Abstract: A carbodiimide crosslinking agent comprises, as its main component, a decarbonated condensate of (A) one or more isocyanates selected from isocyanates having at least two isocyanate groups bonded to the carbon of the methylene group in the molecule, and (B) one or more isocyanates selected from alicyclic or aliphatic diisocyanates other than those defined in (A). The condensate is blocked at terminal isocyanates thereof with a hydrophilic group. A process for preparing the crosslinking agent, and a coating material comprising the agent are also described, along with a specific type of crosslinking agent for polyvinyl alcohols.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of carboxyl-containing polyvinyl acetals which contain no emulsifiers, no readily volatile organic solvents and no nonvolatile plasticizers, preparable by a) reacting hydroxyl-containing polyvinyl acetals with polycarboxylic anhydrides in the melt or in high-boiling solvents, b) neutralizing at least some of the carboxylic acid groups present in the resulting modified polyvinyl acetals, and c) dispersing the resulting salt of the modified polyvinyl acetals in water, are suitable as coating compositions for paper and textiles and as binders for paints and varnishes.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula F(CF.sub.2).sub.q --(CH.sub.2).sub.p-1 --COX' wherein q ranges from 6-15, p ranges from 3-15 and X' is halogen are useful as reactants for hydroxylated block copolymers or polyamines to produce fluorinated polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing an aminoalkylal derivative of polymer containing a plurality of polymerized vinyl alcohol units which are vicinal, preferably a process for producing the 4-aminobutyral of poly(vinyl alcohol). The improved process for the amino-acetalization of such polymers described herein comprises reacting a 5 of 6 member cyclic imine of the structure ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 3 to 4 with the polymer containing a plurality of polymerized vinyl alcohol units. In a preferred reaction, 1,2-pyrroline is reacted with the polymer containing polymerized vinyl alcohol units under acidic conditions. Preferably the reaction is carried out by a slurry phase process employing a non solvent carrier such as methanol for the poly(vinyl alcohol). The reaction scheme for preparing the 4-aminobutyral of poly(vinyl alcohol) may be characterized by the following equation.

Abstract: A three stages process for the preparation of solid thermoplastic compositions based on polyvinyl alcohol comprising the mixing in a mixer of a first charge, comprising the polyvinyl alcohol and solid plasticizers, with a second charge constituted by one or more hydroxylated organic compounds selected from glycols, glycol ethers and alkanolamines and at least a salt of an alkaline and/or alkaline earth metal, and a third charge containing at least one or more solid polyhydroxylated alcohols, glycols and glycolic ethers, liquid alkanolamines, organic or inorganic mineral acids, hydrated inorganic salts, polymers having a low molecular weight, stabilizers and possible mineral charges, is described.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a composition comprising a polyamine or its polymer blend and at least one salt of an aminoacid, the salt of the aminoacid being present in an amount ranging from about 10 to 80 wt % based on the total weight of the composition. Another embodiment of the present invention comprises a membrane suitable for use in separating CO.sub.2 from gas streams containing CO.sub.2, especially H.sub.2 rich gas streams containing CO.sub.2 and CO. The membrane of this invention with polyamine shows higher CO.sub.2 selectivity and permeability than the prior membrane without polyamine.

Abstract: A family of piperidone functionalized polymers based on polymers containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups. Piperidone or piperidone derivatives form a cyclic ketal linkage with hydroxyl groups contained on adjacent or alternating carbon atoms of the base polymer. Preferred compositions are piperidone functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) having the following general formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 through R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or a C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups, R.sub.7 is O.cndot. or OR.sub.8, wherein R.sub.8 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl or C(.dbd.O)alkyl group; X.sup.- is a salt; x ranges from 50 to 99 mol %; y ranges from 0 to 30 mol %; and z ranges from 1 to 20 mol %. The compounds are useful in ink jet paper coating applications.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymers which comprises generating a solution of water and polyvinyl alcohol with acetate groups; adding thereto a mixture of an alkali metal iodide and iodine; adding thereto initiator, and optional crosslinking agent; adding monomer, a mixture of monomers, or a monomer/polymer mixture; homogenizing, and polymerizing; and wherein there is formed an iodide/iodine/acetate complex prior to said polymerizing.

Abstract: A method for producing a material for purification of physiological fluids of organism by chemical modification of surface exposed vinyl groups of porous hydrophobic divinylbenzene copolymer to form different surface exposed functional groups which are hydrophilous and biocompatible, without effecting a porous structure and hydrophobic interior of the initial divinylbenzene copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyvinyl acetals containing the units A, B, C and D, whereinA is present in an amount of 0.5 to 20 wt.-% and is of the formula ##STR1## B is present in an amount of 15 to 35 wt.-% and is of the formula ##STR2## C is present in an amount of 10 to 50 wt.-% and is of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group with up to 4 carbons, which is optionally substituted by an acid group, or a phenyl group, to which an acid group is attached, wherein the phenyl group optionally comprises 1 to 2 further substituents selected from halos, amino, methoxy, ethoxy, methyl and ethyl groups, or is a group X--NR.sup.6 --CO--Y--COOH, wherein X is an aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic spacer group, R.sup.6 is hydrogen or an aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic moiety and Y is a saturated or unsaturated chain- or ring-shaped spacer group, and this unit C may be contained several times with various moieties R.sup.1 independent of one another, and D is present in an amount of 25 to 70 wt.

Abstract: A poly(vinyl alcohol) purification process is described, which includes heat treating a poly(vinyl alcohol) under agitation in an atmosphere unsaturated by water and with a water vapor mass content of 20 to 100%. The process of the invention may also include an additional drying step. A poly(vinyl alcohol) with an alcohol content, more particularly a methanol content, of lower than 1% and an ester content, more particularly a methyl acetate content, of lower than 1% is also described, which is provided in the form of flakes a few millimeters in size or of a powder with an average particle size advantageously higher than 600 .mu.m.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol compositions in the form of an aqueous solution are disclosed, where the aqueous polyvinyl alcohol compositions include: (i) polyvinyl alcohol; (ii) at least one polyaldehyde having at least 3 carbon atoms and being masked completely as a water-soluble hydrogen sulfite adduct; and (ii) at least one compound which is acidic in water. The aqueous polyvinyl alcohol compositions are suitable as adhesives and for use in cast films.

Abstract: A composition is useful as a prepreg containing reinforcing fibers comprises an epoxy resin, a thermoplastic elastomer of a polyamide and/or polyester block copolymer, a curing agent such as dicyandiamide, and optionally a thermoplastic resin such as a polyvinyl formal resin.

Abstract: A process for making a thermally stable and substantially low yellow polyvinyl alcohol, and a process for reversing discoloration of polyvinyl alcohol. The process consists of treating polyvinyl acetate before saponification or treating polyvinyl alcohol after saponification with a small amount of a reducing phosphorus-containing compound and, optionally, a trace amount of a peroxide. This invention is particularly useful in producing low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol which is thermally stable and low in yellow color.

Abstract: A method for producing a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol separator having a film of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol for an alkali-zinc secondary battery, and a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol separator produced by the method are disclosed. The method includes the steps of:(1) providing a film of polyvinyl alcohol having degree of saponification of 70 to 98.5% and containing 1,2-diol units;(2) contacting the film of polyvinyl alcohol with an oxidizing agent to effect oxidative cleavage of the 1,2-diol units;(3) contacting the film of polyvinyl alcohol with an acid catalyst to catalyze acetalization to form a film of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol; and(4) preparing a separator with the film of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming a fluorescent film for a display and a method of forming a fluorescent film for forming a display surface of a display unit. The composition for forming a fluorescent film for a display has an aqueous medium in which photosensitive resin having a styryl pyridium photosensitive group having an internal salt structure and a fluorescent material which easily reacts with acid are dispersed. The composition is applied to the display surface of a display unit so that a fluorescent layer is formed. Then, the fluorescent material layer is developed to form the fluorescent material layer into a predetermined pattern, and then the fluorescent material layer formed into the predetermined pattern is baked so that a fluorescent film is formed.

Abstract: A screen printing stencil made from a composition comprising polyhydroxy compounds having a plurality of 1,2- or 1,3-diol groups along a polymer backbone, the diol groups grafted thereto a compound of formula (I) (where A is an arylene or an alkylene group; X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbon-carbon bond, or a group of formula (a), (b) or (c); R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.1 is a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl group; m is an integer of from 1 to 8; n is an integer of from 1 to 3; and p is 1 or 2); or an acetal of the polyhydroxy, compound with ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Disclosed are resin compositions that are the reaction product of epihalohydrin with a mixture of polyaminoamide and vinyl amine polymer containing a minimum of about 1 mole % vinyl amine monomer units, wherein said polyaminoamide comprises the reaction product of dicarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof, with polyamine selected from the group consisting of methyl bis(3-aminopropyl)amine and polyalkylenepolyamine containing from two to four alkylene groups having two to four carbons, two primary amine groups, and one to three secondary amine groups. Also disclosed are a process for creping fibrous webs utilizing the resin compositions, and creped paper prepared by the process. Also disclosed is wet and dry strength paper containing the resin compositions and processes for creping fibrous webs utilizing the resin compositions as creping adhesives.

Abstract: A polymer includes an ethylene-containing backbone having substituents attached thereto, wherein the substituents include a urethane linked nitrogen-bonded hydrocarbon side chain having about 5 carbon atoms or more in length and a terminal methyl group; and an oxygen linked water solubilizing group. The polymer is particularly useful in a release coating composition and is suitable for forming films from aqueous dispersions thereof, organic solvent dispersions thereof, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Ion-selective membranes are disclosed which are suitable for use in ion-selective sensors. The membranes include a mercuracarborand ionophore. Exemplary ion-selective membranes include Mercuracarborand-3 as the ionophore which is incorporated within a polymer matrix. The ion-selective membranes may be used in a wide variety of ion sensors including ion-selective membrane electrodes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a binder containing the units A, B, C, D and E, wherein A is present in an amount of 10 to 60 mole % and is of the formula ##STR1## B is present in an amount of 1 to 30 mole % and is of the formula ##STR2## C is present in an amount of 5 to 60 mole % and is of the formula ##STR3## D is present in an amount of 0 to 60 mole % and is of the formula ##STR4## and E is present in an amount of 1 to 40 mole % and is of the formula ##STR5## wherein X is an aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic spacer group,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic group,R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or alkyl groups with carbon numbers of from 1 to 18 andY is a saturated or unsaturated chain- or ring-shaped spacer group, and photosensitive compositions containing this binder.

Abstract: A creping adhesive is described which provides the ability to readily control glass transition temperature (Tg) and adhesion and which can be easily removed from dryer surfaces. The creping adhesive contains a crosslinkable polymer and preferably an ionic crosslinking agent such as metal cations having a valence of three or more.

Abstract: The invention provides a translucent, water-insoluble hydrogel composition and methods of making it. The hydrogel composition comprises a polyvinyl alcohol polymer and a complexing agent which are physically crosslinked to form a semi-crystalline polyvinyl alcohol-complexing agent polymer complex. This is achieved by:(i) combining a polyvinyl alcohol polymer with a suitable aprotic solvent;(ii) Adding a complexing agent to (i) to form a water soluble complex with the polyvinyl alcohol polymer; and(iii) Allowing the polyvinyl alcohol polymer and the complexing agent to form a water-insoluble, semi-crystalline structure.The formation of the semi-crystalline structure is assisted by freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/complexing agent/polar aprotic solvent mixture.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of ethylene/vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol terpolyrners of improved color. The process comprises reacting ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with a hydroxyl-containing compound in the presence of a catalyst. The hydroxyl-containing compound is a primary aliphatic alcohol. The catalyst is 1,3-diacetoxy-1,1,3,3-tetrabutyldistannoxane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of moldings, in particular contact lenses, in which a water-soluble crosslinkable polymer is crosslinked in solution, and to moldings, in particular contact lenses, obtainable by this process.

Abstract: A PVA-base copolymer is obtained by subjecting a lactone, whose ring is formed of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, to ring-opening polymerization in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The copolymer comprises a PVA chain and an aliphatic polyester grafted as a ring-opened polymer of the lactone on the PVA chain. Further, the copolymer has a PVA content of 2 to 98 wt. %, a polyester content of 98 to 2 wt. %, and a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000.

Abstract: The reaction of polyvinyl acetate in methanolic solution with methanolic sodium hydroxide at a temperature between 10.degree. C. and 65.degree. C. with stirring at a stirring speed of from 5 to 200 rpm with a stirrer which has a ratio of stirrer diameter (d) to container diameter (D) in the range of 0.6<d/D<0.999 leads to a homogeneously hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: The description relates to vinyl alcohol copolymers which can be produced by the acid-catalysed acetalisation reaction of polyvinyl alcohols with a degree of saponification of 80-99.5 mol % and preferably between 88 and 99.5 mol % with natural substances or their derivatives containing carbonyl or presumptive carbonyl groups. The description also relates to water-soluble films containing such vinyl alcohol copolymers, the solubility of which can be adjusted to the desired solution temperature. Said water-soluble films are used as packaging materials and auxiliaries, e.g. in the form of sealing lacquers.

Abstract: A water dispersible powder composition is provided. The powder composition contains at least one film-forming polymer having at least one functional group and at least one reactive component that reacts to form a non-ionic bond with the polymer functional group following dispersion of the powder composition in water. The reaction between the polymer particles in the admixture and the reactive component renders the resulting coating water-resistant. The powder composition of this invention is useful for producing water-resistant coatings.

Abstract: Fluorinated polymers for use per se or in a blend with compatible homopolymer or copolymer which is not fluorinated, for providing a low surface energy (anti-stick, non-wetting, low friction) surface which is stable on immersion in water, has a weight average molecular weight ranging from 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6 and comprises backbone containing (a) methylene groups and (b) side chain bearing groups with side chain on each side chain bearing group having the formula --Q--(CF.sub.2).sub.q F wherein Q comprises alkylene moiety and wherein the fluoroalkyl group attached to Q is spaced by r atoms from the atom in the backbone to which Q is attached, wherein q ranges from 6 to 15, r ranges from 6 to 18, and the ratio of q to r ranges from 0.6:1 to 1.8:1. Preferred fluorinated polymers include semifluorinated block copolymers of modified isoprene and styrene and semifluorinated ionenes.

Abstract: A PVA-base copolymer is obtained by subjecting a lactone, whose ring is formed of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, to ring-opening polymerization in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The copolymer comprises a PVA chain and an aliphatic polyester grafted as a ring-opened polymer of the lactone on the PVA chain. Further, the copolymer has a PVA content of 2 to 98 wt. %, a polyester content of 98 to 2 wt. %, and a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000.

Abstract: A composition comprising (A) polyvinyl alcohol having an amino group connected to a phenyl group and (B) at least one water resistance-imparting agent selected from polyepoxy compound, aldehyde compound, polyisocyanate compound, and water-soluble oxidizing agent; the composition exhibits outstanding water resistance even when used at room temperature; the composition finds use as a woodworking adhesive, plywood adhesive, and two-part instantaneously curing adhesive which does not require heating for curing.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers including functionalization from the group of amino groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphonic ester groups, acylpyrazolone groups, hydroxamic acid groups, aza crown ether groups, oxy crown ethers groups, guanidinium groups, amide groups, ester groups, aminodicarboxylic groups, permethylated polyvinylpyridine groups, permethylated amine groups, mercaptosuccinic acid groups, alkyl thiol groups, and N-alkylthiourea groups are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a paper coating agent which comprises a modified polyvinyl alcohol (A) containing 3 to 15 mol % of ethylene units and an alkali metal ion (B), with the ratio of component (A) to component (B) being 100:0.003 to 100:1 in parts by weight. Disclosed also herein is a heat-sensitive recording material which comprises a coating layer on a substrate, said coating layer comprising a modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 3 to 15 mol % of ethylene units.The paper coating agent of the present invention has such excellent solubility in boiling water that there is not a problem of insoluble matter in an aqueous solution of the coating agent. When applied for a paper surface coating agent, it gives coated paper without discoloration, superior, in surface strength, air barrier properties, and printability. When applied for a paper pigmented coating agent, it gives coated paper without discoloration, superior in water resistance and printability.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol is provided containing structural units of the following formula (I) at a molar fraction of 0.05-0.50 and the structural units of the following formula (II) at a molar fraction of 0.0001 to 0.50; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and X are as desribed herein, and its use in preparation of gels, particularly hydrogels, effective for use in wound dressing materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the production of tinted mouldings, in particular tinted contact lenses, in which a crosslinkable tinted polymer comprising units containing a crosslinkable group and units containing a reactive dye radical is crosslinked in solution, and to tinted mouldings, in particular tinted contact lenses, obtainable by this process.

Abstract: A process for preparing poly(vinyl acetals) or poly(vinyl ketals) by reacting poly(vinyl alcohol) with an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a catalyst which contains acid groups which are chemically bound on a sheet-like support which is insoluble in the reaction medium.

Abstract: A method of modifying the exposed surface of porous and non-porous organic polymer materials provides a multiplicity bifunctional organic molecules that have opposite functional ends. One end of each is bonded to the polymer material to form a self-assembled monolayer on the polymer material with opposite ends of the multiplicity of bifunctional organic molecules forming a new exposed surface for the polymer material. The method includes modifying the new exposed surface by chemically interacting with the opposite ends of the multiplicity of bifunctional organic molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of mouldings, especially contact lenses, in which a soluble prepolymer comprising crosslinkable groups is crosslinked in solution, and also to mouldings, especially contact lenses, obtainable in accordance with that process. The present invention relates also to novel prepolymers that can be used in the process according to the invention, especially derivatives of a polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of at least about 2000 that, based on the number of hydroxy groups of the polyvinyl alcohol, comprise from approximately 0.5 to approximately 80% of units of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkylene having up to 8 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl andR.sup.

Abstract: Binders useful in photosensitive compositions contain units A, B, C and D, wherein A is present in an amount of 0.5 to 15 wt. % and is of the formula ##STR1## B is present in an amount of 10 to 35 wt. % and is of the formula ##STR2## C is present in an amount of 10 to 50 wt. % and is of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, and D is present in an amount of 25 to 70 wt. % and is of the formula ##STR4## wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 3 and R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.4 is alkyl, aralkyl or aryl.

Abstract: A method for the immobilization of an organic thiol compound, HS--R, in which R is an organic residue, to a water-insoluble polymer of non-polypeptide structure exhibiting a disulfide (--S--S--) group directly bound to a saturated carbon atom at each of its sulphur atoms, which comprising contacting the polymer with an oxidation agent in such an amount and of such a kind that it is capable of transforming the disulfide group (--S--S--) to an oxidized disulfide group capable of reacting with thiol groups, whereupon the polymer obtained exhibiting one or more oxidized disulfide groups is contacted with the organic thiol compound HS--R under conditions allowing reaction to the formation of one --S--S--R group and one --SO.sub.n (H) group per disulfide oxide group that undergoes the reaction, where n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol base photosensitive resin comprised of a polyvinyl alcohol base polymer compound with the structural units of formulae (I) and (II) ##STR1## as well as a photosensitive resin composition comprising this resin and, optionally, an anionic additive and a method of forming a pattern using this photosensitive composition. R.sup.1 is a residue of a heterocyclic ring with quaternarized aromatic species, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or lower alkoxyl group, M is 0 or 1, and n is 1 to 6. X.sup.1, X.sup.2 are hydrogen atom, sodium, potassium or ammonium ion. These resins aid in water solubility, compatibility and sensitivity and are used in forming screen printing plates, black matrix or phosphor pattern formation of color cathode ray tubes, color filters, color printing proofs and etching resists.

Abstract: A process for the production of mouldings, in particular contact lenses, in which a water-soluble, crosslinkable polymer is crosslinked in solution, and mouldings, in particular contact lenses, obtainable by this process; and novel water-soluble, crosslinkable polymers which can be employed in the crosslinking process, in particular those based on polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of at least about 2000 which comprises units of the formulae: XI and XII, XI and XIII or XI, XII and XIII. In said Formulae, U is (a) or --Y--NH--CO--O--Z--O--CH.dbd.CH.sub.

Abstract: A method and composition for coating a metal for use in connection with improving corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. The composition is a non-corrosive ester cross-linked polymer system having a plurality of carboxylic functional groups and a plurality of hydroxyl groups. The polymer system may be a bifunctional copolymer or the reaction product of a first polymer having a plurality of carboxylic functional groups (e.g. polyacrylic acid or polymethylvinylmaleic anhydride), and a second polymer having a plurality of hydroxyl groups (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). The resulting reaction product of these two polymers is a cross-linked polymeric blend. A compound of a Group IV-B element may be added to this polymer blend to increase the degree of cross-linking and improve paint adhesion and corrosion resistance. Such a Group IV-B compound may be an acid such as fluozirconic acid, fluotitanic acid or fluohafnic acid, or a salt such as ammonium zirconium carbonate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyvinyl alcohol shaped article which comprises a polyvinyl alcohol (A) and rubber particles (B), said rubber particles (B) comprising a rubber component having a glass transition temperature of 5.degree. C. or less and an average particle diameter of 5 .mu.m or less and a polyvinyl alcohol (C) being bonded to the surface of said rubber component, with the weight ratio of said rubber component on the basis of the total weight of said polyvinyl alcohols being in the range of 0.03 to 2. The polyvinyl alcohol shaped article of the present invention has a high impact strength at low temperatures and in low humidity, and also has a high strength and Young's modulus in high humidity, and has an excellent appearance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the manufacture of mouldings, especially contact lenses, in which a soluble prepolymer comprising crosslinkable groups is crosslinked in solution, and also to mouldings, especially contact lenses, obtainable in accordance with that process. The present invention relates also to novel prepolymers that can be used in the process according to the invention, especially derivatives of a polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of at least about 2000 that, based on the number of hydroxy groups of the polyvinyl alcohol, comprise from approximately 0.5 to approximately 80% of units of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkylene having up to 8 carbon atoms,R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl andR.sup.

Abstract: A modified polyvinyl alcohol is disclosed, which comprises the following structural units (I) and (II) and has a weight average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 400,000: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents H or CH.sub.3 ; and M.sup.1 represents H, an alkali metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, or alkanolammonium. The modified polyvinyl alcohol may be sulfonated. The modified polyvinyl alcohol is used as a dispersant such as a drilling fluid additive.

Abstract: A dispersing stabilizer suitable for suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture mainly composed of vinyl chloride which can be used in a hot water charging polymerization process without any problems, and which can produce vinyl chloride homopolymer or copolymers having a good porosity, a large bulk density, a very low content of coarse particles and good physical properties, the dispersing stabilizer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of 75 to 85% by mole, an absorbance of not less than 0.1 measured at a wavelength of 280 m.mu. with respect to the 0.1% by weight aqueous solution, a content of carboxyl group of 0.01 to 0.15% by mole and a cloud point of not less than 50.degree. C. measured with respect to the 0.1% by weight aqueous solution.

Abstract: A novel lactone-modified polyvinyl acetal resin and a novel carboxyl-modified resin thereof are disclosed. The novel resins of the present invention can be used as a polyol resin for coatings curable at ordinary temperatures or heating, adhesives, binders, a processing agent for fibers, a curable resin composition by mixing with a curing agent which can react to hydroxyl groups, and a composition for a magnetic recording medium, etc. The novel resins of the present invention have graft chains containing primary hydroxyl groups bonded to the ester group derived from a lactone compound, or the primary hydroxyl groups and carboxylic groups.

Abstract: A redispersible dispersion powder comprising:a) a base polymer selected from the group consisting of vinyl ester homo- and copolymers,b) from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the overall mass of the base polymer a), of polyvinyl alcohol, said polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of from 70 to 100 mol-% and a viscosity in a 4% aqueous solution of from 2 to 70 mPa.s,c) from 0 to 50% by weight, based on the overall mass of the components a) and b), of anticaking agent,d) from 0.