Abstract: A process for preparation of ceramic objects which comprises: (a) applying a layer of a high-solids photocurable ceramic composition, to a substrate, the composition comprising: (1) at least 10 percent by volume of water; (2) at least 0.05 percent by weight of photocurable compounds which are soluble or dispersible in water; and (3) at least 45 volume percent dispersed ceramic particles; and (b) subjecting the composition to sufficient ultraviolet radiation to react the compounds or polymers sufficiently to form a layer of the photocurable compounds or polymers, which is water-insoluble and non-dispersible in water, having the ceramic particles dispersed therein.

Abstract: The properties of ink-jet inks containing a colorant (pigment, macromolecular chromophore, or dye) are improved by adding thereto an additive, specifically, one or more polymers derived from unsaturated surfactants. The unsaturated surfactant(s) has at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C═C). The polymer may be simply an polymer of the unsaturated surfactant. Alternatively, the polymer may be co-polymerized with one or more vinyl monomers or one or more polymers based on the vinyl monomers may be mixed with the unsaturated surfactant polymer. The vinyl monomer(s) or polymer(s) are used to adjust or “tweak” the properties of the resultant polymer. For example, the more hydrophobic the polymer or the higher its molecular weight, then the greater the water-fastness afforded the ink-jet ink. The polymeric additive of the invention improves bleed control, water-fastness, and smear-fastness of ink-jet inks, particularly thermal ink-jet inks.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiple part ionomeric cement system comprising an organic composition that is substantially free of added water, and an aqueous composition comprising water. The organic composition contains at least a hydrophilic component and an acid functional compound that is provided as greater than 1.0% weight of the organic composition. The liquid ingredients of the compositions are miscible, both as separate compositions and when mixed together.

Abstract: This invention concerns comb-like branched, water-soluble cationic acrylamide copolymers, prepared from 1-40 mole % of a water-soluble cationic prepolymer backbone of formula I--[A--B--NR].sub.n -- Iwhere A is an unsaturated ammonium compound or acrylamide and B--NR-- is selected from the group consisting of olefinically unsaturated, functional amine-group-containing monomers, triethanolamine, and diethanolalkylamine, and the amount of B--NR is 1 mole % to 50 mole % and n represents a degree of polymerization which leads to molecular weights in the range from 1000 to 200,000 g/mole, and 60 to 99 mole % acrylamide by graft polymerization of the acrylamide onto the amine-group-containing cationic prepolymer backbone with a water-in-oil emulsion technique, and the comb-like branched acrylamide copolymers have a molecular weight of >1 million.

Abstract: A two-component thermosetting coating composition is disclosed wherein the binder components comprise: (a) an amino component comprising an aqueous solution and/or dispersion of at least one polyacrylate containing amino groups in a quantity sufficient to make said polyacrylate soluble and/or dispersible in water; and (b) a polyisocyanate component containing free isocyanate groups. Also disclosed is the method of emulsifying component (b) into component (a).

Abstract: Processes for producing free flowing, Mannich and glyoxal polyacrylamide water soluble and water-swellable granules from a water-in-oil emulsion and compositions comprising such dry polymer granules are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for producing dispersions of watsoluble vinyl polymers and a stabilizer for carrying out this process. Such water-soluble, particularly cationic vinyl polymers, are employed on a large scale as process expediters for carrying out, for instance, separating processes in water treatment or waste-water purification, respectively, in the paper, coal and ore industries, in oil production or also in the food stuff industry, among others, for floculation, coagulation, retention or dewatering. According to the present invention, water-soluble vinyl polymers are homo- or copolymerized in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer of the invention. The stabilizer consists of a graft copolymer whose backbone is formed by polyethylene oxide and its grafted branches of cationic vinyl monomers. Among others, cationic, hydrophobically modified vinyl monomers can be advantageously employed.

Abstract: A water-resistant ink jet ink composition comprising from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a pigment, a carrier, and from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of a photo-crosslinkable polymeric dispersant having the following formula:(A)x(B)y(C)zwherein:A represents repeating units of an ethylenically unsaturated group;B represents repeating units of an ethylenically unsaturated group containing at least one photo-crosslinkable group;C represents repeating units of an ethylenically unsaturated group which provides water-dispersibility or water-solubility to the dispersant;x is from 0% to 80 mole %;y is from 0.1% to 100% mole %; and,z is from 0% to 99.9 mole %.

Abstract: Inverse microemulsions having a Standard Viscosity of at least about 3.3 cps are disclosed which comprise an aqueous phase of dispersed micelles containing water and an (alk)acrylamide-based polymer substituted with at least 1 mole percent of quaternized tertiary aminomethyl groups, wherein said microemulsion is derived from a microemulsion containing greater than about 20 percent, by weight, and less than about 40 percent, by weight, of aqueous phase polymer solids, based on said microemulsion. A method of making said microemulsions and use thereof to dewater dispersions of suspended solids are also taught.

Abstract: Inverse microemulsions are disclosed wherein the dispersed micelles containing water and an (alk)acrylamide-based polymer substituted with at least one mole percent of quaternized tertiary aminomethyl groups i.e. the aqueous phase, contain from about 20 percent to about 40 percent, by weight, of polymer solids and the microemulsion has a Standard Viscosity of at least about 3.3 cps. A method of making said microemulsions and use thereof to dewater dispersions of suspended solids are also taught.

Abstract: Processes for spray drying water-soluble and water-swellable vinyl-addition polymer-containing dispersions, emulsions and microemulsions to obtain substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, compositions of substantially dry water-soluble or water-swellable polymer particles, methods of agglomerating spray-dried polymer particles, and methods of using spray-dried polymer particles and agglomerates in water-treating, mining, paper, food processing, soil conditioning, solution thickening, biotechnological, and oil recovery applications are disclosed.

Abstract: Polymer powders which are redispersible in an aqueous medium are prepared by drying an aqueous polymer dispersion whose polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous medium have a positive or a negative electric surface charge, with the addition of a water-soluble polyelectrolyte as a drying assistant, the electric charge of the polyion being opposite to the electric surface charge of the disperse polymer particles.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of cationic water-soluble polymers are provided, as well as processes for making and methods of using the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to dicyclopentyl-oxyethyl methacrylate acrylic copolymer latices forming photocurable coalesced films and prepared by adding a photoinitiator to the latex, and which are useful for preparing lacquers and paints, particularly for building facades.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing crosslinked resin particles which comprises dispersing a resin having both a water-dispersible function and a self-crosslinkable function in one molecule in an aqueous medium and then three-dimensionally crosslinking.

Abstract: A novel additive for papermaking is disclosed. The additive comprises an aqueous solution of a copolymer obtained by reacting (a) an acrylamide, (b) a vinyl monomer which is copolymerizable with component (a) and has a cationic group, (c) at least one of vinyl monomers which are copolymerizable with component (a) and (b) and have 2, 3 or 4 carboxyl groups in a molecule thereof and/or a salt thereof, optionally (e) a nonionic monomer which is copolymerizable with components (a), (b) and (c) if desired, and (d) a cross-linking compound, in the presence of (f) at least one of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, diethanolamine and glycerin.This novel additive for papermaking is able to achieve excellent freeness and retention in the process of papermaking and provides paper with increased strength.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new aqueous dispersion of surface active polymer which demonstrates enhanced surface active and performance properties more particularly as a foaming agent. The polymer comprises a vinyl monomer having at least one quaternized nitrogen atom, a vinyl monomer having at least one amide group, a vinyl monomer bearing both a hydrophobic and a hydrophylic group and optionally, a vinyl carboxylic monomer.

Abstract: A hydrogel adhesive made of a polymer formed by polymerizing a water soluble long chain (meth)acrylate ester monomer (structure I); a hydrogel adhesive made of a copolymer formed by copolymerizing a first water soluble long chain (meth)acrylate ester monomer (structure I) with a second water soluble monomer (structure II); biomedical devices having such hydrogel adhesives; a method of preparing hydrogel adhesives; and a method of adhering biomedical devices to skin.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparing a dispersions of water soluble cationic polymers in an aqueous salt solution is disclosed. The improvement comprises using as a polymeric dispersion stabilizer a water soluble hydrophobically associating copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and a monomer selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## and alkyl esters of acrylic acid, where R.sub.1 is either hydrogen or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A.sub.1 is either an oxygen atom or NH; B.sub.1 is either an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxypropylene group, Q is benzyl, or C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl, and X.sub.1.sup.- is an anionic counterion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of low viscous, water soluble polymer dispersions on an aqueous basis with a high concentration of the active substance, containing a polymerizate A) synthesized from the monomeric components, hydrophobic monomers and optionally amphiphilic monomers, which exhibit an average molecular weight M.sub.w of at least 5.times.10.sup.5 Dalton and contain at least one polymeric dispersing agent D), where in a first step an aqueous dispersion PD) is prepared from the polymerizate A) and at least one polymeric dispersing agent D); in a second step an aqueous, highly concentrated dispersion PD') is prepared from the aqueous dispersion PD) by extracting the water; and in a third step an aqueous dispersion PD") with a high content of the active substance is prepared through the addition of an aqueous dispersion of at least one polymeric dispersing agent D) to the concentrated dispersion PD'), and where the second and third process step can be repeated in succession.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous dispersions of water soluble polymers, formed by polymerization of a mixture A of various monomer components (a1, a2, and possibly a3) in the presence of a polymeric dispersant D; wherewith the mixture A is comprised of the following different monomera1 (in the amount of 99-70 wt. %), comprised of at least one water soluble monomer,a2 (in the amount of 1-30 wt. %), comprised of at least one hydrophobic monomer, and (possibly)a3 (in the amount of 0-20 wt. %), comprised of at least one amphipathic monomer, wherewith in each instance the sum of the amounts of a1, a2, and a3 is 100%;and wherewith the water soluble polymers have a mean molecular weight M.sub.w (gravimetric mean) of at least 10.sup.6 Dalton.

Abstract: Copolymerizable amphoteric surfactants of the structural formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, R.sub.2 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, X.sup.- =SO.sub.3.sup.- or COO.sup.-, a=2-3, and b=1-6, are polymerized into copolymer latexes for use in paint formulations, in an amount of 1-3 parts per hundred parts by weight of monomers used to form the copolymer, to impart superior wet adhesion and freeze-thaw stability to the latex paints. The copolymer latexes contain no more than one part by weight carboxylic acid functionality per hundred part monomers. The monomers with which the amphoteric surfactants are copolymerized are selected from alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid, acrylic and methacrylic acid, styrene and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: In present invention, cationic particle having two-layer structure wherein copolymerized resin comprising a specific copolymer is protected with a film of water soluble resin is contained in aqueous medium. In this way, a glossy film can be obtained by employing the composition of the cationic micro-emulsion; moreover, this film is superior in waterproof, weatherproof, and the like. This composition of the cationic micro-emulsion is effective as top coat material for painting, sealer, and the like.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprising cationic polymeric microparticles are disclosed, along with a method for their production. The products are useful in flocculating a wide variety of dispersions of suspended solids.

Abstract: Aqueous polyurethane dispersions are prepared by reacting (a) dihydroxy compounds having a molecular weight of from 500 to 5,000, (b) diisocyanates and, if required, (c) chain extenders having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups and a molecular weight of less than 300 in the melt or in the presence of a water-miscible, inert organic solvent (S) which boils below 100.degree. C. to give a prepolymer having terminal isocyanate groups, then reacting the prepolymer with (d) salts of aliphatic aminocarboxylic or aminosulfonic acids or tertiary ammonium salts and dispersing the resulting polyurethane in water, by a process in which, before the polyurethane obtained is dispersed in water, from 5 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polyurethane, of a polymer (p) [sic]which is dissolved in a solvent (S') boiling below 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Cationic copolymers which are insoluble in water based on acrylamide, and a cationic monomer of general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R and R.sub.1, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an oxygen atom or an NH radical and n represents 2 or 3, containing in molar proportions 5 to 30% of cation units and cross-linked with 0.01% to 0.4% in molar proportions relative to the previous monomers of bisacrylamidoacetic acid and with about 0.01% to 0.1% in molar proportions relative to the monomers of bisacrylamidoacetic acid, self-reversible dispersions containing them and use in coating in the paper industry.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polymer emulsion prepared by neutralizing a seed polymer with an acid or a salt or by quaternizing it with a quaternizing agent and a method of preparing the polymer emulsion. The surfaces of the emulsion grains are very densely cationated. The seed polymer is formed by polymerizing a monomer of formula (I) or a mixture of the monomer (I) and copolymerizable ethylenic unsaturated monomer(s) (II) and a seed latex of a carboxyl-modified synthetic rubber latex or synthetic resin emulsion. ##STR1## R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 is a 2-5C alkylene; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each are H or a 1-5C alkyl; A is--COO--or--CONH--; and R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are so selected that the monomer is hardly soluble or insoluble in water. As a consequence of being very densely cationated by post-modification, the cationic polymer emulsion is useful in various fields as binders, fixers or other additives.

Abstract: Mono- or copolymers of water-soluble monomers of formula I are produced by preparing a two-phase system containing droplets of an aqueous solution of the monomers in a water-immiscible inert organic liquid. The monomers are polymerized in the presence of a combination of a suspending agent and an emulsifier.

Abstract: Water-soluble, high molecular weight, linear copolymers of a diallyl ammonium monomer and an acrylamide monomer are prepared by emulsion copolymerization of a major portion of the acrylamide monomer via stage-addition, and the addition of a chain transfer agent at the conclusion of said copolymerization to prevent branching and cross-linking.

Abstract: A cationic polymer composition suitable for use as a flocculating agent and as a retention aid in paper making consists of a mixture ofa) a hydrophilic cationic polymer,b) an anionic surfactant,optionally c) a water-immeriscible oil in which the polymer a) is insoluble,and, if c) is present,optionally d) a lipophilic non-ionic surfactant,optionally e) waterand optionally f) an oil-miscible polar solvent.The compositions may be prepared by water-in-oil emulsion polymerisation and are readily diluted with water.

Abstract: Polymers having pendent cationic quaternary nitrogen containing groups form salts with allantoin which provide for a film forming moisture barrier in skin conditioning lotions, ointments, cosmetics conditioning treatments, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of cationic water-soluble copolymers which are prepared by incorporating only a portion of the cationic monomer in the aqueous phase prior to forming the water-in-oil emulsion in which polymerization will occur, forming the emulsion, adding the balance of the cationic monomer such that essentially no polymerization occurs immediately after the addition, and polymerizing the monomers. Copolymers prepared by this process show improved performance over conventionally prepared cationic copolymers.

Abstract: A Mannich emulsion containing a stabilizing amount of a guanidine salt has been found to exhibit substantially increased long term stability, even at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Novel, stable blends of cationic water-in-oil emulsion polymers with cationic polymers in aqueous solution are preparable through the use of stabilizing solvents and surfactants.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of cationic water-soluble copolymers which are prepared by incorporating only a portion of the cationic monomer in the aqueous phase prior to forming the water-in-oil emulsion in which polymerization will occur, forming the emulsion, adding the balance of the cationic monomer such that essentially no polymerization occurs immediately after the addition, and polymerizing the monomers. Copolymers prepared by this process show improved performance over conventionally prepared cationic copolymers.

Abstract: A homogeneous composite polymer containing, in an interpenetrated form, 20% to 80% by weight of silica and 80% to 20% by weight of a three-dimensional crosslinked acrylic, vinyl and/or allyl copolymer comprising, in a copolymerized form, 98% to 70% by weight of at least one monofunctional acrylic, vinyl or allyl monomer and 2% to 30% by weight of a difunctional acrylic or allyl crosslinking monomer is useful in liquid chromatography.

Abstract: A solution comprising(a) water; and(b) about 0.01 to about 10 weight % of a water soluble polymerizable monomer characterized by the formula ##STR1## wherein n is a 6-22 straight chained or branched chained alkyl or cycloalkyl group and the ration of t to s is about 1/5 to 5/1.

Abstract: (A) 1 to 50% by weight of at least one end carboxyl bearing reactive vinyl monomer of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl group; R.sub.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alicyclic hydrocarbon having 6 to 7 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 carbon atoms; A is a repeating unit of ##STR2## R.sub.3 is ethylene or propylene; R.sub.4 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 1 to 10; n is an integer of 2 to 50; X is an inorganic or organic base, and when .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated compound(s) (B) hereinunder referred to includes a basic relative monomer, it may be hydrogen atom, and(B) 99 to 50% by weight of at least one other .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated compounds, in an aqueous medium through an emulsion polymerization and removing the said medium therefrom.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a cationic polymer is disclosed, which is obtained by reacting an ethylene copolymer comprising from 40 to 80% by weight of ethylene and from 20 to 60% by weight of at least one aminoalkyl acrylamide comonomer represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and n represents an integer of from 2 to 4, and having a melt index, as measured in accordance with JIS K-6760, of from 10 to 1,000 g/10 min with hydrochloric acid in water to form a quaternary salt and subsequently reacting the resulting quaternary salt with an epihalohydrin compound through addition reaction. The aqueous dispersion provides a coating film having an improved electrical conductivity or produces effects to simultaneously improve degree of sizing and wet strength of paper.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous acrylic polymer dispersion containing no protective colloid and a dispersed phase comprised of a polymer of (a) one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic or methacrylic esters containing up to 22 carbon atoms and (b) 0.1% to 2%, by weight of the total monomers, of at least one water-soluble free-radically polymerizable monomer selected from the group consisting of linear or cyclic, nonaromatic sulfonic acids or sulfonic acid metal salts, amine salts, ammonium salts and quaternary ammonium salts having (i) 4 to 36 carbon atoms, (ii) conjugated unsaturation and (iii) a solubility of at least 0.4 gram per 100 ml of water at about 20.degree. C. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the aqueous acrylic polymer dispersion by the aqueous emulsion polymerization, in the absence of a protective colloid and in the presence of a polymerization initiator, of (a) the acrylic or methacrylic ester monomer(s) and (b) the free-radically polymerizable monomer(s).

Abstract: Disclosed are aqueous polyacrylate dispersions having improved rheological and stability characteristics prepared by the emulsion polymerization of acrylic esters, methacrylic esters and mixtures thereof in the absence of a protective colloid, wherein the improvement comprises conducting the polymerization in the presence of, by weight of the total monomer content, from about 0.1 to 2% of at least one substantially completely water-soluble monomer having conjugated unsaturation. The resultant aqueous polyacrylate dispersions are useful in the manufacture of latex paints, binders for nonwoven materials, water-based inks, paper coatings and water-borne adhesives, such as pressure-sensitive adhesives.

Abstract: High solids content, high molecular weight hydrophobe-containing cationic polymer products are prepared by an inverse (water-in-oil) emulsion process wherein the hydrophobic monomer is in the water phase. The resultant polymers have increased activity in oily water clean-up.

Abstract: Use of finely divided aqueous cationic dispersions of synthetic resins obtainable by emulsion polymerization from suitable monomers and which contain cationic dispersion polymers, as impregnants and primers for consolidating and priming of porous absorbent substrates, preferably inorganic substrates such as, for example, masonry, concrete, plaster surfaces, gypsum surfaces, bricks or wood, by treating these substrates with the aqueous cationic dispersions whose polymer particles have mean particle diameters of 0.02 to 0.2 .mu.m.Aqueous cationic dispersions of synthetic resins exhibit a superior penetrating and permeating power, in particular on smooth plaster surfaces and smooth gypsum surfaces, compared with aqueous anionic or non-ionic dispersions of synthetic resins.

Abstract: Stable amphoteric aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymers obtained by reacting at least one unsaturated nitrogen compound capable of being hydrolyzed in an acid or alkaline medium with an aqueous emulsion reaction mixture, containing cationic species, of at least one non-ionic monomer capable of being copolymerized with the nitrogen compound to form synthetic polymers and at least one substance which generates cationic species capable of chemically binding with the synthetic polymers.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers, i.e. polyacrylamides, which are subject to freeze-thaw degradation are stabilized against repeated freeze-thaw cycles by incorporating specific substituted succinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of water-soluble polymers, i.e. polyacrylamides, which are subject to freeze-thaw degradation are stabilized against repeated freeze-thaw cycles by incorporating specific substituted succinic anhydrides.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing organic color contamination in influent water are disclosed. The methods comprise adding to the influent water powdered activated carbon and a water soluble or water dispersible cationic polymer. The polymers are chosen from: (a) polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine with an epichlorohydrin or epoxide (b) cross-linked polyquaternary ammonium polymers formed from reaction of a secondary amine, epichlorohydrin or epoxide, and a third reactant selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, alkylenediamines and polyamines and (c) substantially linear high molecular weight polyquaternary ammonium polymers of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,288,770, such as polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride. Compositions comprise a slurry comprising powdered activated carbon and at least one polymer chosen from the (a) (b) and (c) groupings and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides new weakly acidic crosslinked vinyl polymer particles having utility as components of coating compositions, liquid electrographic developers, and layers of electrographic elements and records.The polymeric particles of the invention are characterized in that each particle has a weakly acidic surface and an average diameter less than one micrometer and comprises a crosslinked vinyl addition copolymer obtainable by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a mixture of monomers in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: A cationic polymer composition suitable for use as a flocculating agent and as a retention aid and dewatering agent in paper making consists of a mixture of(a) a hydrophilic cationic polymer of(a.sub.1) acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and(a.sub.2) dialkylamino-C.sub.2-3 alkylene-(meth)acrylamidethe molar quantity of cationic monomer units (a.sub.2) being from 0.2 to 9 mol % of the total(b) an anionic surfactant(c) a water-immiscible oil in which the polymer (a) is insoluble, andoptionally (d) a lipophilic non-ionic surfactant,optionally (e) waterand optionally (f) an oil-miscible polar solvent.The compositions may be prepared by water-in-oil emulsion copolymerization and are readily diluted with water.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol polymers having pendant cationic quaternary nitrogen containing groups provide for a film forming moisture barrier in skin conditioning lotions, ointments, cosmetic conditioning treatments and pharmaceutical formulations.