Abstract: An electroluminescent cell which exhibits a high luminous efficiency and excellent durability is provided. The electroluminescent material comprises a unit (AB) which is formed by alternate copolymerization of hole transfer monomers and electron transfer monomers, and a unit (A) which is formed by the polymerization of hole transfer monomers, wherein the molar ratio of the total of the structural units originating from the hole transfer monomers and the structural units originating from the electron transfer monomers in the unit (AB) and the structural units originating from the hole transfer monomers in the unit (A) is from 50:50 to 5:95. The electroluminescent cell has an anode layer 2, an electroluminescent material layer 3 made from the electroluminescent material, an electron transfer luminous layer 4, and a cathode layer 5.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of branched graft polymers comprises acylating a first polymer and grafting thereto a second polymer, the second polymer having reactive groups capable of being bound to the acyl groups on the first polymer. The acylation and grafting steps can be repeated to produce graft polymers having a dendritic architecture. The invention also provides polymers produced by the above process, which may be simple branched (comb) polymers, or dendritic polymers.

Abstract: A functional block copolymer useful as a compatibilizing agent for a blend of a condensation polymer and vinyl polymer comprises segments of a condensation polymer and a vinyl polymer derived from a reactive functional group-containing monomer or a functions-imparting monomer such as ultraviolet absorption or flame retardant functions. The block copolymer can further include a segment of a lower cohesive energy polymer. The condensation or vinyl polymer segment, or the lower cohesive energy polymer segment contains azo or peroxide groups which act as a polymerization initiator for the copolymerization of the vinyl monomer forming the vinyl polymer segment.

Abstract: Block copolymers are disclosed having at least one polymer segment characterized by a high degree of control over molecular weight, particle size, polydispersity and polymer composition and architecture. The block copolymers feature at least on polymer segment produced using a controlled free radical polymerization process in an emulsion. Additional polymer segments can be generated using the controlled free radical emulsion process or any other polymerization process. The block copolymers include polymers having unique structure, such as stars, grafts, telechelics and macromonomers. Block copolymers having hard/soft and amphiphilic characteristics are also disclosed. The block copolymers may also include adducts with nitroxide control agents capable of free radical re-initiation.

Abstract: Activation of ruthenium based catalyst compounds with acid to improve reaction rates and yields of olefin metathesis reactions, including ROMP, RCM, ADMET and cross-metathesis reactions is disclosed. The ruthenium catalyst compounds are ruthenium carbene complexes of the general formula AxLyXzRu═CHR′ where x=0, 1 or 2, y=0, 1 or 2, and z=1 or 2 and where R′ is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, L is any neutral electron donor, X is any anionic ligand, and A is a ligand having a covalent structure connecting a neutral electron donor and an anionic ligand. The use of acid with these catalysts allows for reactions with a wide range of olefins in a variety of solvents, including acid-initiated RIM processes and living ROMP reactions of water-soluble monomers in water.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified, and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes and an aryl-substituted olefin. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel anionic polymerization amine initiators having a tertiary amine group pendant to the polymer chain and processes for making the same. The initiators can be useful in the preparation of tertiary amine containing polymers, including linear, homotelechelic, heterotelechelic and radial polymers.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. The polymers may be functionalized by grafting of heteroatom-containing olefins. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: Compositions comprising reaction product of higher molecular weight olefinic reactants with carboxylic reactants of the formula R.sup.3 C(O)(R.sup.4).sub.n C(O)OR.sup.5 (IV) or the corresponding acetals, hemiacetals, ketals, and hemiketals thereof are useful as intermediates for further reaction in the preparation of lubricating oil additives.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising:(a) from 0.01 to 10 percent by weight of a dispersant viscosity index improver linear diblock copolymer or a radial or star copolymer with each arm having an overall number average molecular weight of 7500 to 250,000 and comprising a block of a conjugated diene having a number average molecular weight of 5000 to 200,000 and a block of a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon having a number average molecular weight of 2500 to 100,000, and a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon content of 5 to 50 weight percent, wherein from 5 to 10 N-vinyl imidazole functional groups per molecule have been grafted onto the copolymer;(b) from 5 to 20 percent by weight of a dispersant inhibitor package containing 40 percent by weight less ashless dispersant than is required for use with a non-dispersant viscosity index improver; and(c) from 80 to 95 percent by weight of a base oil.

Abstract: The present invention is block copolymer of the formulas I and II(PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (I)X(PB).sub.y (PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (II)wherein PA is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and PB is a cationically polymerizable monomer that can be initiated with an alkyl halide or without catalysts, x is 4 to 500,000 and y is from 2 to 500,000 and X is a halogen atom. The present invention also provides a method for making a block copolymer of the formulas I and II(PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (I)X(PB).sub.y (PA).sub.x (PB).sub.y X (II)wherein PA is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and PB is a cationically polymerizable monomer that can be initiated with an alkyl halide, x is 4 to 500,000 and y is from 2 to 500,000 and X is a halogen atom. The reaction is initiated by an atom transfer radical polymerization of the PA monomer with an initiator to produce a polymer of the formulas (III) or (IV)(PA).sub.x X (III)X(PA).sub.x X (IV)wherein X is a halogen atom.

Abstract: Methods for preparing rigid-rod macromonomers having a polyaromatic backbone, solubilizing side groups, and reactive end groups are provided. Such methods include catalytic reductive coupling of substituted 1,4-dihaloaromatic compounds in the presence of an endcapping moiety.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer according to the invention includes a polymer molecule having the general formula AYLi where A is a cyclic amine-containing radical having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent alkylene, an oxy- or amino-alkylene, or substituted alkylene having from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a linear-, branched-, or cyclo-alkylene having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and Y is a divalent polymer radical and Li is a lithium atom bonded to a carbon atom of Y.

Abstract: Photocurable compositions and methods for making same are provided. The compositions comprise at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one photoinitiator, and at least one water dispersible ethylenically unsaturated rubber. The ethylenically unsaturated rubber is rendered water dispersible by reaction of olefinic functionality therein with a hydrophilic diene. The resulting water-dispersible ethylenically unsaturated rubber is then blended with one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers and one or more photoinitiators.

Abstract: Polyalkenylaromatic-polyethylene copolymers are prepared using protected functional organolithium initiators. Polymerization of an alkenylsubstituted aromatic monomer followed by ethylene, results in a protected functional block polystyrene-co-polyethylenyllithium. Termination with a functionalizing agent followed by deprotection produces polymeric products with high functionalization at the initiating chain-end and at least partial functionalization at the terminal chain-end.

Abstract: This invention relates to copolymers of molecular mass of between 5,000 and 300,000, consisting of a hydrophilic central portion, for example a polyacrylamide chain, and of hydrophobic ends the hydrophobicity of which is comparable with that of alkyl groups containing 4-20 carbons. They are produced by polymerization of hydrophilic monomers with the aid of initiators, for example of azo type, the hydrophobic residues of which will constitute the hydrophobic ends of the final copolymer.These copolymers are useful for rheological control of aqueous and/or pigmented compositions, like paints.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer according to the invention includes a polymer molecule having the general formula AYLi where A is a cyclic amine-containing radical having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent alkylene, an oxy- or amino-alkylene, or substituted alkylene having from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a linear-, branched-, or cyclo-alkylene having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and Y is a divalent polymer radical and Li is a lithium atom bonded to a carbon atom of Y.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer comprising a polymeric segment, having at least one cyclic amine end group, defined according to formula (I) ##STR1## where Z is an anionically-polymerized polymer; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of organic groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and a bridging bond; each R.sub.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organic groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, and a bridging bond; each R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and organic groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; a is an integer from 4 to about 16; and b is an integer from 0 to about 12; and optionally including a bridge, formed by the selection of two of said bridging bonds, the bridge having 0 to about 6 carbon atoms between the bridging ring members; said polymer having been crosslinked. Also provided are vulcanizable compositions of matter, vulcanizates, and tires of the functionalized polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates polysulfides of N-methylpyrrolidinone and to rubber compositions containing such polysulfides. Addition of the polysulfides to rubber improves the hysteresis, accelerates the cure rate and improves filler dispersion.

Abstract: Photolytically crosslinkable thermally stable compositions comprising at least one crosslinkable polymer and a crosslinkable quantity of a multifunctional 3,4-disubstituted maleimide. The compositions may be employed to prepare adhesives and photo printing mats.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compositions containing a pyrazine amide of the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Polyarylketones are made by electrophilic substitution using a dispersant for the polymer. The dispersant comprises a polymer having first pendent groups which are substantially compatible with the reaction mixture but are substantially incompatible with the polymer and second pendent groups which comprise Lewis bases. Preferred dispersants are copolymers of aliphatic vinyl compounds and N-vinyl pyrollidone, particularly of 1-eicosene (CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.17 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2) and N-vinyl pyrollidone in which the ratio of first groups to second groups is in the range 1.5:1 to 0.5:1, and more preferably is 1:1.

Abstract: Rigid-rod macromonomers, and methods for preparing such macromonomers, having a polyaromatic backbone, solubilizing side groups, and reactive end groups are provided. The macromonomers are chemically incorporated into polymer systems to provide stronger, stiffened polymers.

Abstract: The invention is a practical process for anionically synthesizing multiblock polymers containing a plurality of blocks formed from polar and/or non-polar monomers by using a cyclic organometallic compound initiator that comprises a divalent metal atom and an organic moiety contained in a ring, preferably a cycloorganomagnesium initiator. Activation of the ring metallic atom results in anionic polymerization of the monomers by addition into the initiator ring at the bonds between the metallic atom and its two adjacent carbon atoms, the metallic atom acting as a bridge between the two living ends of the propagating chain. The active chain ends can be coupled or terminated.

Abstract: The specification discloses a process for producing poly-branched polymer having relatively high molecular weight by forming a first set of branches by polymerizing monomers which are either protected against or are non-reactive to branching and grafting during polymerization, grafting that first set of branches to a core having a plurality of reactive sites capable of reacting with the reactive end units of said branches, either deprotecting or activating a plurality of monomeric units on each of said branches to create branch reactive sites, forming a second set of branches in the same manner as the first set of branches were formed, grafting the second set of branches to the first set of branches by reacting the reactive end units of the second set of branches with each said branch reactive site on said first set of branches and repeating the foregoing steps reiteratively to form and attach subsequent sets of branches to prior branch sets until a desired number of iterations has been effected.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer according to the invention includes a polymer molecule having the general formula AYLi where A is a cyclic amine-containing radical having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a divalent alkylene, an oxy- or amino-alkylene, or substituted alkylene having from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a linear-, branched-, or cyclo-alkylene having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and Y is a divalent polymer radical and Li is a lithium atom bonded to a carbon atom of Y.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer according to the invention includes a polymer molecule having the general formula AYLi where A is a cyclic amine-containing radical having the general formula ##STR1## R.sub.1 is a divalent alkylene, an oxy- or amino-alkylene, or substituted alkylene having from 6 to about 20 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a linear-, branched-, or cyclo-alkylene having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms; and Y is a divalent polymer radical and Li is a lithium atom bonded to a carbon atom of Y.

Abstract: An acrylate is polymerized by the photo-decomposition of ##STR1## to make a polymeric intermediate containing dithiocarbamate groups at both its ends, and a hard polymer-forming monomer is polymerized by the photo-decomposition of this dithiocarbamate group-containing polymeric intermediate to form blocks of a polymer of said hard polymer-forming monomer on both sides of said polymeric intermediate, thereby forming an ABA type block copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel copolymers and contact lenses made from these copolymers comprising preformed silicone-containing acrylic star polymers, graft copolymers and macromonomers, preparation of these contact lenses and a therapeutic method for treating patients with visual impairment.Described is a composition comprising at least about 10% by weight of a preformed silicone-containing acrylic copolymer and no more than about 90% by weight of a matrix formed from the random polymerization of a mixture of monomers. The mixture of monomers comprises at least one hydrophilic monomer and at least about 5% by weight of a polysiloxanylalkylester of an alpha, beta unsaturated acid and optionally, monomers selected from the group consisting of esters of alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and crosslinking monomers. The preformed silicone-containing acrylic copolymer is preferably copolymerized throughout the matrix. The final compositions are hydrated to a final water content of at least about 10% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel copolymers and contact lenses made from these copolymers comprising preformed silicone-containing acrylic star polymers, graft copolymers and macromonomers, preparation of these contact lenses and a therapeutic method for treating patients with visual impairment.Described is a composition comprising at least about 10% by weight of a preformed silicone-containing acrylic copolymer and no more than about 90% by weight of a matrix formed from the random polymerization of a mixture of monomers. The mixture of monomers comprises at least one hydrophilic monomer and optionally, monomers selected from the group consisting of silicone acrylates, esters of alpha, beta-unsaturated acids and crosslinking monomers. The preformed silicone-containing acrylic copolymer is preferably copolymerized throughout the matrix. The final compositions are hydrated to a final water content of at least about 10% by weight.

Abstract: This invention concerns a "living" free radical polymerization process for preparing polymers having a narrow distribution of molecular weights.

Abstract: Triblock copolymers containing a copolymer having a number-average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 300,000, a molecular weight polydispersity of from 1.05 to 2.0, and an A-B-C structure in which each of the blocks A and C may be a monomer sequence chosen from an acrylic, a vinylaromatic, a methacrylic or a maleimide monomer, and block B may be a monomer sequence chosen from an acrylic, a vinylaromatic or a methacrylic monomer, where at least one of the blocks A and C is different than block B.

Abstract: A thermoplastic elastomer composition superior in moldability and appearance, little in anisotropy of mechanical properties, especially, tensile strength and retaining low temperature impact strength, is obtained by previously melt-kneading an intermediate composition comprising (a) 100 parts by weight of a selectively hydrogenated block copolymer which has at least two mono-alkenyl or mono-alkenylidene aromatic hydrocarbon polymer blocks A having a number-average molecular weight of 25,000-35,000 and at least one partially or completely hydrogenated aliphatic conjugated diene hydrocarbon polymer block B having a number-average molecular weight of 100,000-150,000, (b) 50-150 parts by weight of an extender oil and (c) 0-50 parts by weight of polypropylene I, then adding, to the kneaded intermediate composition, (d) polypropylene II containing at least 35% by weight of a propylene-ethylene block copolymer having a melt flow rate of 10-30 g/10 min.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprising, as rubber components, 10-40 % by weight of (1) a styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber obtained by solution polymerization, having a styrene content of less than 20% by weight and a trans-1,4 bond content in butadiene portion, of more than 90% by weight and 60-90% by weight of (2) a diene rubber other than the styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (1), having a glass transition temperature of -60.degree. C. or below.

Abstract: A polymeric lubricant additive that behaves as a viscosity index improver and imparts enhanced anti-oxidancy, dispersnacy, and anti-wear properties to said lubricant oil has been prepared. The polymeric substrate is a random co- or terpolyer of ethylene propylene and a third monomer onto which an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or acid anhydride has been grafted. The polymer is imidized with aminoheterocyclics and hydroxylalkylated using an aldehyde or ketone an alkylation; than alkylated using mercaptoheterocyclics.

Abstract: Graft and block copolymers of polyalkylvinyl ether and polyoxazoline moieties can be used as polymeric compatibilizers.

Abstract: Stable latices of polymer particles insoluble in non-polar organic solvents are prepared by the attachment of the insoluble polymer particles to a stabilizer soluble in the non-polar organic solvent. The stabilizer comprises the adduct of a polymer bearing pendant azlactone groups which is soluble in non-polar organic solvents and an ethylenically unsaturated nucleophile bearing an azlactone reactive nucleophilic moiety.

Abstract: Graft and block copolymers of polyalkylvinyl ether and polyoxazoline moieties can be used as polymeric compatibilizers.

Abstract: "Living" polymers and their preparation in the absence of a co-catalyst at a pressure greater than about 50 MPa, from polar acrylic or maleimide monomers and organosilicon, -tin or -germanium initiators.

Abstract: Block copolymers are prepared by providing an initial anionically polymerizable monomer portion; anionically polymerizing the initial monomer portion to provide polymer chains with living ends, and contacting the polymer chains with m-bis(phenylethenyl)benzene (PEB), a coupling agent, to bring about substantial coupling. In preferred embodiments the polymer chain living ends are capped with an .alpha.-alkylstyrene or a ring-alkyl substituted .alpha.-alkylstyrene, wherein the .alpha.-alkyl groups contain between about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and the ring-alkyl groups have at least 2 carbon atoms. The coupling agents employed with the capped polymer chain living ends include PEB, p-dibromoxylene, terephthaloyl chloride, 1,4-dibromobutene; and the multifunctional epoxides, multifunctional isocyanates, multifunctional aziridines, multifunctional aldehydes, multifunctional ketones, multifunctional anhydrides, multifunctional esters, and polyhalides.

Abstract: Polydiene rubbers are commonly compounded with carbon black in making a wide variety of rubber articles including tires, hoses and belts. It is generally desirable for the carbon black to be well dispersed throughout the polydiene in order to attain optimal physical properties. For instance, the traction and rolling resistance of tires which are made utilizing such rubbers can be improved by better dispersing the carbon black throughout the polydiene. The subject invention discloses a technique for capping polydienes in order to improve their affinity for carbon black. The present invention more specifially reveals a process for preparing a polydiene having a high level of affinity for carbon black which comprises reacting a metal terminated polydiene with a capping agent selected from the group consisting of (a) halogenated nitriles having the structural formula X--A--C.tbd.

Abstract: Modified rubber compositions are described which when cured exhibit high rebound and reduced hysteresis. The uncured rubber compositions are prepared by reacting (a) at least one polymer rubber containing an alkali metal and carbon-carbon unsaturation with (b) at least one aromatic six-membered heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound substituted with a group capable of reacting with the alkali metal of the polymer rubber. Filled vulcanizates made by vulcanizing a composition comprising at least one of the above-described uncured modified rubber compositions and one or more reinforcing fillers also are described. When tire treads are prepared utilizing the filled vulcanizates of the present invention, the tires exhibit improved properties such as reduced running temperature and rolling resistance.

Abstract: Block copolymers are prepared by providing an initial anionically polymerizable monomer portion; anionically polymerizing the initial monomer portion to provide polymer chains with living ends, and contacting the polymer chains with m-bis(phenyletheynl)benzene (PEB), a coupling agent, to bring about substantial coupling. In preferred embodiments the polymer chain living ends are capped with an .alpha.-alkylstyrene or a ring-alkyl substituted .alpha.-alkylstyrene, wherein the .alpha.-alkyl groups contain between about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. and the ring-alkyl groups have at least 2 carbon atoms. The coupling agents employed with the capped polymer chain living ends include PEB, p-dibromoxylene, terephthaloyl chloride, 1,4-dibromobutene; and the multifunctional epoxides, multifunctional isocyanates, multifunctional aziridines, multifunctional aldehydes, multifunctional ketones, multifunctional anhydrides, multifunctional esters, and polyhalides.

Abstract: Aromatic oligomers, in particular arylene ketone and arylene sulfone oligomers, are prepared by reacting an appropriate monomer system in the presence of free Lewis acid and a complex between a Lewis acid, for example, aluminum trichloride, and a Lewis base, for example, N,N-dimethylformamide, and, optionally, a diluent, such as methylene chloride. The process is particularly advantageous for the preparation of substantially or all paralinked arylene ether ketone oligomers as the presence of the Lewis acid/Lewis base complex markedly reduces alkylation and ensures the substantial absence of ortho substitution. The monomer system can be, for example, a self-reacting monomer such as p-phenoxy-benzoyl chloride or a two-monomer system such as 1,4-diphenoxybenzene and terephthaloyl chloride.

Abstract: Photolytically crosslinkable thermally stable compositions comprising at least one crosslinkable polymer and a crosslinkable quantity of a multifunctional 3,4-disubstituted maleimide. The compositions may be employed to prepare adhesives and photo printing mats.

Abstract: Friedel Crafts preparation of arylene ether (especially arylene ether ketone) oligomers with an exceptionally high degree of isomeric purity and freedom from by-products can be achieved by adding to the Lewis acid reaction system a protic controlling agent selected from ROX, water, RCOOX, RSO.sub.3 X, and ROY, wherein R is organic, X is hydrogen or metal, and Y is metal.Contrary to conventional expectation, the protic agent does not significantly acylate or alkylate the Friedel Crafts reaction product, and controlling agents of relatively low molecular weight, e.g., benzoic acid, can surprisingly be selected to produce dispersions of the resulting oligomers.

Abstract: Friedel Crafts preparation of arylene ether ketone polymers with an exceptionally high degree of isomeric purity and freedom from by-products can be achieved by adding to the Lewis acid reaction system a protic controlling agent selected from ROX, water, RCOOX, RSO.sub.3 X, and ROY, wherein R is organic, X is hydrogen or metal, and Y is metal. Contrary to conventional expectation, the protic agent does not significantly acylate or alkylate the polymer, and agents of relatively low molecular weight, e.g. benzoic acid, can be selected to produce dispersions of the resulting polymers. The controlling agent also apparently acts to maintain the polymer in solution until a desired molecular weight is reached.

Abstract: Block copolymers are prepared by providing an initial anionically polymerizable monomer portion; anionically polymerizing the initial monomer portion to provide polymer chains with living ends, and contacting the polymer chains with m-bis(phenylethenyl)benzene (PEB), a coupling agent, to bring about substantial coupling. In preferred embodiments the polymer chain living ends are capped with an .alpha.-alkylstyrene or a ring-alkyl substituted .alpha.-alkylstyrene, wherein the .alpha.-alkyl groups contain between about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and the ring-alkyl groups have at least 2 carbon atoms. The coupling agents employed with the capped polymer chain living ends include PEB, p-dibromoxylene, terephthaloyl chloride, 1,4-dibromobutene; and the multifunctional epoxides, multifunctional isocyanates, multifunctional aziridines, multifunctional aldehydes, multifunctional ketones, multifunctional anhydrides, multifunctional esters, and polyhalides.

Abstract: Lubricating oils of improved properties contain a terpolymer of isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and stearyl methacrylate which has been coupled with phenothiazine and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine.

Abstract: A process for producing a highly water-absorbing polymer, which comprises treating a water-absorbing polymer containing a carboxyl group and/or a carboxylate group with a silane coupling agent in the presence of water.