Abstract: The present invention concerns a composition being an inverse emulsion comprising cross-linked anionic, organic polymeric microparticles, said microparticles having an unswollen z-average particle size diameter of less than 0.75 ?m, wherein the organic polymeric microparticles are formed from a monomer mixture comprising (a) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, or a salt thereof; (b) an ethylenically unsaturated non-ionic monomer; and (c) from 1 to 10 mole % of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, or a salt thereof. The invention also provides a process for preparing the composition, the use of the composition in a paper or paperboard making process and methods of making paper or paperboard employing said composition.

Abstract: A process for enhanced oil recovery comprising the following steps: a) Preparation of an injection fluid comprising at least one water-soluble (co)polymer prepared at least from 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (ATBS) or from at least one of its salts, with water or with brine, where the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a hydrated crystalline form of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid having a 2-theta powder X-ray diffraction diagram comprising peaks at 10.58°, 11.2°, 12.65°, 13.66°, 16.28°, 18.45°, 20°, 20.4°, 22.5°, 25.5°, 25.88°, 26.47°, 28.52°, 30.28°, 30.8°, 34.09°, 38.19°, 40.69°, 41.82°, 43.74°, 46.04° degrees. b) Injection of injection fluid into an underground formation, c) Flushing of the underground formation using the fluid injected, d) Recovery of an aqueous and hydrocarbon mixture.

Abstract: A hydrogenated nitrile rubber composition and a drivetrain oil seal whereby seal squeal can be prevented even upon wearing away of the sealing or even under dry lubrication conditions without any grease. The hydrogenated nitrile rubber composition comprises 100 parts by weight of hydrogenated nitrile rubber and further 10 to 55 parts by weight of wollastonite and 10 to 55 parts by weight of graphite as fillers, the total amount of the fillers being 50 to 110 parts by weight. The drivetrain oil seal comprises a crosslinked product of the hydrogenated nitrile rubber composition.

Abstract: Provided is a film for blister packs having barrier capability that is excellent in terms of impact resistance and thermal stability. Also provided is a vinylidene chloride polymer-containing latex that is ideal for producing the film. The coating layer of the film for a blister pack, and the latex, comprise a vinylidene chloride copolymer having a weight-average molecular weight, Mw, between 120,000 and 300,000 that is obtainable by emulsion polymerizing 70 to 95 parts by mass of vinylidene chloride and 30 to 5 parts by mass of one or more other monomer(s) copolymerizable with the vinylidene chloride, with the proviso that the total amount of vinylidene chloride and the other monomer(s) is 100 parts by mass).

Abstract: A system and a method of fabricating a complex three dimensional part are described. The system comprises a rapid prototyping machine configured to provide a disposable mold having a negative imprint of a complex three dimensional structure, a mixer, an injection molding machine, and a furnace system. A slurry comprising a powder and a binder is introduced into the disposable mold, the binder is cured, the disposable mold is removed, and the binder is removed, leaving an intact cured structure. The cured structure is sintered to fabricate the complex three dimensional part.

Abstract: The invention relates to pulverulent core/shell polymers for the preparation of a plastisol, which have surprisingly low water absorption. The invention further relates to the plastisol pastes which are prepared from these polymers and likewise have low water absorption and additionally possess good storage stability, good mechanical properties and good plasticizer compatibility. The core/shell polymers consist of latex particles having a primary particle size of at least 250 nm, the core consisting of methyl methacrylate, (meth)acrylic esters with C2 to C8 or aromatic alcohol radicals and optionally further monomers, and the shells(s) comprising, in addition to these components, also amides of (meth)acrylic acid and/or amine-substituted alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a controllable polymeric surface coating including a macromolecule, which is covalently bound to the surface of a substrate, the macromolecule including a plurality of polymerization initiators and a plurality of surface binding groups. Pendant polymers may be grafted from at least some of the polymerization initiators.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a an inverse latex including from 20% to 70% by weight and preferably from 25% to 50% by weight of a branched or crosslinked polyelectrolyte, characterized in that the polyelectrolyte is a copolymer of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid partially or totally salified with acrylamide and optionally one or more monomers chosen from monomers containing a partially or totally salified weak acid function and/or from neutral monomers other than acrylamide, the production process including the control of the pH in the initial aqueous phase; Cosmetic, dermopharmaceutical or pharmaceutical composition including the inverse latex directly obtained by the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydrothermal hybrid material, in particular coal-like hybrid material from biomass. The process involves the heating of a reaction mixture comprising water, biomass and a copolymerizable compound, wherein the copolymerizable compound is added when preparing the reaction mixture, in a variant of the process, the biomass is converted to activated biomass in a first step, and the copolymerization of the activated biomass and a copolymerizable compound to give the hydrothermal, preferably coal-like, hybrid material is started by adding a polymerization initiator. The invention also relates to the hydrothermal hybrid materials obtainable by the processes as such, e.g. to aqueous dispersions thereof. By incorporating copolymerizable compounds, e.g. petrochemical compounds in the structure of the hydrothermal hybrid materials, the physical properties of the materials and the preparation process thereof can be controlled.

Abstract: A black ink composition is provided which suppresses change in hue and can form an image with superior blocking resistance and scratch resistance. The black ink composition for ink jet recording includes a carbon black pigment; at least any one type of colorant pigment which is selected from a magenta pigment and a cyan pigment; a water-soluble polymerizable compound; a polymerization initiator; and water, wherein the average primary particle diameter of the carbon black pigment is 20 nm or more and less than 35 nm, the content ratio of the carbon black pigment with regard to the total mass of all of the pigments is 70 mass % or less, and the total mass of all of the pigments with regard to the total mass of the black ink composition is 4 mass % or less.

Abstract: [Problem to be Solved] The present invention provides a water gel in the form of, for example, flakes with which the defects, such as malodor, discoloration, and hydration, associated with conventional water gels have been eliminated. [Solution] The water gel 1 according to the present invention is provided by using, as raw materials, an alkaline solution, and a monomer, such as acrylic acid, acrylate, or acrylamide, which is added to the alkaline solution, the content of the monomer being approx. 10% to 20%; making a pH-value adjustment; adding a crosslinking agent, a photoprimer and a photosensitizer; and making a UV photo-curing treatment at a wavelength of 320 nm to 400 nm for photocrosslinking the monomer to produce a water gel in the form of, for example, flakes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a controllable polymeric surface coating including a macromolecule, which is covalently bound to the surface of a substrate, the macromolecule including a plurality of polymerization initiators and a plurality of surface binding groups; and pendant polymers grafted from at least some of the polymerization initiators.

Abstract: Oligoesters including residues of alk(en)yl succinic anhydrides and polyols having at least 3 OH groups, optionally further esterified with fatty acid residues are surfactants which can be used for emulsifiers or similar uses. The surfactants are usually made from C8 to C30 alk(en)yl succinic anhydride and polyols having at least 4 hydroxyl groups and are particularly of the formula (I): R1—[OR2O(O)C.C(HR3).(HR4)C.C(O)]m—R5 (I), where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and m have defined meanings. The surfactants are useful as emulsifiers, particularly oil in water emulsifiers.

Abstract: “The invention provides an ink composition including a polymerizable compound represented by following Formula (1), a polymerization initiator and water: X?A)n ??Formula (1) wherein, in Formula (1), X represents a divalent or trivalent nitrogen-containing linking group represented by any one of following Formulae (X1) to (X3), A represents a polymerizable functional group having an amide group, and n represents 2 or 3: wherein, in Formulae (X1) to (X3), Z represents an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or a divalent linking group including an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms and an oxygen atom; and R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An ink composition includes a colorant particle, a water-soluble polymerizable compound having an acrylamide structure in a molecule thereof, colloidal silica, and water.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink composition including: a pigment, a water-soluble polymerizable compound (A) having an acrylamide structure in a molecule thereof, a water-soluble solvent (B), and water, in which a mass ratio of the polymerizable compound (A) and the water-soluble solvent (B) satisfies 1/10?B/A?2/3.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising an anionic water-soluble dispersion polymer comprising in polymerized form a monomer mixture comprising (i) one or more anionic monomers, (ii) a first non-ionic vinyl monomer which is acrylamide, and (iii) at least one second non-ionic vinyl monomer; a water-soluble salt and a stabilizer, wherein the water soluble salt is present in an amount of at least 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the dispersion. The invention further relates to a process for producing the aqueous polymer dispersion, use of the aqueous polymer dispersion as a flocculating agent in papermaking or for water purification, and a process for producing paper which comprises adding one or more drainage and retention aids comprising the aqueous polymer dispersion to an aqueous suspension containing cellulosic fibres and then dewatering the obtained suspension.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of water-soluble or water-swellable polymers having a low content of residual monomers, particularly on the basis of acrylic acid and/or acrylamide and at least one additional water-soluble comonomer, in which process a monomer solution in a polymerizing state is treated with electromagnetic radiation at the earliest after reaching the maximum temperature of polymerization, and the gel obtained is subsequently crushed and dried, and it also relates to the water-soluble or water-swellable polymers as such, which can be obtained according to said process, to their use in the hygiene industry, packaging industry, in the agrarian technology or in agriculture and horticulture, in the cable industry and information technology, in the food industry, papermaking industry, and to their use as flocculation aids and as drilling fluid in petroleum production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydrothermal hybrid material, in particular coal-like hybrid material from biomass. The process involves the heating of a reaction mixture comprising water, biomass and a copolymerizable compound, wherein the copolymerizable compound is added when preparing the reaction mixture, in a variant of the process, the biomass is converted to activated biomass in a first step, and the copolymerization of the activated biomass and a copolymerizable compound to give the hydrothermal, preferably coal-like, hybrid material is started by adding a polymerization initiator. The invention also relates to the hydrothermal hybrid materials obtainable by the processes as such, e.g. to aqueous dispersions thereof. By incorporating copolymerizable compounds, e.g. petrochemical compounds in the structure of the hydrothermal hybrid materials, the physical properties of the materials and the preparation process thereof can be controlled.

Abstract: The present application provides novel nitrile rubbers comprising repeating units of at least one ?,?-unsaturated nitrile, at least one conjugated diene and optionally one or more further copolymerizable monomers which nitrile rubbers are distinguished by a specific calcium content as well as a specific chlorine content and dispose of specific thio end groups. Additionally, an improved polymerization and work-up process is provided to produce the aforementioned nitrile rubbers.

Abstract: Oligoesters including residues of alk(en)yl succinic anhydrides and polyols having at least 3 OH groups, optionally further esterified with fatty acid residues are surfactants which can be used for emulsifiers or similar uses. The surfactants are usually made from C8 to C30 alk(en)yl succinic anhydride and polyols having at least 4 hydroxyl groups and are particularly of the formula (I): R1—[OR2O(O)C.C(HR3).(HR4)C.C(O)]m—R5 (I), where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and m have defined meanings. The surfactants are useful as emulsifiers, particuarly oil in water emulsifiers.

Abstract: An aqueous composition that includes (A) a butadiene polymer latex that is prepared by an emulsion polymerization in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer and (B) a phenolic resin. A preferred aqueous butadiene polymer latex is one that is prepared by emulsion polymerization of at least 60 weight percent dichlorobutadiene monomer (based on the amount of total monomers used to form the butadiene polymer), in the presence of a styrene sulfonate stabilizer.

Abstract: A monomer with a chromophore group represented by Formula (I): wherein AR1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group; AR2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group; and R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, with the proviso that one of R, AR1, and AR2 has a substituent with a polymerizable functional group. The monomer can be advantageously used to prepare polymeric dispersants for pigment dispersion, especially inkjet inks.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for tailoring theology of an aqueous or water-borne coating composition using a system comprising an amount of a first hydrophobically modified polymer comprising a polymer backbone modified with a first hydrophobe and an amount of a second hydrophobically modified polymer comprising the first hydrophobically modified polymer further modified with a second hydrophobe. By incorporating a system comprising at least two hydrophobically modified polymers into water-borne coatings where the amount of all of the hydrophobically modified polymers are able to be independently adjusted, the resultant coatings may be tailored to attain a desired combination of Stormer or Brookfield viscosity and ICI viscosity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fibrous substrate made of chemically bonded fibers, where the fibers are bound with a polymeric binder in an amount which is sufficient to bind the fibers together to form a self-sustaining web, and where the binder is characterized as having a wet tensile strength of greater than 4500 grams per inch (g/in) when measured at a 20 percent add-on on Whatman #4 CHR chromatography paper which is drum dried for 90 seconds at 210 to 215° F. and cured for 2 minutes at 300 to 325° F. Preferably the level of free formaldehyde in the fibrous substrate is less than 15 ppm. The emulsion binders of the invention may be used to bind fibers together in a substrate; may be used to bind pigment, colors or other substances to a substrate; may be used as a backing material; or may be used to finish or surface-treat a substrate.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising an aqueous polymer dispersion prepared by emulsion polymerization, wherein the polymer comprises monomers containing a hydroxyl group or primary amino group (referred to below collectively for short as hydrophilic monomers) and the polymer is obtainable by supplying more than 70% by weight of the hydrophilic monomers only when the polymerization mixture (mixture present in the polymerization vessel and composed of monomers and polymer already formed) already comprises more than 50% by weight of the total amount of monomers.

Abstract: A color-stable superabsorbent polymer having long-term color stability, and methods of manufacturing the polymer, are disclosed. The color-stable superabsorbent polymer is prepared in the essential absence of a persulfate, and is subjected to a low dose of ultraviolet radiation. The resulting superabsorbent polymer resists color degradation during periods of extended storage, even at an elevated temperature and humidity.

Abstract: Process for preparing an aqueous copolymer dispersion, with specific crosslinker metering.

Abstract: Device for dispersing a water-soluble polymer comprising: a chamber for grinding and draining of the dispersed polymer comprising a rotor and a stator, and on all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring fed by a secondary water circuit. The ring communicates with the chamber for spraying of pressurised water on the blades of the stator. A method implementing the device is also provided.

Abstract: A color-stable superabsorbent polymer having long-term color stability, and methods of manufacturing the polymer, are disclosed. The superabsorbent polymer is prepared using a sulfinic acid derivative, like 2-hydroxy-2-sulfinatoacetic acid, a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof, as the reducing agent in a polymerization initiator system for the preparation of a superabsorbent polymer from monomers. The resulting superabsorbent polymer resists color degradation during periods of extended storage, even at an elevated temperature and humidity.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose material having an application of superabsorbent polymer adhered to the cellulose material. In particular, the cellulose material has an application of pre-superabsorbent polymer adhered to the material, wherein an aqueous solution of pre-superabsorbent polymer is applied to the cellulose material and converted to superabsorbent polymer upon subjected to heat for a sufficient time. The absorbent cellulose material has a fluid retention of greater then 2 g/g.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition having a binder including an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles, the polymer including, as polymerized units, (a) from 0 to 1 wt. % monoethylenically unsaturated acid monomer, based on polymer weight; and (b) monomer of the formula CH2?C(R1)—CON(R2)(R3) wherein R1?H, CH3 or C2H5 and R2 and R3 are independently selected from C1-C6 saturated alkyl and cycloalkyl groups; and wherein the total of (a) and (b) is at least 0.1 wt % monomer based on the polymer weight. The binder may be a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylamide. An inkjet ink composition including the inkjet ink binder, a colorant, and a liquid medium is also provided.

Abstract: Dispersion concentrates are claimed which consist of: I) 10-80% by weight of a crosslinked copolymer obtained by polymerization of 1 to 50% by weight of a cyclic N-vinylcarboxamide and 49.99 to 98.99 by weight of acryloyldimethyltauric acid, II) 20-90% by weight of a phase selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier, an oil phase, and mixtures thereof, and III) up to 30% weight water based on the total weight of the stable dispersion concentrate. The stable dispersion concentrate is useful in preparing cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and dermatological compositions.

Abstract: A process of preparing water soluble or water swellable polymer comprising the steps, (a) forming an aqueous mixture comprising, (i) a water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or blend of monomers and, (ii) an ultra violet initiator, (b) effecting polymerisation by subjecting the aqueous mixture formed in step (a) to polymerisation conditions to form a polymer of said monomer or monomer blend, (c) subjecting the polymer formed in step (b) to ultra violet light radiation, characterised in that the polymerisation step (b) is conducted substantially in the absence of ultra violet radiation. In one preferred aspect the ultra violet initiator is distributed throughout the polymer formed in step (b). In another preferred aspect the step (c) is conducted ultra violet light at an intensity of up to 500 milli Watts/cm2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aqueous polymer dispersion comprising: preparing a dispersant co-polymer of a monomer mixture (M) by polymerising the monomer mixture (M) in a reaction medium which is substantially free from organic solvents and/or substantially free from monomers which are not soluble in water, the monomer mixture (M) comprises at least one cationic vinyl monomer (m3) and at least one monomer (m4) which is tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, or a monomer of the general formula (I): wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl, R3 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl, n=1 to 4, and x=1 to 50, and then, polymerising one or more water-soluble monomers (m) in an aqueous solution of a salt in the presence of the obtained dispersant polymer. The invention also relates to an aqueous polymer dispersion, use of the dispersion and a process for the production of paper.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous resin composition and its uses, wherein the aqueous resin composition combines the blocking resistance and the frost damage resistance and thereby can secure the durability over a long period of time even under circumstances where a severe temperature cycle is present. As a means of achieving this object, the aqueous resin composition according to the present invention is an aqueous resin composition comprising an acrylic resin emulsion and a crosslinking agent as essential components, with the aqueous resin composition being characterized in that, when a coating film is formed from the aqueous resin composition, the formed coating film exhibits an elongation ratio (E (%)) that satisfies a specific relational expression along with the glass transition temperature (TgT (° C.)) of the acrylic resin in the emulsion.

Abstract: This invention relates to copolymer compositions having pigment like properties, comprising a fluorescent or non-fluorescent dye attached to a polymer chain by a spacer having a chain length of C3 or longer. The invention also provides for new mono- and difunctional dye monomers comprising a polymerizable group attached to a dye moiety by a spacer of a chain length of C3 or longer. The polymer pigments provide excellent properties, especially high temperature stability and easy applicability as colorant in different standard polymers.

Abstract: A composition and method for a linear or crosslinked cationic polyelectrolyte, involving copolymerization of at least one cationic monomer with at least one neutral monomer and at least one nonionic surfactant monomer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogel which is superior in homogeneity, transparency, mechanical properties, and in swelling and shrinking properties, a manufacturing method therefor, and a dry body of the organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogel which is obtained by removing water from said hydrogel. The organic/inorganic hybrid hydrogel comprises a water soluble polymer (A), a water swelling clay mineral (B) which can be homogeneously dispersed in water, and water (C), and water (C) is included in a three-dimensional network formed by (A) and (B).

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers having reduced levels of residual monomer are produced using a peroxodisulfate salt.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose material having an application of superabsorbent polymer adhered to the cellulose material. In particular, the cellulose material has an application of pre-superabsorbent polymer adhered to the material, wherein an aqueous solution of pre-superabsorbent polymer is applied to the cellulose material and converted to superabsorbent polymer upon subjected to heat for a sufficient time. The absorbent cellulose material has a fluid retention of greater then 2g/g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the production of a water soluble polymer dispersion from vinylamide monomers, and, more particularly, polymers formed from N-vinylformamide monomers.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of high molecular weight cationic poly(meth) acrylamide/quaternary ammonium salt copolymers are disclosed wherein after at least about 50% of the monomers have been polymerized, a cross-linking agent is then added to the reaction mixture on a continuous basis and in the absence of any feed of chain transfer agent. Cationic copolymers so produced exhibit improved floc formation properties and are useful as flocculants and dewatering aids in aqueous systems that include an oily sludge or the like.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of high molecular weight cationic poly(meth) acrylamide/quaternary ammonium salt copolymers are disclosed wherein after at least about 50% of the monomers have been polymerized, a cross-linking agent is then added to the reaction mixture on a continuous basis and in the absence of any feed of chain transfer agent. Cationic copolymers so produced exhibit improved floc formation properties and are useful as flocculants and dewatering aids in aqueous systems that include an oily sludge or the like.

Abstract: The present invention is to offer a rubber material composition excellent in an abrasion resistance and less to cause heat by friction, and is suitably used to sealing members of rolling devices to be used with grease lubrication under severe circumstances allowing water or dusts to much exist. The rubber material composition is fabricated with carboxylated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.

Abstract: A cross-linked acrylic polymer that is highly biocompatible is prepared from a water-soluble acrylic monomer by preparing an aqueous polymerization solution containing an acrylamide monomer and a catalyzing agent; polymerizing the monomer present in the polymerization solution by agitating and heating the polymerization solution. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of gaseous oxygen.

Abstract: A hydrophobe-containing alkali soluble or swellable copolymer thickener comprising an emulsion polymerization product of (A) an ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable surfactant monomer having a cloud point of from about 65° C. to about 95° C., wherein the surfactant monomer has the formula M(EO)x(BO)zOR1 wherein M is a residue selected from the group consisting of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, EO is an ethylene oxide unit; BO is a butylene oxide unit; x is from 10 to 45; z is from 5 to 35; provided that x+z is from 20 to 45; and R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylene, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylene, and arylalkyl group wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (B) an &agr;,&bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer; and (C) a nonionic &agr;,&bgr;-ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a starch-based polymer dispersion, which contains a copolymer of starch with monomers. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of said dispersion and its use as a surface sizing additive for paper and as a wet- and dry-strengthener for paper which is added to the wet end of the paper machine.

Abstract: A process for making crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-P) is disclosed. Crosslinker generation, followed by polymerization of NVP, gives a polymer containing up to 4 wt. % of residual NVP. An aqueous mixture of the polymer is then heated in the presence of a protic acid at pH<4 to eliminate NVP. Finally, the PVP-P is neutralized with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide. The process generates a reduced volume of low-toxicity aqueous waste (<20 L/kg PVP-P) and gives PVP-P that meets important product specifications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a copolymer latex capable of remarkably improving the bond strength of coated paper, excelling in coated paper properties such as print gloss, and excelling in coating operability such as redispersibility, mechanical stability, and anti-stick properties, a process for producing the copolymer latex, and a paper coating composition. In the copolymer latex of the present invention, the content of components detected before an elution time at which a component having a polystyrene-reduced molecular weight of 1,000,000 is detected in a molecular-weight distribution measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is 31% or more, the weight average molecular weight of components detected after the elution time at which the component having a polystyrene-reduced molecular weight of 1,000,000 is detected is 30,000-400,000, and the toluene insoluble content is 31 wt % or more.