation; with the proviso that the chain length of R1—On-L- is not greater than 6 atoms.

Abstract: A process comprising polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer, the polymerization agent comprising: fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof having a number average molecular weight of at least about 800 g/mol; and fluorosurfactant having the formula: [R1—On-L-A?]Y+ wherein: R1 is a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic group which may contain ether linkages; n is 0 or 1; L is a linear or branched alkylene group which may be nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated and which may contain ether linkages; A? is an anionic group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfonamide anion, and phosphonate; and Y+ is hydrogen, ammonium or alkali metal cation; with the proviso that the chain length of R1—On-L- is not greater than 6 atoms.

Abstract: To provide a perfluorocarboxylic acid salt excellent in a surface tension reducing ability. A perfluorocarboxylic acid salt having an iron content of at most 10 ppm by mass and represented by the following formula (1): RF(OCF(X1)CF2)k-1OCF(X2)COO?M+??(1) wherein RF is a C1-10 monovalent perfluorinated organic group, each of X1 and X2 is independently a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group, k is an integer of at least 1, and M+ is an ammonium ion or an alkyl-substituted ammonium ion.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous ink containing a dispersion in which a colorant is encapsulated with a polymer to make it dispersible in water, wherein the polymer has aromatic rings in an amount of from 20% by weight to 70% by weight based on the weight of the polymer, and further, the ink contains a compound represented by the following formula: wherein R represents a bivalent organic group, PO represents a propyleneoxy group, EO represents an ethyleneoxy group, x, y, a and b are each the number of repeating units, x represents a number of 1 to 200, y represents a number of 1 to 50, a represents a number of 1 to 30, and b represents a number of 0 to 20.

Abstract: A polyester based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) consisting essentially of trimethylene terephthalate repeating units, comprising at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds and manganese compounds in an amount of 10 to 150 ppm expressed in terms of the metal element in a molar ratio of the total amount of elements of the contained alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements and manganese element to the amount of the contained phosphorus element within the range of the following formula (I): 0?P/M?1??(I) wherein, P is the molar amount of the phosphorus element in the polyester; M is the total amount of the alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements and manganese element.

Abstract: A novel polymerization catalyst for polyesters, which does not contain any germanium or antimony compound as the main component; polyesters produced with the catalyst; and a process for producing polyesters. This polymerization catalyst is excellent in catalytic activity, little causes thermal degradation of polyesters in melt molding even when neither deactivated nor removed, and can give thermally stable polyesters which little generate foreign matter and are excellent in transparency and color. The polymerization catalyst is one which contains as the first metal-containing component at least one member selected from the group consisting of aluminum and aluminum compounds and which gives polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having a thermal stability parameter (TS) satisfying the relationship: (1) TS<0.3.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing antibacterial polyester master batches and fibers containing nano-silver particles, the method includes the acts of: mixing a reducing agent, glycol and a silver precursor together to compose a first mixture; esterifying terephthalic acid and glycol to compose a second mixture containing block polymers; mixing the first and second mixtures to make the block polymers further polymerize to achieve a polyester liquid containing nano-silver particles; optionally, cooling the polyester liquid to solidify; and selectively, granulating the solidified polyester to obtain a polyester master batches or melting spinning the polyester to obtain polyester fibers. By reducing the silver ions during polymerizing reaction, the reduced silver particles are separated by polymerized polyester molecules so that the silver particles are evenly distributed inside the polyester master batches without coagulation.

Abstract: A melt polymerization process for the preparation of poly(1,3-propylene-co-isosorbide) terephthalate (3GIT), new 3GITs and products made from the 3GITs. The process comprises (a) providing a mixture comprising terephthalic acid or its alkyl ester, 1,3-propanediol and isosorbide in a molar ratio of diols to terephthalic acid or its alkyl ester of from about 1.1:1 to about 1.6:1 and a molar ratio of 1,3-propanediol to isosorbide of from about 2:1 to about 10:1; (b) reacting the mixture in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of about 180 to about 245° C., with concurrent removal of a distillate comprising at least 80% of the water or alkanol volatile reaction product, wherein the distillate contains less than about 5 weight % 1,3-propanediol and less than 1 weight % isosorbide; and (c) continuing the reaction in the presence of a polycondensation catalyst at a pressure of about 0.25 to about 2 mm Hg and about 245 to about 260° C.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of polyol fatty acid polyesters comprise heating a mixture of polyol, fatty acid ester, emulsifying agent and catalyst. In one embodiment, the fatty acid chains of the fatty acid ester have from about 6 to about 14 total carbon atoms and the emulsifying agent comprises a fatty acid soap having fatty acid chains of from about 16 to about 22 total carbon atoms.

Abstract: The process consists of making react (i) an alkylene oxide polyether polyol, (ii) an organic compound which has an ethylenic unsaturation and a hydroxyl, carboxyl, anhydride, isocyanate or epoxy group and (iii) an alkylene oxide selected from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and mixtures thereof, in the presence of an effective quantity of a potassium naphthenate catalyst. The unsaturated polyester polyols produced have a reduced degree of unsaturation and are useful in the synthesis of polymeric polyols with good viscosity, filterability and particle size properties, suitable for the production of cellular polyurethane compounds.

Abstract: In a process for producing polyurethanes by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one compound containing at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, the compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms which is used is at least one polyether alcohol prepared by addition of alkylene oxides onto H-functional initiator substances by means of multimetal cyanide catalysis and the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one metal salt.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for the production of purified, partially esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters and the compositions derived from those processes. The purified, partially esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters of the present invention are particularly well suited for use in a variety of food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications and comprise less than about 5% polyol; less than about 5 ppm of residual solvent; less than about 700 ppm of lower alky esters; less than about 5% of a soap and free fatty acid mixture; less than about 3% of ash; and have an acid value of less than about 6.

Abstract: Liquid composition which can be polymerized into organic glasses, by means of radical polymerization with low shrinkage, comprising the product obtained from the trans-esterification of a diallycarbonate (A) with a mixture of one or more linear or branched aliphatic diols (B), containing from three to ten carbon atoms in the molecule, with a linear or branched aliphatic polyol (C), containing from four to twenty carbon atoms and from three to six hydroxyl groups in the molecule. The molar ratio A/(B+C) in the above polymerizable liquid composition ranges from 2/1 to 5/1 and the quantity of (C) in the mixture (B+C) is equal to or less than 25% by weight with respect to the total weight of this mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for decreasing the cyclic oligomer content level in the manufacturing process of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and in the PET products produced from said process by adding calcium phosphate at least one selected from the group consisting of a Ca3(PO4)2 structure and a Ca5OH(PO4)3 structure, and a carboxy phosphonic acid having a structure (1) as follows: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are alkyls or hydrogen atoms and R is an alkyl. The method of the prevent invention restrains the production of cyclic oligomers in the polyester chips produced and also decreases the cyclic oligomers regenerated in the rear-end melting process stage of the invention.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid crystalline polymer with increased polymerization rate and reduced deposition of monomer-derived substances to the reaction vessel during production is provided. A liquid crystalline polymer having a constituent unit derived from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in an amount 8 mol % or less is produced by conducting reaction at the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising a potassium compound and a trivalent cobalt compound in combination.

Abstract: A process for producing a partially ester-exchanged SIPM such as an alkali metal bis(2-hydroxyethyl) 5-sulfoisophthalate produced from an alkali metal dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate in an alcohol is disclosed. The partially ester-exchanged SIPM in an alcohol can be used to copolymerize with oligomer of terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate and an alcohol. Also disclosed is a process for controlling the color of a dyeable polyester using a phosphorous compound.

Abstract: A water absorbent material, comprising, as a main component, a water absorbent resin which has a structure in which a anhydropolyamino acid having an ethylenically unsaturated double bond is grafted with polysaccharides, wherein at least a portion of the anhydropolyamino acid is hydrolyzed and crosslinked, has high water absorbency and high biodegradability even if the anhydropolyamino acid has a low molecular weight.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flame retardant polybutyleneterephthalate resin prepared be copolymerizing a phosphorus-based flame retardant represented by the following formula I and a butyleneterephthalate unit: wherein R1 and R2 are different or the same and are methyl or butyl including a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A process for producing a wholly aromatic polyester which is excellent in heat resistance, mechanical properties and yet color and has a high degree of polymerization by melt polymerizing a dicarboxylic acid and a diol directly on an industrial scale at a low cost in a short period of time without esterifying the dicarboxylic acid or diol in advance. To produce the wholly aromatic polyester by reacting and molding an aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as terephthalic acid, an aromatic diol such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane and a diaryl carbonate by heating, a combination of a specific pyridine compound and an alkali metal (bi)carbonate, a combination of a specific pyridine compound and an organic tin compound or a specific titanium compound is existent as a catalyst. Thereby, the wholly aromatic polyester having the above properties is obtained.

Abstract: A novel encapsulated product is provided and includes: at least one active ingredient; at least one compressible material; and at least one tableting material; wherein the encapsulated product is in the form of a caplet having a diameter of from about 1 millimeter to about 7 millimeters and a length from about 1 millimeter to about 7 millimeters. A method for preparing the encapsulated product is also provided. The encapsulated product may be incorporated into a food item, a confectionery product or chewing gum product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyesters of a glycol and a dicarboxylic acid which comprises the following steps: a) introducing a feedstock comprising one or more glycols and one or more dicarboxylic acids or monoalcohol esters thereof into a reactor vessel, b) heating the feedstock to an elevated temperature to cause the glycols and the acids or monoalcohol esters thereof to polycondense into a polyester, c) removing all of the polyester from the reactor vessel, wherein step b) is carried out in the absence of a preformed polyester (“zero heel” process). A condensation catalyst is added in step a) or b) or both.

Abstract: A heat curable silicone rubber composition, having improved resistance to engine coolants and oils, including long-life coolants and synthetic motor oils, comprises: (A) 100 parts by weight of an organosiloxane polymer base comprising an organosiloxane polymer containing at least 2 silicon-bonded alkenyl groups in each molecule and 1 to 65 weight percent reinforcing silica filler, (B) curing component sufficient to cure the composition when heated, and (C) an effective amount of at least one metal salt additive selected from the group consisting of monobasic alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal oxalates, alkali metal tartrates, alkali metal tetraborates, alkali metal phthalates, alkali metal citrates; dibasic metal phosphates where the metal is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium; metal acetates, where the metal is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium; metal sulfates where the metal is selected from the group consisting of s

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous emulsions, a process for the preparation and the use thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing polyesters, in particular, to using a lithium titanyl oxalate as the catalyst for such reaction to provide fast reactions with excellent color properties for the resulting polyester. The present invention provides an improved method of producing polyester by the polycondensation of polyester forming reactants wherein the improvement comprises utilizing, as the polycondensation catalyst, lithium titanyl oxalate. The improved process produces a polyester of improved color versus other titanyl oxalate catalysts and a novel polyester without the presence of antimony.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polybutadiene latex comprises providing an emulsion polymerization medium by reacting a mixture of water, butadiene monomers, a surfactant, a chain transfer agent, an initiator and an electrolyte, preferably at a temperature of about 60˜80° C., preferably for about 8˜16 hours, and agglomerating the resulting emulsion polymerization medium, preferably at a temperature of about 5˜20° C. higher than the polymerization temperature, preferably for about 4˜12 hours by adding a surfactant and an agglomerating agent to the emulsion polymerization medium in consecutive order.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing polypropylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate (PPT/PET) copolyester, which comprises a group of processes from (a) to (e). Process (a) comprises subjecting bis-2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate (BHET), pure terephthalic acid (PTA) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) to undergo esterification reaction to produce BHET and bis-2-hydroxypropyl terephthalate (BHPT), and then subjecting BHET and BHPT to undergo copolymerization reaction. Process (b) comprises subjecting PTA and 1,3-PDO to undergo esterification reaction to produce BHPT, adding BHET, and then subjecting BHET and BHPT to undergo copolymerization reaction. Process (c) comprises subjecting BHET and BEPT to undergo copolymerization reaction. Process (d) comprises subjecting PTA, ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,3-PDO to undergo esterification reaction to produce BHET and BHPT, and then subjecting BHET and BHPT to undergo copolymerization reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of thermoplastic polyester molding compounds, containing A) 80 to 100 wt. % of a polyalkylene arylate, especially polybutyleneterephthalate, with a half-width of crystallization heat releases of ≦5° C. and B) 0 to 20 wt. % of other additives, the weight percentages of constituents A) and B) adding up to 100%, for producing molded bodies by blow-molding, profile extrusion and/or pipe extrusion. A preferred use for the inventive molding compounds is the production of light guide sheathing. The invention also relates to a 3-stage method for producing the polyesters as follows: a) esterification or re-esterification of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its derivative and a glycol; b) precondensation; and c) polycondensation to a viscosity number of at least 158 ml/g. The reaction is carried out in at least 2 temperature zones in stages a) and b).

Abstract: A melt condensation polymerization process for preparing siloxane copolycarbonates is provided. The process includes reacting an aromatic dihydroxy compound, carbonic acid diester, hydroxyaryl terminated polydiorganosiloxane and catalyst with a salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester polymerization catalyst, comprising a solution containing an aluminum compound and an alkali compound, with water or an organic solvent or a mixture consisting of water and an organic solvent as the medium, a production method thereof, and a polyester production method, in which the product obtained by the esterification reaction or ester interchange reaction between an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or any of its ester forming derivative and a diol is polycondensed, to produce a polyester, comprising the use of said polymerization catalyst containing an aluminum compound.The present invention can provide a polyester excellent in processability and can overcome such problems as spinneret contamination, filtration pressure rise, filament breaking, film breaking and foreign matter production in the production process of products such as fibers, films, resins and bottles.

Abstract: A water-dispersible, water- and oil-repellent agent, which comprises an aqueous emulsion comprising a copolymer of a fluoroalkyl group-containing monomer with vinylidene chloride or benzyl (meth)acrylate and a carboxyl group-containing, water-soluble polymer, dispersed in water by a nonionic surfactant, preferably the carboxyl group-containing, water-soluble polymer is used together with a sugar alcohol, contains no organic solvent and has a distinguished freeze-thaw stability.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an unsaturated polyester which comprises (i) reacting an organic diol with a cyclic akylene carbonate in the presence of a first catalyst to thereby form a polyalkoxy diol, and (ii) optionally adding thereto a further amount of cyclic alkylene carbonate in the presence of a second catalyst, and (iii) subsequently polycondensing the resulting mixture with a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A potassium catalyst is used in combination with a cobalt catalyst to increase the reaction rate and/or reduce the reaction temperature of a melt polymerization process for producing an anisotropic melt-phase forming polymer derived from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid, aromatic diol, at least a portion of which is resorcinol and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid, compared to a like process wherein either catalyst is used alone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an unsaturated polyester which comprises (i) reacting an organic diol with a cyclic akylene carbonate in the presence of a first catalyst to thereby form a polyalkoxy diol, and (ii) optionally adding thereto a further amount of cyclic alkylene carbonate in the presence of a second catalyst, and (iii) subsequently polycondensing the resulting mixture with a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process which can be used in oligomerization, polymerization, or depolymerization such as, for example, the production of a polyester is provided. The process comprises contacting a carbonyl compound, in the presence of a composition, with an alcohol. The catalyst comprises a catalyst having the formula of M.sub.x Ti.sup.(III) Ti.sup.(IV).sub.y O.sub.(x+3+4y)/2 wherein M is an alkali metal, Ti.sup.(III) is titanium in the +3 oxidation state, Ti.sup.(IV) is titanium in the +4 oxidation state, x and y are numbers greater than or equal to zero wherein if x equals zero, y is a number less than 1/2.