Abstract: Composition comprising at least one vinyl halide polymer and 0.1 to 5% by weight, relative to the weight of the vinyl halide polymer, of at least one polymer of at least one acrylic ester obtained by polymerization in solution in a liquid medium comprising at least one chain transfer agent chosen among the C3-C20 hydrocarbons containing at least one secondary alcohol function. Process for its manufacture, article obtained starting from this composition and use of this composition for manufacturing sheets and films via calendaring or for manufacturing profiles by extrusion. Process for the manufacture of a polymer of at least one acrylic ester which can be used in the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a solid comprising at least one organosilane and a carrier material to hydrophobise mortars, wherein the organosilane has the formula R1Si(OR?)3 or R1R2Si(OR?)2 wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are a linear or branched C1- to C4-alkyl and/or alkenyl group, OR? is an acetoxy, a C1- to C4-alkoxy and/or a C2- to C6-methoxyalkoxy and/or ethoxyalkoxy group, and the carrier material is a solid at room temperature. The amount of cement in the final formulation is zero or less than 5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the final formulation in the dry and uncured form. Claimed are also a powder comprising the silane and a carrier with the carrier being a water-soluble polymer, dry mortar formulations containing no or less than 5 wt.-% cement, based on the dry weight of the uncured mortar formulation, as well as processes to manufacture the formulations and/or compounds.

Abstract: A modified natural rubber particle having carbon-carbon double bonds assigned to multifunctional vinyl monomers graft-copolymerized onto the surface of the modified natural rubber particle, which is prepared by graft-copolymerization of multifunctional vinyl monomers having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds onto natural rubber particles or deproteinized natural rubber particles. One of the methods for producing a modified natural rubber particle includes the steps of: forming inclusion complex of the multifunctional vinyl monomers having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds with a guest-protecting agent to protect at least one of the double bonds of the multifunctional vinyl monomers; graft-copolymerizing the resulting inclusion complex onto natural rubber particles or deproteinized natural rubber particles; and deprotecting the protected double bonds by removing the guest-protecting agent from the obtained graft-copolymer.

Abstract: What is described is a reactive extrusion process of making a polymeric hydrogel of a polymeric anhydride or acid, e.g. maleic anhydride or maleic acid polymer, or copolymer thereof, crosslinked with a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 crosslinkable groups, particularly, —OH or —NH2, or both. The reaction product is a crosslinked polymeric ester or amide/imide, or both, suitably having a mole ratio of —OH, or —NH2, to —COOH, of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 2:10 to 7:1. The hydrogel is particularly swellable in water, e.g. >100% in 1 hour in aqueous media; and forms a thin, tacky layer on a substrate, which property is useful in bioadhesive products.

Abstract: What is described is a reactive extrusion process of making a polymeric hydrogel of a polymeric anhydride or acid, e.g. maleic anhydride or maleic acid polymer, or copolymer thereof, crosslinked with a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 crosslinkable groups, particularly, —OH or —NH2, or both. The reaction product is a crosslinked polymeric ester or amide/imide, or both, suitably having a mole ratio of —OH, or —NH2, to —COOH, of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 2:10 to 7:1. The hydrogel is particularly swellable in water, e.g. >100% in 1 hour in aqueous media; and forms a thin, tacky layer on a substrate, which property is useful in bioadhesive products.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a copolymer and a copolymer product of the method. The copolymer is prepared by a controlled radical polymerization process, typically an atom transfer radical polymerization process, in which polymerizable alkene monomers are polymerized in the presence of a halogenated polyolefin macroinitiator. The copolymer product of this process is useful in a film-forming composition that adheres strongly to polyolefinic substrates and to which non-polyolefinic film-forming compositions strongly adhere. The copolymer can be applied to a substrate in an adhesion-promoting layer or can be incorporated into a film-forming composition, such as a primer, that contains additional resinous compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing a copolymer and a copolymer product of the method. The copolymer is prepared by a controlled radical polymerization process, typically an atom transfer radical polymerization process, in which polymerizable alkene monomers are polymerized in the presence of a halogenated polyolefin macroinitiator. The copolymer product of this process is useful in a film-forming composition that adheres strongly to polyolefinic substrates and to which non-polyolefinic film-forming compositions strongly adhere. The copolymer can be applied to a substrate in an adhesion-promoting layer or can be incorporated into a film-forming composition, such as a primer, that contains additional resinous compounds.

Abstract: What is described is a polymeric hydrogel of a polymeric anhydride or acid, e.g. maleic anhydride or maleic acid polymer, or copolymer thereof, crosslinked with a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 crosslinkable groups, particularly, —OH or —NH2, or both. The reaction product is a crosslinked polymeric ester or amide/imide, or both, suitably having a mole ratio of —OH, or —NH2, to —COOH, of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 2:10 to 7:1. The hydrogel is particularly swellable in water, e.g. >100% in 1 hour in aqueous media; and forms a thin, tacky layer on a substrate, which property is useful in bioadhesive products.

Abstract: What is described is a polymeric hydrogel of a polymeric anhydride or acid, e.g. maleic anhydride or maleic acid polymer, or copolymer thereof, crosslinked with a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 crosslinkable groups, particularly, —OH or —NH2, or both. The reaction product is a crosslinked polymeric ester or amide/imide, or both, suitably having a mole ratio of —OH, or —NH2, to —COOH, of 1:10 to 10:1, preferably 2:10 to 7:1. The hydrogel is particularly swellable in water, e.g. >100% in 1 hour in aqueous media; and forms a thin, tacky layer on a substrate, which property is useful in bioadhesive products.

Abstract: Certain mixtures of two superabsorbent powders having very different capillary suctions exhibit a resulting capillary suction which approaches the higher value. The resulting mixtures simultaneously exhibit a high capillary suction and a high intrinsic absorption capacity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of graft rubber polymers of the ABS type by emulsion polymerization according to the so-called fed batch process, in which latexes having markedly reduced residual monomer contents are obtained, and to compositions containing the mentioned graft rubber polymers.

Abstract: Methods for preparing uniformly sized polymer particles comprised of multi-functional monomers such as poly(1,4-butanediol diacrylate) and poly(1,6-hexanediol diacrylate) are disclosed. The particles are of a size, uniformity, and contain physical characteristics that make them ideally suitable for use as spacers in liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: A process for making clusters of individual polymer beads bonded together to minimize attritition in use or processing but characterized by an open structure for fast absorption of aqueous solutions comprises suspending a monomer mixture in a continuous phase at high shear agitation such that fine droplets of monomer are formed in an inert organic phase. A suspending agent which prevents the clusters from coalescing is provided. A first polyethylenically unsaturated crosslinking monomer, having substantial solubility in the aqueous phase, and an organic phase soluble initiator system are provided such that polymerization at the surface of the polymer particles occurs to form the porous clusters of the invention, A second substantially oil soluble crosslinker is optionally provided to further crosslink the clusters such that they do not coalesce.

Abstract: A method of preparing a water-soluble resin, which comprises the steps of: subjecting an aqueous solution of a first water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer to a first-stage water-in-oil type of reverse-phase suspension polymerization using a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator in a hydrophobic organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifier and optionally a crosslinking agent, thereby forming a slurry containing hydrous polymer gel particles; adding to said slurry a nonionic or anionic surface active agent having an HLB of at least 7 and higher than that of said emulsifier and an aqueous solution of a second water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer so as to absorb the aqueous solution of the second monomer in said hydrous polymer gel particles; and carrying out a second-stage polymerization of said second monomer.

Abstract: Fluorinated thermoplastic elastomers comprising monomeric units deriving from a bis-olefin having general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, equal or different from each other, are H or alkyls C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 ; Z is an alkylene or cycloalkylene radical C.sub.1 -C.sub.18, linear or branched, optionally containing oxygen atoms, preferably at least partially fluorinated, or a (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene radical.

Abstract: A process for preparing a rubber modified thermoplastic resin, in which a latex in aqueous emulsion is prepared in the presence of an ionic surfactant; a vinyl monomer insoluble or substantially insoluble in water is added, and the particles of the latex are transferred to the monomer to form an organic phase using a transfer agent of opposite charge to the surfactant; and a polymerization of the organic phase is performed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a finely divided vinyl chloride graft copolymer and to the use of this product as a viscosity-reducing agent for plastisols.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyolefine--vinyl polymer composite, wherein about 10-200 parts by weight of vinyl monomer and about 0.01-4.0 parts by weight of a free radical polymerization initiator, based on 100 parts by weight of vinyl monomer, are impregnated in 100 parts of weight of polyolefine particles by slowly mixing these at a temperature of about 20.degree.-130.degree. C. while maintaining the particle structure of the polyolefine. After 50-99% of the amount of the monomer has been absorbed into the polyolefine particles, a water suspension is prepared by adding to the above-mentioned mixture about 80-1000 parts by weight water, based on 100 parts of weight of polyolefine+vinyl monomer, as well as a stabilizing agent. The temperature of the water suspension is then increased for polymerizing the vinyl monomer.

Abstract: Butadiene is polymerized alone or with a monomer such as styrene in a dispersion in propane, butane or its mixtures with minor amounts of other C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 alkanes, e.g., n-pentane and a dispersant which is preferably a hydrogenated styrene/ conjugated diene block copolymer to achieve stable dispersions at higher solids and butadiene levels possible with similar alkane dispersants.

Abstract: A dispersion of reactive polymer particles obtained by polymerization of monomer in an organic liquid which dissolves the monomer but does not dissolve a polymer formed from the monomer, in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer composed of a high molecular weight polymer; characterized in that (i) said dispersion stabilizer is a high molecular weight polymer which is obtained by polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and soluble in the above organic liquid and which contains a chemically reactive group (A); that (ii) said polymer particles are particles of a high molecular weight polymer which are obtained by polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and contain a complementary chemically reactive group (B) capable of mutually reacting with the chemically reactive group (A); and that (iii) the chemically reactive group (A) and the chemically reactive group (B) are present stably in the dispersion.

Abstract: A process for preparing a rubber modified thermoplastic resin, in which a latex in aqueous emulsion is prepared in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant; a vinyl monomer insoluble or substantially insoluble water is added, and the particles of the latex are transferred to the monomer to form an organic phase using a polymer or copolymer based on carboxylic acid units capable of forming an interpolymeric complex with the non-ionic surfactant; and a suspension or bulk polymerization of the organic phase is performed.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for a biodegradable, blendable plastic having improved tensile strength. It consists of starch, oxidized polyethylene, and polyethylene. The starch is included in an amount up to 50% by weight, the oxidized polyethylene up to 15% by weight, and the remaining amount is polyethylene. It is preferred that high molecular weight oxidized polyethylene be used and in the method of producing the composition, it is preferred that the blending of the components occur at a temperature range of 110.degree. C. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Butadiene is polymerized alone or with a monomer such as styrene in a dispersion in propane, butane or its mixtures with minor amounts of other C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 alkanes, e.g., n-pentane and a dispersant which is preferably a styrene/hydrogenated isoprene block copolymer to achieve stable dispersions at higher solids and butadiene levels possible with similar alkane dispersants.

Abstract: A process for preparing a rubber modified thermoplastic resin, in which a latex in aqueous emulsion is prepared in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant; a vinyl monomer insoluble or substantially insoluble water is added, and the particles of the latex are transferred to the monomer to form an organic phase using a polymer or copolymer based on carboxylic acid units capable of forming an interpolymeric complex with the non-ionic surfactant; and a suspension or bulk polymerization of the organic phase is performed.

Abstract: High molecular weight linear block copolymers containing 5 or more alternating blocks of (A) polymerized styrene or alkyl substituted styrene units, and (B) polymerized conjugated diene units, terminated by (A) units, are prepared by anionic dispersion polymerization to give clear polymers having excellent physical properties.

Abstract: During the reaction of grafting of styrene and acrylonitrile to polybutadiene, the conversion of the graft monomers is increased from the values of 92.div.94% usually obtained, to values very close to 98%, by carrying out a redox-type reaction additional to that provided by the process, in the presence of an additional aliquot of acrylonitrile and of catalytic system.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride is produced by suspension polymerization in the presence of two suspension agents, namely(a) 10-90% by weight, based on the mixture, of a carbohydrate ester of a carbohydrate having the following formula ##STR1## wherein n is a number of 0 to 99 andR is the residue of a di- to hexahydric aliphatic, linear or branched alcohol of 2-12 carbon atoms, and a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched carboxylic acid of 6-24 carbon atoms, as well as of90-10% by weight, based on the suspension agent mixture, of a specific cellulose ether or a specific partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol.The resultant polyvinyl chloride exhibits simultaneously the desired properties of very low gel number besides high porosity and high powder density.

Abstract: A pourable polyvinyl chloride having an acrylate content of at least 30 percent by weight, is formed through a process wherein the emulsion polymerization of an acrylic acid ester forming soft polymers is conducted together with a diene crosslinking agent(a) in the presence of a fatty acid soap, or(b) by the batchwise or continuous addition of the monomer, pre-emulsified with an aqueous alkali lauryl sulfate solution, during polymerization, and by the addition of a fatty acid soap after polymerization, and the vinyl chloride polymerization is performed in the presence of a methylcellulose ether as the suspension agent; wherein, after addition of the suspension agent, a Ca(OH).sub.2 suspension is added, the polymerization charge is neutralized by addition of an acid, and then an organic peroxide is added as the initiator in a dissolved or suspended form. The polymerization can also take place without acid addition, by utilizing azo-type catalysts.

Abstract: A process for producing a resin composition which comprises suspension-polymerizing at least one vinyl monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a dispersing agent, said suspension polymerization being carried out using a nonionic dispersant as said dispersing agent in the presence of a high-molecular-weight vinyl polymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 500,000 obtained by emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for graft-copolymerizing vinyl chloride monomer to a polyfluorine resin to produce resins of improved physical properties and processability parameters. The vinyl chloride monomer and polyfluorine resin are first treated in a highly alkaline medium and at a high temperature, and the mixture is stirred. Suspension agent(s), water and an initiator are added to the mixture after the temperature thereof has been lowered. The resultant mixture which has been stirred and homogenized is heated to a temperature at which polymerization is completed. Thereafter the mixture is neutralized, washed, and dried. A product having improved impact strength and resistance to heat and abrasion results.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymer resins by polymerization of at least one ethylenic monomer onto at least one rubbery polymer optionally grafted with at least one ethylenic monomer which comprises initiating the polymerization in an emulsion system, adding a suspension stabilizer to the polymerization system at the stage after the conversion of the ethylenic monomer to be polymerized reaches 5% by weight and before the emulsion system is broken and then continuing the polymerization in a suspension system until completion of the polymerization. By the process, polymer resins can be produced in particles having a beautiful appearance and an even particle size with a narrow range of particle size distribution.