Abstract: Methods for preparing and using invert emulsions and treatment fluids including the invert emulsions are provided herein. In one or more embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure comprise providing an aqueous fluid comprising water and one or more water-soluble monomers; providing an oil-based fluid comprising a solvent and one or more polymerization surfactants, wherein the solvent comprises a linear or branched dibasic ester; combining the aqueous fluid and the oil-based fluid to form an invert emulsion that comprises an aqueous phase comprising the aqueous fluid and an oil phase comprising the oil-based fluid; and polymerizing at least a portion of the one or more water-soluble monomers in the invert emulsion.

Abstract: A solvent-containing coating compound for stains and varnish coatings, in particular for house varnishes or components thereof, containing or consisting of at least one oxidatively drying organic binder, selected from the group consisting of at least one oxidatively drying middle oil and/or long oil alkyd resin, in particular an oxidatively drying long oil alkyd resin, at least one primary drier based on iron, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one organic salt of iron and/or a coordination complex of iron, in particular a complex salt of iron, at least one first secondary drier, in particular comprising or consisting of at least one organic and/or inorganic salt or a compound of zirconium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, zinc, lithium or aluminium, solvent, water, at least one emulsifying agent, optionally, at least one conventional additive.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion having an oil phase (O) and an aqueous phase (A) at an O/A ratio of from about 1:8 to about 10:1; wherein the water-in-oil emulsion includes the oil phase as a continuous phase that includes an inert hydrophobic liquid, and the aqueous phase as a dispersed phase of distinct particles in the oil phase that includes water, a water soluble polymer, and at least one surfactant; wherein the water soluble polymer includes from about 1 to about 60 weight percent of one or more cationic monomers, wherein the amount is by total weight of the water soluble polymer; wherein the water soluble polymer is present in an amount from about 5 to about 40 weight percent of the water-in-oil emulsion; and wherein an aqueous solution prepared by inverting the water-in-oil emulsion by adding it to water has at least comparable viscosity build to an aqueous solution made from a water-in-oil emulsion of the same composition containing 15 weight percent more water soluble polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermoplastic polymer, a method of preparing the thermoplastic polymer, and a thermoplastic polymer composition including the thermoplastic polymer. More particularly, the present invention provides a thermoplastic polymer reducing the amount of gas generated in high-temperature extrusion and injection-molding processes to improve surface gloss and definition of a resin and provides superior latex stability when a chain-type fatty acid or a salt thereof having a specific branch group or functional group is included as an emulsifier during shell polymerization of a thermoplastic polymer including a core-shell structure, a method of preparing the thermoplastic polymer, and a thermoplastic polymer composition including the thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: The present invention provides the use of aqueous polymer dispersions comprising (a) at least two monomers M1 having a glass transition temperature ?25° C., (b) at least two monomers M2 having a glass transition temperature <25° C., and also further monomers M3, as binders in coating materials for improving the shade stability (color retention).

Abstract: A process for producing acrolein, comprising: a glycerin dehydration step of conducting dehydration reaction of glycerin to obtain an acrolein-containing gas; a partial-condensation step of cooling the acrolein-containing gas to condense a part of acrolein, water and a high-boiling substance contained in the acrolein-containing gas, thereby obtaining a purified gas and a condensate; and a separation step of separating the purified gas from the condensate; wherein a polymerization inhibitor is added to the acrolein-containing gas or the condensate in the partial-condensation step.

Abstract: An aqueous gel that is prepared by gelling a polymer components, the polymer components containing polymer A, which is obtained by polymerizing a monomer component containing a betaine monomer represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R2 represents an alkylene, arylene, aralkylene, —COOH- or —CONH-group; R3 and R4 represent an alkyl group, and R5 represents an alkylene group, and a polymer B, which is obtained by polymerizing a monomer component containing an acidic monomer represented by the formula (II): wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R6 represents an optionally neutralized sulfonate group, an optionally neutralized phosphate group, or an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carboxyl or amino group carrying an optionally neutralized sulfonate group or an optionally neutralized phosphate group.

Abstract: A one part, storage stable polymerizable formulation is provided that includes an ethenically unsaturated polymerizable compound intermixed with a free radical polymerization initiator and an organic solvent. The organic solvent provides storage stability and upon evaporation of the solvent, the rate of polymerization of the compound accelerates independent of addition of a second part. The formulation includes at least 30 total weight percent solids upon cure. Optional additives to the formulation include at least one of a cure accelerator, a filler, a plasticizer, a colorant, and a cure inhibitor. A process for forming a polymerized coating on an article involves the application of this formulation to the substrate of an article and allowing sufficient time for the solvent to evaporate to form the polymerized coating on the article. The substrate of the article forms a corrosion barrier even without prior removal of a native corrosion layer on a surface of the substrate of the article.

Abstract: The invention relates to coating compositions, treated reinforced fibers, reinforced asphalt and portland cement concrete and methods for producing the same. The coating compositions include monomer, prepolymer or mixtures thereof, and graft initiator. The monomer and/or prepolymer include at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and ester. The graft initiator includes metallic salt.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for self-healing hydrogels, complex structures made therefrom, and use thereof, including use of the hydrogels as self-healing coatings, self-healing sealants, tissue adhesives, and drug carriers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to latex compositions comprising hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted acrylic polymer emulsions and methods for preparing same without gelling or coagulation. The latex composition comprises at least about 0.2% of HEC by weight relative to the monomer weight, contains at least about 45% solid, and the average mean volume (mV) latex particle size is in the range of about 320-about 850 nm. Paint compositions incorporating the HEC grafted acrylic latex show high viscosity at static conditions and have no color flow and no syneresis compared paints containing a latex without HEC grafting. The present invention also relates to a cross-linking mechanism that cross-links latex particles at ambient conditions. This cross-linking mechanism comprises diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) and methacrylamide (MAM) with or without styrene.

Abstract: Acid-labile poly(N-vinyl formamide) (“PNVF”) nanocapsules were synthesized by free radical polymerization of N-vinyl formamide with optional active ingredients on the surface of silica nanoparticles. Polymerization in the presence of a novel cross-linker that contains an acid-labile ketal facilitated stable etching of silica nanoparticle templates using sodium hydroxide and recovery of PNVF nanocapsules. The formamido side group of PNVF was then hydrolyzed by extended exposure to sodium hydroxide to produce polyvinylamine (“PVAm”) nanocapsules. PNVF and PVAm nanoparticles are also synthesized that form nanogels with optional active ingredients.

Abstract: The invention provides a fire resistant material and a formulation thereof. The formulation comprises a liquid suspension of a modified inorganic particle and an organic component. The modified inorganic particle comprises an inorganic particle with hydroxyl groups and a surface modifier coupled to the inorganic particle via a urethane linkage, wherein the surface modifier has an ethylenically unsaturated end group. The organic component comprises a monomer, oligomer, prepolymer, polymer, or combinations thereof, capable of reacting with the ethylenically unsaturated end group.

Abstract: A composition and method of associating stabilizer functionalities with latex particulates is provided. The composition can comprise a latex particulate configured for inclusion in an ink-jet ink to provide improved humidfastness of an image printed by the ink-jet ink, wherein the latex particulate has a molecular weight from 10,000 Mw to 10,000,000 Mw, and has a particle size from 10 nm to 2 ?m; and an image stabilizer configured for improving lightfastness of the image, wherein the image stabilizer is bound to the latex particulate. The method can comprise the steps of coupling a polymerizable monomer with a stabilizing agent reactive with the polymerizable monomer, thereby forming a precursor stabilizer-containing monomer; polymerizing the precursor stabilizer-containing monomer to form a latex particulate; and decoupling the stabilizing agent from the latex particulate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an N-vinylamide polymer in an efficient manner by an aqueous solution polymerization method in which a gel-like polymer having an excellent handling property can be produced, and a polymerization time can be shortened. The process for producing an N-vinylamide polymer by subjecting a monomer component comprising N-vinylamide to aqueous solution polymerization according to the present invention comprises the step of polymerizing the monomer component comprising N-vinylamide in the presence of an inorganic salt, which inorganic salt is present in an amount of not less than 7% by mass based on water in a uniform aqueous solution comprising the monomer component at a concentration not more than a saturated solution concentration thereof as measured at a polymerization initiation temperature.

Abstract: The invention provides a fire resistant material and a formulation thereof. The formulation comprises a liquid suspension of a modified inorganic particle and an organic component. The modified inorganic particle comprises an inorganic particle with hydroxyl groups and a surface modifier coupled to the inorganic particle via a urethane linkage, wherein the surface modifier has an ethylenically unsaturated end group. The organic component comprises a monomer, oligomer, prepolymer, polymer, or combinations thereof, capable of reacting with the ethylenically unsaturated end group.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions that enable excellent hardness and UV resistance in coating applications, the compositions containing one or more acrylic-urethane block copolymer having as copolymerized units one or more acrylic monomer, which acrylic monomers are polymerized into a polyurethane backbone polymer. The compositions may be ambient curable. The invention also provides methods to obtain such acrylic-urethane block copolymers, which methods include the incorporation of an initiating species into the polyurethane backbone polymer, and subsequent polymerization of acrylic monomers in the presence of both the initiating species attached to the polyurethane polymer and a reducing agent.

Abstract: Provided are a binder for an electric double layer capacitor electrode which gives an electrode having a high electrode density and a high binding force and which comprises a polymer that can give a polymer film having a tensile stress of 2 MPa or less when the film is elongated at the ratio of 100% and having the elongation at break of 450% or more; a binder composition for an electric double layer capacitor electrode and a slurry composition for an electric double layer capacitor electrode which each comprises the binder; an electrode produced by use of the slurry composition; and an electric double layer capacitor which has the electrode so as to exhibit a large electrostatic capacity and a small internal resistance.

Abstract: An aqueous coating material preparable by mixing with one another (A1) at least one substantially water-free base color comprising (a11) at least one optionally water-soluble or -dispersible binder, (a12) at least one color and/or effect pigment, and (a13) at least one optionally water-miscible organic solvent; (A2) at least one aqueous base color comprising (a21) at least one water-soluble or -dispersible binder, (a22) at least one color pigment, and (a23) water; and (B) at least one aqueous pigment-free mixing varnish comprising (b1) at least one water-soluble or -dispersible binder and (b2) water; and also, if desired, comprising (C) an aqueous medium comprising (c1) a rheology control additive; and also a modular system for preparing aqueous coating materials, comprising (I) at least one substantially water-free color and/or effect module, comprising at least one base color (A1), (II) at least one aqueous color module comprising at least one base color (A2), and (III) at least one aqueous, pigment-free mi

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous radiation-curable compositions comprising from 5 to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of (A) and (B), of at least one water-dilutable (meth)acrylated urethane (A) containing at least one polyethylene glycol segment and at least one pendant hydrophilic group, and from 5 to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of (A) and (B), of at least one other (meth)acrylated compound (B) selected from the group of water-dispersible(meth)acrylated polyurethanes (B1), water-dilutable (meth)acrylates (B2) different from the (meth)acrylated urethane (A), and mixtures thereof and their use for making inks and overprint varnishes.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising a binder of a. polyisocyanate crosslinking agent; b. an isocyanate-reactive component having at least one compound having the following formula (I) including isomers and mixtures of isomers thereof: wherein R, R1, R2, X, Y, Z, m, n, p, q, r and s are described in the specification and a two component composition formulated with the above constituents and substrates, such as, automotive and truck bodies and parts coated with the novel composition and novel amine and/or hydroxy amine compounds are also part of the invention.

Abstract: An aqueous copolymer composition containing copolymer particles containing polymerized units of (meth)acrylonitrile, (meth)acrylamide, or combinations thereof; and at least one unsaturated fatty acid ester is provided. A method is provided for preparing a coating from the aqueous copolymer composition. The aqueous copolymer composition is useful for preparing crosslinked coatings, suitable in coating applications such as architectural or maintenance paints.

Abstract: An energy curable aqueous composition is disclosed containing: water; an ethylenically unsaturated oligomer; and a resin not containing energy curable functional groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble polymer dispersion comprising: a dispersed polymer made up of at least one water-soluble monomer A and at least one water-soluble cationic monomer B, at least one stabiliser C, and at least one cationic polyelectrolyte as co-stabiliser D. It also relates to a method of producing a polymer dispersion and to a paper-making process.

Abstract: A composition and method of associating stabilizer functionalities with latex particulates is provided. The composition can comprise a latex particulate configured for inclusion in an ink-jet ink to provide improved humidfastness of an image printed by the ink-jet ink, wherein the latex particulate has a molecular weight from 10,000 Mw to 10,000,000 Mw, and has a particle size from 10 nm to 2 ?m; and an image stabilizer configured for improving durability of the image, wherein the image stabilizer is bound to or otherwise associated with the latex particulate. The method can comprise the steps of coupling a polymerizable monomer with a stabilizing agent reactive with the polymerizable monomer, thereby forming a stabilizer precursor-containing monomer; polymerizing the stabilizer-containing monomer to form a latex particulate; and decoupling the stabilizing agent from the latex particulate.

Abstract: A medium for use in electrophoresis comprising N-methylurea and a polyacrylamide gel. In particular, the medium is used in a system and method of electrophoretic separation comprising the introduction of a sample to the medium, and applying an electric field across the medium.

Abstract: A medium for use in electrophoresis comprising N-methylurea and a polyacrylamide gel. In particular, the medium is used in a system and method of electrophoretic separation comprising the introduction of a sample to the medium, and applying an electric field across the medium.

Abstract: A composition and method that provides a chemically grafted coating onto a substrate. The composition comprises an acrylate and a grafting initiator. The acrylate may be a waterborne urethane acrylate. The composition may also comprise resistance agents, adhesion agents, UV curing photoinitiators, defoaming agent, and/or deglossing agents. The substrate may be any wood or plastic, but works well with heat shrinkable polyolefin tubing. The composition may also be quick curing such that the coating from the composition may be cured under a D bulb and an H bulb at a rate of 100-160 feet/minute. The coating on the substrate resists delamination and wear. The coating may have indicia printed on the coating, the indicia being composed from ink or other printable materials.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention is an adhesive composition formed from two packs. One pack includes an isocyanate-functional prepolymer formed by reacting a polyisocyanate with an alcohol (e.g., polyol). The isocyanate equivalents from the polyisocyanate exceed the hydroxyl equivalents from the alcohol. The second pack is an aqueous polymer emulsion. These two packs are combined to form the novel adhesive composition. Another aspect of the invention is a method for joining together two surfaces of wood products by application of an adhesive thereto. The first step in this method is to mist with water the wood product surfaces to be joined. An adhesive composition then is applied to the misted wood product surfaces. Alternatively, the water misting can be replaced with an aqueous emulsion being part of the adhesive composition. Finally, the adhesive composition is cured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an environmentally safe water based construction adhesive suitable for binding two (2) substrates together under conditions wherein moisture resistance is a requirement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid coating composition that is thermally-curable in the presence of oxygen, comprising: a monomer or oligomer containing two or more acrylate and/or methacrylate functional groups; an azo initiator; and oxygen. This invention also relates to a process for coating a substrate comprising the steps of applying a thin film of the foregoing coating composition to said substrate; and heating said coating composition at an effective temperature for an effective period of time to cure said coating composition, said applying and heating steps being conducted in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A nonwoven fabric of chemically bonded non-cellulose fibers having improved wet tensile properties. The fabric includes a random arrangement of non-cellulose fibers and an essentially formaldehyde free latex binder. The latex binder contains at least about 6.7 wt. % vinyl cyanide monomer to bond the non-cellulose fibers and form a nonwoven fabric having at least a 10% improvement in wet tensile strength over a comparable nonwoven fabric having a latex binder essentially free of formaldehyde and free of vinyl cyanide monomer in the monomeric mixture.

Abstract: Cores for manufacture of molded products are fabricated from ceramic microspheres in combination with 5-20% polymer binder in water solution, the binder comprising poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Abstract: A composition suitable for slush molding is disclosed. The composition comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (A) having a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 50,000, a glass transition point of not higher than −35° C. and a heat softening initiation temperature of 100 to 160° C.; a plasticizer (B); a blocked polyisocyanate (C); a pigment (D); and a blocking inhibitor (E) comprising a resin powder which is not heat-softened even at 160° C. and has an average particle diameter of not more than 10 &mgr;m. The composition has a wide mold temperature range, and provides a molded article excellent in properties at low temperature, anti-fogging, thermal aging resistance and light aging resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersing agent for pigments or extenders which is obtainable by salt formation from an amine-functional compound by means of an acid,wherein a polyamine which contains at least three amino groups and which is from the group comprising aliphatic linear polyamines and/or aliphatic branched polyamines and/or modified polyamines, with the proviso that after modification three amino groups which can be converted into salts are still present per molecule, or a mixture of polyamines such as these, is used as the amine-functional compound, andwherein a substance from the group comprising phosphoric acid esters of general formula: (HO).sub.3-n PO(OR.sup.1).sub.n where n=1 or 2, sulphonic acids of general formula HOSO.sub.2 R.sup.2 and acidic sulphuric acid esters of general formula HOSO.sub.3 R.sup.2 is used as the acid, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: An aqueous copolymer dispersion is prepared by free-radical emulsion co-polymerization of a monomer mixture ofi) from 10 to 70% by weight of at least one nonionic monomer A having a water-solubility of more than 60 g/l at 25.degree. C., and being selected from the group consisting of N-vinyllactams having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms, N-vinylformamide and N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide,ii) from 30 to 90% by weight of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated hydrophobic monomer B having a water-solubility of less than 60 g/l at 25.degree. C.,and optionally further comprisingiii) up to 5% by weight of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer C which has at least one ionic and/or ionizable functional group,iv) up to 10% by weight of at least one monomer D which has at least 2 ethylenically unsaturated bonds,v) up to 20% by weight of at least one further monoethylenically unsaturated monomer E, which is different from the monomers A and C, and has a water-solubility of >60 g/l at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing a coating compositions for use over chalky substrates comprising a partial interpenetrating network of a polyurethane component and a waterborne polymer component, wherein the polyurethane component is prepared in the presence of the waterborne polymer component.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a functional latex polymer composition resistant to hydrolysis which contains a vinyl polymer of copolymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers where at least one monomer contains at least one hydrolyzable functional group. The combined oxygen and nitrogen content of the vinyl polymer is up to about 27 wt %, based on the monomers in the vinyl polymer.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer emulsions are obtained by polymerizing a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomers by the free radical aqueous emulsion polymerization method and using, as the dispersing medium, a mixture of water and an organic solvent which is not completely soluble in water, the amount of solvent accounting for more than 20% by weight of the total amount of monomers to be polymerized.

Abstract: Coating media and their use in processes for producing single-layer and multi-layer coatings are described. The coating media contain an aqueous mixture comprisingI. 99-70% by weight of a mixture ofA) 50-100% by weight of one or more binder vehicles which at least in part contain ionic groups,B) 0-50% by weight of one or more crosslinking agents, which at least in part may contain ionic groups, for binder vehicle A), wherein the ionic groups which are present have the same charge as those of component A), andII.

Abstract: A latex comprising a free radically polymerized product, said product comprising at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers, at least one of said monomers having an isocyanate group which is sterically hindered or blocked and at least one other of said ethylenically unsaturated monomers being free of isocyanate functional groups, in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of a free-radical polymerization catalyst, in a manner such that the sterically hindered or blocked isocyanate groups distribute in the outer layer of the latex particle and the method of making such.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a stable water-in-oil emulsion of a hydrolyzed polymer of an N-vinyl amide of the formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sup.1 denote H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, by the polymerization of a compound of the formula I alone or in admixture with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator and emulsifier in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion, to form a water-in-oil polymeric emulsion, followed by hydrolysis of the polymer in the form of the water-in-oil polymeric emulsion in the presence of an acid or base and from 1 to 30 wt %, based on the polymer, of an emulsifier, the emulsifier used being a mixture of(a) from 5 to 95 wt % of a block or graft copolymer of the structure (A-B)m, (A)-B or (B)-A, in which in each case(a) from 5 to 95 wt % of a block or graft copolymer of the structure (A-B).sub.m, (A).sub.n B or (B).sub.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparing a dispersions of water soluble cationic polymers in an aqueous salt solution is disclosed. The improvement comprises using as a polymeric dispersion stabilizer a water soluble hydrophobically associating copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and a monomer selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## and alkyl esters of acrylic acid, where R.sub.1 is either hydrogen or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A.sub.1 is either an oxygen atom or NH; B.sub.1 is either an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxypropylene group, Q is benzyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl, and X.sub.1.sup.- is an anionic counterion.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for preparing aqueous polymer emulsions useful as thickening agents in aqueous compositions in which plating and/or grit formation is reduced in said processes. This invention also relates to methods for reducing plating and/or grit formation in processes for preparing aqueous polymer emulsions useful as thickening agents in aqueous compositions. This invention further relates to polymers which are soluble in, or swelled by, an aqueous alkaline medium to provide thickeners for use in aqueous coating compositions, especially latex paints.

Abstract: A low formaldehyde high gel fraction latex binder is made utilizing a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R', independently, is an alkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, or wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, independently is an alkyl, an aromatic, or combinations thereof having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or wherein said R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are connected to form an internal amide, and wherein the isopropenyl group is either in the ortho, meta or para position. The latex binder is generally an emulsion or latex copolymer made from various monomers including at least one or more conjugated dienes having a total of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms with butadiene being preferred and from one or more vinyl-substituted aromatics having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms, with styrene being preferred. The amount of the above formulation compounds is generally from about 0.

Abstract: A method for reducing the amount of microfoam in a spray-applied clear waterborne thermoset composition is provided, wherein the clear composition contains an emulsion-polymerized addition polymers or a multi-staged emulsion-polymerized addition polymers with an average particle diameter greater than about 120 nanometers and bearing at least two first reactive groups and a reactive modifier bearing at least two reactive groups is formed; is spray-applied to a substrate; and is cured. Also provided are substrates bearing such spray-applied clear compositions.

Abstract: Novel mono- and multi-functional non-ionic urethane monomers are prepared from surfactants comprising poly(ethylene oxide)(butylene oxide) copolymers, preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-terminated, monohydric, ethylene oxide/butylene oxide block polymers and monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic isocyanates. When polymerized with, e.g. acrylic acid or alkyl acrylates, these monomers provide copolymers exhibiting greatly enhanced thickening efficiency.

Abstract: A vinyl laminate comprising polyvinyl chloride film bonded to a substrate with an adhesive composition consisting essentially of(a) 50 to 95 wt % aqueous polyvinyl alcohol stabilized vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer emulsion,(b) 5 to 50 wt % aqueous polyurethane-acrylic polymer dispersion, the weight percent based upon polymer solids, and optionally,(c) 3 to 15 wt % polyisocyanate material, the wt %'s based on components (a) and (b) solids.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for preparing aqueous polymer emulsions useful as thickening agents in aqueous compositions in which plating and/or grit formation is reduced in said processes. This invention also relates to methods for reducing plating and/or grit formation in processes for preparing aqueous polymer emulsions useful as thickening agents in aqueous compositions. This invention further relates to polymers which are soluble in, or swelled by, an aqueous alkaline medium to provide thickeners for use in aqueous coating compositions, especially latex paints.

Abstract: An aqueous based coating composition contains a polymeric film-forming resin and as an additive from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight based on the resin solids of the composition of an oligomeric ester having an acid value of from about 100 to about 500 of the structure: ##STR1## where X is the residue of a polyol containing from 1 to 50 carbon atoms per hydroxyl group after reaction with an acid or an anhydride, R is an organic moiety from the acid or anhydride and A has an average value of about 2 or greater.The coating compositions are particularly advantageous as metallic pigmented coating compositions for automotive basecoat applications because they exhibit excellent resistance to mottling, have good flop and have reduced sensitivity to fluctuations in relative humidity.