Abstract: This invention relates to processes for forming hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated anionic polystyrene distributions via novel polymerization conditions. This invention also relates to novel hydrocarbon soluble super active saline hydride catalyst and reagent compositions useful in conducting the hydrogen mediated saline hydride initiated polymerizations of this invention. This invention also relates to novel low molecular weight polystyrene polymer composition formed exclusively from styrene and molecular hydrogen as the monomers.

Abstract: A semiconductor filter may be treated by fluorinating the surface of the filter. The filter has a polymer membrane held by a support structure within the filter's housing. The housing has an inlet and outlet for fluids being filtered, with the membrane held between the inlet and outlet. The support structure holds the membrane such that fluids flowing through the filter pass through the membrane. The treatment purges air from the filter before flowing a gas mixture including a fluorination agent through the filter, including the membrane.

Abstract: This invention relates flame retardant compositions containing low molecular weight brominated anionic, chain transfer, vinyl aromatic polymers, hereinafter “ACTVAP”. The compositions can accommodate high bromine content while still exhibiting a low thermally labile bromine content. The compositions have glass transition temperatures, Tg, that are predictive of acceptable melt flows and heat distortion temperatures (HDT) in HIPS and ABS based formulations substrates. The compositions, are suitable flame retardant candidates for use in thermoplastic formulations, e.g. polystyrene and ABS formulations.

Abstract: An organic synthesis of materials to achieve removal of low molecular weight ionic species, such as transition metal ions including cobalt, iron, nickel, and zinc, from aqueous solutions. The synthesis includes the steps of providing a cation exchange resin, functionalizing the cation exchange resin using a chloride intermediate to form a sulfonyl chloride resin, and reacting a multi-amine based ligand with the sulfonyl chloride resin to form a sequestration resin. The synthesis further includes the steps of cooling the sequestration resin, and washing and drying the sequestration resin.

Abstract: This invention relates flame retardant compositions containing low molecular weight brominated anionic, chain transfer, vinyl aromatic polymers, hereinafter “ACTVAP”. The compositions can accommodate high bromine content while still exhibiting a low thermally labile bromine content. The compositions have glass transition temperatures, Tg, that are predictive of acceptable melt flows and heat distortion temperatures (HDT) in HIPS and ABS based formulations substrates. The compositions, are suitable flame retardant candidates for use in thermoplastic formulations, e.g. polystyrene and ABS formulations.

Abstract: A catalyst support comprising a material functionalized with at least one acid group and at least one halogen atom; and a supported catalyst comprising (i) a catalyst and (ii) the catalyst support comprising the functionalized material, as well as their uses in production of hydrogen peroxide. A process for producing hydrogen peroxide, comprising reacting hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of the supported catalyst comprising the functionalized material, optionally with the addition of an inert gas, in a reactor.

Abstract: Unsaturated organic compounds are brominated with a quaternary ammonium tribromide or a quaternary phosphonium tribromide, especially when the bromination is conducted in a chlorinated solvent. A quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium monobromide salt is produced in the reaction, together with some amount of quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium monochloride salt. The monochloride salt is converted to the corresponding quaternary ammonium monobromide salt by reacting it with a source of bromide ions. The monobromide salt is then reacted with bromine to regenerate the quaternary ammonium or phosphonium tribromide, which is recycled into the bromination reaction. This process reduces the amount of chlorine that is incorporated into the brominated product.

Abstract: The invention concerns polymer systems comprising at least one polymer with a plurality of pores where the polymer is initially functionalized on substantially all surfaces followed by a stepwise surface specific functionalization such that a different functional group resides on the external or internal pore surface of the bead. The invention also concerns use of such polymer systems in blood, blood product, or physiologic fluid purification.

Abstract: New branched or star-branched styrene polymeric, telomeric, and monomeric product distributions, their preparation, their use as raw materials for bromination to produce flame retardants, the flame retardants themselves, and their use as flame retardants in various polymeric substrates are described.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of polymerizing an alkene monomer to produce a polymer using a catalyst that is Cu(O), Cu2Te, CuSe, Cu2S, Cu2O, or a combination thereof, an initiator, and a component comprising a solvent and optional nitrogen-containing ligand, where the combination of the component and monomer is capable of diproportionating Cu(I)X into Cu(O) and Cu(II)X2 where X is Cl, Br, or I.

Abstract: Brominated styrenic polymer is recovered from solution in a vaporizable solvent by converting the solution in a devolatilization extruder into a brominated styrenic polymer melt or flow and a separate vapor phase comprised predominately of vaporizable solvent, recovering the melt or flow from the devolatilization extruder, and allowing or causing the melt or flow to solidify. The solidified brominated styrenic polymer can be subdivided into a powder or pelletized form. Pellets so made have improved hardness and/or crush strength properties along with reduced formation of fines. Brominated anionic styrenic polymer is preferably used in the process.

Abstract: A functional macromonomer, which is an isobutylene-rich polymer that homopolymerizes when initiated by a free-radical initiator, is described that has an acrylate moiety substituted by at least one substituent that bears a functional moiety. Methods of making functional macromonomers by ring-opening various anhydrides and methods of curing functional macromonomers are described. Cured products are halo-free thermosets that have only small amounts of initiator-derived byproducts and substantially no residual unreacted functionality, which is beneficial for chemical and physical stability.

Abstract: Brominated styrenic polymer is recovered from solution in a vaporizable solvent by converting the solution in a devolatilization extruder into a brominated styrenic polymer melt or flow and a separate vapor phase comprised predominately of vaporizable solvent, recovering the melt or flow from the devolatilization extruder, and allowing or causing the melt or flow to solidify. The solidified brominated styrenic polymer can be subdivided into a powder or pelletized form. Pellets so made have improved hardness and/or crush strength properties along with reduced formation of fines. Brominated anionic styrenic polymer is preferably used in the process.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated polymers and azoles are used to produce derivatives of polyolefins bear pendant azolium ionomers. These uncured ionomers are useful in adhesive, antimicrobial applications, as well as in polymer composites and polymer blends. Furthermore, these azolium ionomers' ion pairs can bear reactive functionality, which provides access to further reactions that were unavailable using previous technology. Advantageously, such reactive ionomer derivatives of polyolefins can be cured by free radical and moisture-curing chemistry that was unaccessible to the halogenated polymer parent material.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the modification of butyl elastomers, particularly halobutyl elastomers, under solvent free conditions with a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of an alkyl metal salt of an oxygen or sulfur-based nucleophile.

Abstract: Butadiene copolymers are brominated using certain quaternary ammonium tribromides as the brominating agent. The bromination process proceeds easily under mild conditions, and produces a brominated product that has excellent thermal stability. A quaternary ammonium monobromide salt is produced as a reaction by-product. A solvent for the monobromide salt is added to the reaction after 25-90% bromination of the aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds. This provides for significantly shorter reaction times while providing a product with few impurities.

Abstract: Adhesive (co)polymers of this disclosure comprise: a) an isobutylene copolymer having pendent succinate groups and optionally a tackifier. The pendent succinic acid groups ionically crosslinks the isobutylene copolymer by hydrogen boding with adjacent pendent succinic acid groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of depsipeptides on solid phase support. Said depsipeptides are then implicated in a solution phase O—N acyl shift enabling to obtain the corresponding peptide alcohols.

Abstract: Methylated polystyrene having pendant N-halamine and N-halamine precursor groups. Biocidal particles have been prepared by reacting highly crosslinked methylated polystyrene beads as starting materials with various N-halamine precursor compounds. The resulting polymer beads are halogenated with chlorine or bromine. The porous beads will be useful in disinfection applications as well as for sanitization and controlling noxious odor when mixed with absorbent materials in items such as disposable diapers, infant swimwear, incontinence pads, bandages, sanitary napkins, pantiliners, mattress covers, shoe inserts, sponges, animal litter, carpets, and fabrics.

Abstract: Concurrently fed into a reaction zone held at about 10° C. or less are brominating agent, aluminum halide catalyst, and a solution of anionic styrenic polymer having a GPC Mn about 2000-30,000. The components are in at least two separate feed streams. The feeds are proportioned to maintain (a) the amount of aluminum halide being fed at about 0.8 mole percent or less based on the amount of aromatic monomeric units in the polymer being fed, and (b) amounts of brominating agent and unbrominated polymer in the reaction zone that produce a final washed and dried polymer product containing about 60-71 wt % bromine. The catalyst is deactivated, bromide ions and catalyst residues are washed away from the reaction mixture, and the brominated anionic styrenic polymer is recovered and dried. The dried polymer has a volatile bromobenzene content of about 600 ppm (wt/wt) or less as well as other beneficial properties.

Abstract: Despite the frangibility of additive-free granules of brominated anionic styrenic polymer, pellets of unadulterated brominated anionic styrenic polymer are provided having 50 wt % or more bromine content, in which 70 wt % or more of the pellets are retained on a US No. 40 sieve and no more than 30 wt % are retained on a US No. 5 sieve. These pellets contain no binding agent and they do not break apart or revert to small particles and finely divided powder, typically called “fines” when subjected to ordinary handling. More specifically, no more than about 5 wt %, preferably no more than about 3 wt %, and more preferably no more than about 1 wt % of these pellets as formed and packaged are fines or dusts that can pass through a US No. 40 sieve.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nanocomposite of a star branched elastomer and a clay. The nanocomposite can be a mixture of a halogenated star branched elastomer and a clay, desirably an exfoliated clay, suitable for use as an air barrier. The halogenated star-branched elastomer can be the primary halogenated elastomer in the blend, and a ratio of the star-branched elastomer to clay can be from 2:1 to 500:1.

Abstract: New branched or star-branched styrene polymeric, telomeric, and monomeric product distributions, their preparation, their use as raw materials for bromination to produce flame retardants, the flame retardants themselves, and their use as flame retardants in various polymeric substrates are described.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated elastomers and latent curatives are used to produce thermoset derivatives that are easily mixed at conventional compounding temperatures, but cure rapidly at conventional cure temperatures.

Abstract: Mixtures of halogenated elastomers and latent curatives are provided that cure when subjected to sufficient heat to decompose the latent curative. Decomposition products include CO2 and N-nucleophiles, which participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions leading to crosslinking of the elastomers. Transparent thermoset products that were free of voids were produced.

Abstract: There is provided a hyperbranched polymer having a nitroxyl group. A hyperbranched polymer comprising at least one organic radical structure (nitroxyl group) of Formula (1), Formula (2) or Formula (3): and having a weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography in a converted molecular weight as polystyrene of 500 to 5,000,000.

Abstract: This invention relates flame retardant compositions containing low molecular weight brominated anionic, chain transfer, vinyl aromatic polymers, hereinafter “ACTVAP”. The compositions can accommodate high bromine content while still exhibiting a low thermally labile bromine content. The compositions have glass transition temperatures, Tg, that are predictive of acceptable melt flows and heat distortion temperatures (HDT) in HIPS and ABS based formulations substrates. The compositions, are suitable flame retardant candidates for use in thermoplastic formulations, e.g. polystyrene and ABS formulations.

Abstract: A composition is prepared by melt blending specific amounts of a polyamide, a flame retardant that includes brominated polystyrene, a polymeric flame retardant synergist, and a compatibilizing agent. The polymeric flame retardant synergist can be a poly(arylene ether), a poly(arylene ether)-polysiloxane block copolymer, or a mixture thereof The composition is useful for molding automotive and electrical parts.

Abstract: This invention relates flame retardant compositions containing low molecular weight brominated anionic, chain transfer, vinyl aromatic polymers, hereinafter “ACTVAP”. The compositions can accommodate high bromine content while still exhibiting a low thermally labile bromine content. The compositions have glass transition temperatures, Tg, that are predictive of acceptable melt flows and heat distortion temperatures (HDT) in HIPS and ABS based formulations substrates. The compositions, are suitable flame retardant candidates for use in thermoplastic formulations, e.g. polystyrene and ABS formulations.

Abstract: The invention discloses improved processes to halogenate polymers. In particular, the invention discloses to improved processes to halogenate polymers made from C4-1012 isoolefins.

Abstract: A thermally stable brominated butadiene copolymer, such as brominated styrene/butadiene block copolymer, brominated random styrene/butadiene copolymer or brominated styrene/butadiene graft copolymer, preparation of the brominated butadiene copolymers, use of the brominated butadiene copolymers as a flame retardant additive and polymeric compositions, both foamed and non-foamed, that incorporate a flame-retarding amount of brominated butadiene copolymer.

Abstract: A controlled molecular weight polymer of styrene is provided having bromine substituted thereon. Control of molecular weight is achieved by the use of alpha-methyl styrene dimer as a chain transfer agent. The brominated polymer of styrene is useful as a flame retardant, particularly for polyamides giving improved properties including color retention after molding.

Abstract: A controlled molecular weight polymer of styrene is provided having bromine substituted thereon. Control of molecular weight is achieved by the use of alpha-methyl styrene dimer as a chain transfer agent. The brominated polymer of styrene is useful as a flame retardant, particularly for polyamides giving improved properties including color retention after molding.

Abstract: Concurrently fed into a reaction zone held at about 10° C. or less are brominating agent, aluminum halide catalyst, and a solution of anionic styrenic polymer having a GPC Mn about 2000-30,000. The components are in at least two separate feed streams. The feeds are proportioned to maintain (a) the amount of aluminum halide being fed at about 0.8 mole percent or less based on the amount of aromatic monomeric units in the polymer being fed, and (b) amounts of brominating agent and unbrominated polymer in the reaction zone that produce a final washed and dried polymer product containing about 60-71 wt % bromine. The catalyst is deactivated, bromide ions and catalyst residues are washed away from the reaction mixture, and the brominated anionic styrenic polymer is recovered and dried. The dried polymer has a volatile bromobenzene content of about 600 ppm (wt/wt) or less as well as other beneficial properties.

Abstract: Preparing brominated styrenic polymer by maintaining a mixture formed from (i) brominating agent, (ii) a solvent solution of styrenic polymer, and (iii) aluminum halide catalyst, at ?20 to +20° C., and terminating bromination in 20 minutes or less. New brominated anionic styrenic polymers have better melt flow and/or lower initial ?E values than the best previously-known brominated anionic styrenic polymers. Other features of such new polymers include high thermal stabilities at 320° C. and/or very low initial color values. Brominated styrenic polymers, especially brominated anionic styrenic polymers, are useful as flame retardants for thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: Despite the frangibility of additive-free granules of brominated anionic styrenic polymer, it has been found possible by use of special mechanical processing to provide pellets of unadulterated brominated anionic styrenic polymer having a bromine content of at least about 50 wt % and in which at least about 70 wt % (preferably at least about 75 wt %) of the pellets are retained on a standard US No. 40 sieve and no more than about 30 wt % (preferably no more than about 25 wt %) are retained on a standard US No. 5 sieve. In preferred embodiments such pelletized anionic styrenic polymer is brominated anionic polystyrene having a bromine content of at least about 67 wt %, e.g., in the range of about 67 to about 71 wt %. Also preferred are pelletized brominated anionic styrenic polymers in which the melt flow index (ASTM D 1238-99) at 220° C., 2.16 kg is at least 4 g/10 min and preferably is at least 5 g/10 min.

Abstract: A controlled molecular weight polymer of styrene is provided having bromine substituted thereon. Control of molecular weight is achieved by the use of alpha-methyl styrene dimer as a chain transfer agent. The brominated polymer of styrene is useful as a flame retardant, particularly for polyamides giving improved properties including color retention after molding.

Abstract: A brominated styrenic polymer reaction mixture containing at least (i) brominated styrenic polymer, (ii) bromination reaction solvent, (iii) hydrogen bromide, and (iv) Lewis acid bromination catalyst, and an aqueous medium in an amount sufficient to deactivate the Lewis acid catalyst but insufficient to form a separate continuous liquid phase in the resultant mixture are mixed together to terminate bromination. The advantages of using such small amounts of aqueous medium, as well as various follow on procedures are described.

Abstract: Despite the frangibility of additive-free granules of brominated anionic styrenic polymer, it has been found possible by use of special mechanical processing to provide pellets of unadulterated brominated anionic styrenic polymer having a bromine content of at least about 50 wt % and in which at least about 70 wt % (preferably at least about 75 wt %) of the pellets are retained on a standard US No. 40 sieve and no more than about 30 wt % (preferably no more than about 25 wt %) are retained on a standard US No. 5 sieve. In preferred embodiments such pelletized anionic styrenic polymer is brominated anionic polystyrene having a bromine content of at least about 67 wt %, e.g., in the range of about 67 to about 71 wt %. Also preferred are pelletized brominated anionic styrenic polymers in which the melt flow index (ASTM D 1238-99) at 220° C., 2.16 kg is at least 4 g/10 min and preferably is at least 5 g/10 min.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the modification of butyl elastomers, particularly halobutyl elastomers, under solvent free conditions with a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of an alkyl metal salt of an oxygen or sulfur-based nucleophile.

Abstract: Bromination of styrenic polymer is carried out in a closed reaction system to retain HX coproduct (where HX is HBr or HCl, or both) in the bromination reaction mixture at superatmospheric pressure. Preferably, the reaction mixture which includes the brominated styrenic polymer and substantially all of the HX coproduct formed is discharged into an aqueous quenching medium. By operating in this manner, the reaction is terminated and the brominated styrenic polymer of desired bromine content and substantially all HX coproduct are captured in the same operation, process equipment costs are reduced, and processing of the reaction mixture is facilitated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering antimony catalysts wherein the formation of insoluble solids is reduced.

Abstract: A solvent for polystyrene resin treatment is used for reducing the volume of a polystyrene resin by contacting it with the solvent; and a method of treating polystyrene resins. The solvent is characterized by comprising 20 to 70 wt. % of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and 30 to 80 wt. % of C9-13 aliphatic hydrocarbon. The method employs the solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recycling process for the preparation of solid phase bonded 2-chlorotrityl chloride (2-CTC resin) useful for solid phase peptide synthesis, wherein active chloride CTC resin is regenerated by reacting the spent resin with a chlorinating agent in organic solvent.

Abstract: A novel polymer support for solid phase peptide synthesis comprising polystyrene backbone and propoxylate function of hexanedioldiacrylate crosslinks having optimum hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and a process of preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for bromomethylation of organic compounds, wherein said process is a two stage process comprising of the following stages: a) reacting paraformaldehyde with hydrogen bromide and separating bis-bromomethyl ether (BBME) from the reaction mixture, and, b) reacting BBME obtained in stage (a) with an organic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid, to obtain the bromomethylated organic compound. Further provided by the present invention is a process for the preparation of 4,4?-bis-(diethylphosphonomethyl)-biphenyl (BPMB).

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid acid catalyst that is excellent from the point of toxicity, environment and others, wherein reaction can be progressed effectively with Bronsted acid or Lewis acid catalyst. For example, the benzoylation reaction of alcohol can also be progressed easily, and further, the catalyst can be recovered and recycled easily. The para position of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane represented by the general formula [1] (wherein R1 shows a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Rf1 and Rf2 are independent to each other and show a perfluoroalkyl group), a pentafluorophenylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane, for example, is supported on a polystyrene resin, and a polystyrene-supported arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane represented by the general formula [3] (wherein R3 shows a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, Rf1 and Rf2 are the same as described above) is obtained.

Abstract: The invention provides novel solid supports comprising dihydroxyalkyl aminoalkyl and dihydroxyalkylaminobenzyl groups, and methods for making and using them. The supports are particularly useful for immobilizing and derivatizing functionalized boronic acids for use in solid phase synthesis, such as those used in combinatorial chemistries. The compositions and methods of the invention are also useful as scavenger solid supports, e.g., in solution-phase parallel synthesis of small molecule libraries, and for use in resin-to-resin transfer reactions via phase transfer of solid supported boronic acids under both aqueous and anhydrous conditions. The methods of the invention provide convergent solid-phase synthesis of symmetrically or unsymmetrically functionalized compounds, such as biphenyl compounds. Also provided are synthesizer devices, e.g., semiautomated parallel synthesizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tritylated polystyrene resin. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing tritylated polystyrene resins, comprising a step for tritylating polystyrene by reacting polystyrene resin with benzophenone dichloride or substituted benzophenone dichloride to introduce trityl group on the benzene moiety of the polystyrene.