Abstract: Abstract of the disclosure: A particulate graft copolymer comprises 30 to 90% by weight of at least one elastomeric grafting base A having a weight average particle size of from 30 to 1,000 nm comprising, based on A, 85 to 99.8% by weight of at least one alkyl acrylate A11 having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one polyfunctional, crosslinking monomer A12, and 0.1 to 10% by weight of at least one hydroxyalkyl acrylate or hydroxyalkyl methacrylate A13 or at least 50% by weight of one or more dienes A111, up to 50% by weight of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers A112, and 0.1 to 10% by weight of at least one hydroxyalkyl acrylate or hydroxyalkyl methacrylate A113 and10 to 70% by weight of a graft sheath B comprising, based on B, up to 99.9% by weight of at least one aromatic vinyl monomer B1, up to 99.9% by weight of at least one polar, copolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomer B2, and 0.

Abstract: There are disclosed a styrenic block copolymer having a reduced viscosity of 0.01 to 20 dl/g (0.05 g/l in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 135.degree. C.) which comprises highly syndiotactic styrenic-polymer segments and 10.sup.-4 to 10 mol % of heteroatom-containing styrenic polymer segments; a resin composition comprising the above styrenic block copolymer and a thermoplastic resin, an inorganic filler or an organic filler; a multi-layer material comprising at least one layer composed of the above styrenic block copolymer or the above resin composition; and a process for producing the above styrenic block copolymer which comprises polymerizing a styrenic monomer in the presence of a specific catalyst and adding a heteroatom-containing styrenic monomer to successively proceed with copolymerization reaction.

Abstract: A process for crosslinking comprising (a) introducing into a reactor, under crosslinking conditions, a mixture comprising(i) one or more polyolefins;(ii) organic peroxide;(iii) an ester, ether, or ketone containing two or more unsaturated groups; and(iv) a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R=hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.1 =an alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;andR.sup.2 =an alkyl having 8 or more carbon atoms or Si(R.sup.3).sub.3 wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; each R.sup.3 is the same or different; and at least one R.sup.3 is an alkoxy,and (b) crosslinking the polyolefin(s).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrophilic, highly swellable hydrogel based on (co)polymerized hydrophilic monomers or based on graft (co)polymers, characterized in that it has been surface-modified by means of a mixture ofA) one or more diglycidyl phosphonates andB) one or more other reactive compounds which are capable of reacting with the functional groups in the polymer, to a process for the preparation thereof, to the use thereof, and to diglycidyl phosphonate-containing crosslinking agent mixtures.

Abstract: A two-part adhesive consisting of a first liquid comprising 100 parts by weight of a polymerizable vinyl monomer and from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of an organic peroxide and a second liquid comprising 100 parts by weight of a polymerizable vinyl monomer and from 0.05 to 15 parts by weight of a reducing agent, wherein either one or both of the first and second liquids contain from 0.4 to 5% by weight of water, and the content of water is more than 0.2% by weight based on the total amount of the first and second liquids.

Abstract: Graft Polymers of a cross-linked copolymer of compounds of formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## and another vinyl compound as graft basis, and a polymerized vinyl group-containing phosphonic acid derivative as graft.

Abstract: Flame-retardant, thermoplastic copolymers and processes for making them are disclosed. The compositions are copolymers of a vinyl aromatic monomer, a vinyl phosphonic acid derivative, and optionally, an unsaturated organic diacid, ester, or anhydride that are grafted onto a rubber. Processes for making polymers having high molecular weight, good mechanical properties, and a high level of evenly distributed, chemically incorporated vinyl phosphonate flame retardant are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions are stabilized against molecular weight degradation by the inclusion in the composition of an inhibitor which is preferably an ethylenically unsaturated compound. The invention is of particular value when the polymer is a polymer of (meth)acrylamide in which the amount of contamination of the polymer with free (meth)acrylamide monomer is extremely low and the inhibitor has LD.sub.50 above 400.

Abstract: Flame-retardant, thermoplastic copolymers and processes for making them are disclosed. The compositions are copolymers of a vinyl aromatic monomer, a vinyl phosphonic acid derivative, and optionally, an unsaturated organic diacid, ester, or anhydride that are grafted onto a rubber. Processes for making polymers having high molecular weight, good mechanical properties, and a high level of evenly distributed, chemically incorporated vinyl phosphonate flame retardant are also disclosed.

Abstract: A molding composition containing, based on the total weight of the composition:A) at least 40% by weight of at least one halogen-free polycarbonate;B) 5-40% by weight of at least one halogen-free graft copolymer composed of;1) 40-80% by weight of an elastomer with a glass transition temperature below 0.degree. C., which elastomer is composed of, at least 50% by weight of a diene or of an at least C.sub.4 -alkyl acrylate, 1-40% by weight of a halogen-free phosphorus compound of the formula ##STR1## 2) 20-60% by weight of a shell composed of, 40-98% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-60% by weight of (meth)acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride;C) 5-40% by weight of a halogen-free thermoplastic copolymer composed of, 50-95% by weight of styrene, .alpha.-alkylstyrene, nuclear-substituted styrene and/or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, which can be optionally substituted, as crosslinkers in the preparation of hydrogels, and to the hydrogels thus prepared and their use.

Abstract: The invention provides oiled-face adherable, hot-melt adhesive composition which has constitutive components consisting of thermoplastic resin such as ethylene-acrylate ester resin, tacky resin such as rosin ester derivative and waxes such as paraffin wax and/or plasticizer such as naphthene oil, and also contains modified resin components obtained by introducing into the molecular chains of these components a phosphoric acid group or, if desired, a carboxyl or its anhydride group, for example, by grafting 2-hydroxy-3-(meth)acryloxypropyl phosphate.By providing the composition, adhesion and seal of metals with difficulty adhesive plastics are improved and a non-slip processing method of face-oiled metal scaffolding boards can be accomplished.

Abstract: An actinic radiation-curable, rust-preventive coating composition suitable for use in temporary protection of steel products from rusting and having improved rust preventing property even in the presence of oil on the steel surface is disclosed. The coating composition comprises: (A) from 10 to 50 parts by weight of a vinyl polymer having a glass transition temperature of not lower than 5.degree. C. and a solubility parameter in the range of 9 to 11.5; (B) from 50 to 90 parts by weight of one or more polymerizable compounds having at least one unsaturated group capable of initiating reaction by actinic radiation; and (C) from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of an organic phosphate of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl; Y is a straight or branched chain alkylene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by one or more ester or oxy linkages and/or aromatic rings; and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Polymer powders and thermoplastic moulding materials with improved properties are obtained if graft polymers and/or resins in particle form are used and small amounts of rubber-like polymers are polymerized or graft-polymerized onto their particle surfaces.

Abstract: Phosphate-capped polymers and a process for their preparation by contacting a silyl ketene acetal terminated polymer with vinyl phosphonates in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A light curable dental composition is provided. The composition comprises an ethylenic unsaturated compound and a light polymerization initiator. The light polymerization initiator is a combination of an .alpha.-diketone and a polyperoxy ester containing a benzophenone group and represented by the general formula (I) of: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 ' represent a tertiary alkyl group or a tertiary aralkyl group and R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' represent a hydrogen atom, a tertiary alkoxy group or a tertiary aralkyloxy group.

Abstract: Improved core-shell polymers having an alkali-insoluble core and an alkali-soluble shell are prepared by emulsion polymerization of the core-shell polymers utilizing compounds which chemically graft the core and shell together. The core-shell polymers exhibit improved solvent stability, water resistance, heat resistance and rheology. The polymers are useful in application such as inks, coatings and varnishes, floor polishes, leather treatment, cement formulations, and as a seed for further emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Oligomeric or prepolymeric organic compounds that contain both polymerizable unsaturated groups and acid radicals, their salts, or their reactive-derivative radicals. The compounds exhibit outstanding adhesion properties, especially to biological substrates, and are appropriate for application as bonding agents, adhesive filling materials, or adhesive cements in the fields of dentistry and medicine.

Abstract: Particulate hydroperoxidized poly-N-vinyl lactam containing an average of about 0.5 to 20 hydroperoxy mole equivalents per mole of poly-N-vinyl lactam, the preparation of the same by subjecting particulate poly-N-vinyl lactam to an effective amount of ozone, and the use thereof in the preparation of graft copolymers possessing a low degree of extractibles, finding utility in a wide number of fields, particularly in biomedical devices, semipermeable membranes, and as films or fibers.

Abstract: Block copolymers composed of similar monomers, but which exhibit subtantially different polarity, one of the blocks having cationic ammonium, phosphonium, or sulfonium moieties. The block copolymers, which are preferably prepared by group transfer polymerization techniques provide excellent performance as pigment dispersants, without the need for special salt-forming components.

Abstract: An electron-beam reactive magnetic coating composition for use in magnetic recording media comprising a magnetic powder and a polymer resin as a binder therefor, the polymer resin containing vinyl chloride as a main component and having at least one hydrophilic group selected from the group of COOM, SO.sub.3 M, SO.sub.4 M, PO.sub.3 M.sub.2 and PO.sub.4 M.sub.2 (wherein M represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium) and not more than 10,000 double bond equivalents of an unsaturated acid ester group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermally stable modified selectively hydrogenated high 1,2 content block copolymer wherein at least one acid compound is grafted to the block copolymer at a secondary or tertiary carbon position.

Abstract: Composite of rubber and metal reinforcement where the rubber contains borate and a cross-linkable monomer. Cured composite is useful as component for rubber tires, industrial belts and hose.

Abstract: There is provided a modified two-part type adhesive composition comprising liquid I composed of an acrylic monomer, an organic peroxide, and, if necessary, a gelation stabilizer and liquid II composed of an acrylic monomer, a curing accelerator, and, if necessary, a gelation stabilizer, at least one of the liquids containing a modified nitrile rubber in an amount of 2 to 50% by weight, and said modified nitrile rubber having carboxyl groups and the carboxyl groups being bonded to a (meth)acrylic group-containing acid phosphate through partially a covalent bond and partially an ionic bond.

Abstract: Good adhesion of rubber to metal is very important in rubber articles containing metal reinforcement. For example, in a steel belted tire good adhesion between the tire rubber and the metal tire cord is of utmost importance. Good metal to rubber adhesion is also of great importance in a variety of other rubber products, including power transmission belts, conveyor belts, and rubber hoses containing metal reinforcements. This invention reveals the use of certain adhesion promoters that are useful in rubber products containing metal reinforcements. More specifically, this invention discloses the use of allyl phosphite esters, allyl phosphate esters, 5-nitro isatoic anhydride, iminodiacetic acids, N-substituted iminodiacetic acids, salts of N-substituted iminodiacetic acids, and salts of iminodiacetic acids as adhesion promoters in composites containing rubber and metal.

Abstract: A process is provided for crosslinking, foaming, or both of polymers at temperatures above 150.degree. C. using at least one azo ester and/or azo ether in combination with at least one crosslinking intensifier having at least two reactive carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium monomers and monomers copoylmerizable therewith are reacted in the presence of anionic polymers to directly form a dry coacervate by a process which comprises forming a solution comprising the monomer(s), the anionic polymer, solvent(s) and a free-radical initiator and simultaneously polymerizing and drying the solution at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: Phosphine oxide-containing polyimide resins modified by elastomers, having improved mechanical properties and particularly useful in the production of fiber or fabric-reinforced composites or laminates.

Abstract: Interpolymer latex and process for the preparation thereof, in which the latexes are aqueous dispersions of particles having a diameter which is essentially between 0.1 and 1 .mu.m of an interpolymer comprising a copolymer A of butadiene, styrene and at least one ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid and a polymer B of bis(2-chloroethyl)vinylphosphonate which is at least partly grafted onto copolymer A. They can be used in particular as binders, more particularly in the paper coating industry and in the textile industry.

Abstract: A multiply grafted copolymer is obtained by graft-polymerizing onto non-elastic trunk polymer particles (a) a monomer mixture (b) comprising an elasticity-imparting monomer selected from conjugated dienes and acrylates, a polyalkylene oxide monomer comprising 4 to 500 alkylene oxide groups together with a terminal double bond and an optional ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c) in order. An antistatic resin composition comprising this multiply grafted copolymer alone or a mixture of this copolymer and a thermoplastic resin compatible therewith can utilize the rubbery polymer component (b) more effectively than an antistatic resin composition comprising a graft copolymer obtained by graft-polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c) onto a trunk polymer comprising a mere copolymer of a monomer mixture (b), and thus can provide an improved antistatic effect.

Abstract: The precipitation from solution of amine phosphate salts is materially inhibited by incorporating at least one carboxylated nitrile elastomer into compositions containing at least one tertiary dimethylaryl amine and at least one unsaturated organic monoester of phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The free radical copolymerization of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, and bis(hydrocarbyl)vinyl phosphonate in emulsion is moderated by the addition at the beginning of the reaction of an electronically resonating additive such as alphamethylstyrene. The use of such an additive limits the increase in viscosity of the system without retarding the rate of polymerization.

Abstract: A dry grafting method of grafting a vinyl monomer onto a polymer, which method comprises admixing into an essentially dry, solvent-swollen, finely-divided, particulate, solid, polymer admixture, wherein the polymer has free radicals formed thereon and the admixture is essentially free of a polymerization initiator, a small grafting amount in incremental portions of a vinyl-monomer material to be grafted onto the swollen polymer, the amount of vinyl monomer sufficient to maintain an essentially free-flow, stirrable, particulate admixture, and effecting grafting of the vinyl monomer to the polymer.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a transparent, weather-resistant vinyl chloride polymer having a very high impact strength by the polymerization of vinyl chloride either together with or without other copolymerizable monomers in aqueous dispersion by the emulsion polymerization method in the presence of at least one acrylic ester copolymer. The process involves emulsion polymerizing vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture containing at least 80 percent by weight of vinyl chloride in the presence of a dispersion of at least one acrylic ester copolymer consisting of 90 to 99.7 percent by weight of at least one acrylic ester containing 3 to 16 carbon atoms in the ester group and 0.3 to 10 percent by weight of a polyfunctional monomer having at least two non-conjugated ethylenic double bonds, at least one of said double bonds being of the allyl type. The acrylic ester copolymer having a mean particle diameter of 30 to 150 nm, determined by soap titration.