Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a particulate nanocomposite material, in which the particles of the nanocomposite material comprise a) at least one inorganic or organo(semi)metallic phase which comprises at least one (semi)metal M; and b) at least one organic polymer phase. The invention also relates to the nanocomposite materials obtainable by this process. The process comprises the polymerization of at least one monomer MM which has at least one first cationically polymerizable monomer unit A which has a metal or semimetal M, and at least one second cationically polymerizable organic monomer unit B which is joined to the polymerizable unit A via at least one, e.g.

Abstract: The curable pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet A of this invention comprises an optically transparent substrate on which the curable pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 is layered on and integrated therewith. The curable pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 comprises a curable pressure-sensitive adhesive composite comprising a cationically-polymerizable compound, a polymer and a photocationic polymerization initiator. Surface roughness Rt of a surface of the curable pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 2 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an isobutene polymer using a cyclopentene derivative as initiator and to the isobutene polymer obtainable by means of the process and to particular functionalization products thereof.

Abstract: A cationic catalyst composition comprising a reactive cation and a compatible non-coordinating anion is preferably used at a temperature of 20° C. or less to produce olefin polymers, particularly polymers and copolymers of isobutylene.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to produce an isobutylene polymer having excellent performance characteristics by suppressing side reactions at the polymer growth termini during polymerization. The process of the present invention is to carry out a cationic polymerization of a monomer component containing isobutylene in the presence of a polymerization initiator, a catalyst, an ether compound, and an electron donor. Moreover, the process is to carry out a cationic polymerization of a monomer component containing isobutylene in the presence of a polymerization initiator, a catalyst, an ether compound, and an electron donor, and add a compound having the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond for introducing the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond into the polymer terminus.

Abstract: Novel cationic polymers and cationic lipids, and methods of making and using the same, are provided. The cationic polymers and cationic lipids are useful for the delivery of nucleic acid polymers and oligomers to cells in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract: A water-resistant ink jet ink composition comprising from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a pigment, a carrier, and from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight of a photo-crosslinkable polymeric dispersant having the following formula:(A)x(B)y(C)zwherein:A represents repeating units of an ethylenically unsaturated group;B represents repeating units of an ethylenically unsaturated group containing at least one photo-crosslinkable group;C represents repeating units of an ethylenically unsaturated group which provides water-dispersibility or water-solubility to the dispersant;x is from 0% to 80 mole %;y is from 0.1% to 100% mole %; and,z is from 0% to 99.9 mole %.

Abstract: A method for coupling a living cationic polymer is disclosed, said method comprising reacting the living cationic polymer with an organic compound having at least 2 furan rings in its molecule, said reaction taking place in the presence of a Lewis acid. Preferably, the living cationic polymer is first prepared by polymerizing at least one monomer selected from isobutylene, isoprene or a styrenic monomer using a specific initiator, this reaction also being carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: The synthesis and characterization of novel linear polymers and multi-arm star polymers comprising polyisobutylene arms connected to a well-defined calixarene core are described. The polymers are directly telechelic. They synthesis has been achieved using the "core first" method wherein multifunctional calix?n!arene (where n=4 to 16) derivatives or their monofunctional analogues are used as initiators which, in conjunction with certain Freidel-Crafts acids as co-initiators, induce the living polymerization of isobutylene or a similar carbocationic polymerizable monomer. Novel initiators suitable for inducing the polymerization are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel halogen-free solvent system which can produce a good isobutylene polymer and can be easily reused. A novel process for the production of an isobutylene polymer is provided which comprises using a hydrocarbon solvent having a boiling point of not lower than 105.degree. C. and a melting point of not higher than -90.degree. C. Heretofore, a solvent system containing a halogenated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride has been used for the production of an isobutylene polymer. However, such a solvent system has a great adverse effect on the environment. Therefore, a non-halogenated solvent is desirable. The present invention is characterized by the use of a hydrocarbon solvent as a reaction solvent. The resulting polymer has good properties. Further, compounds which are produced as by-products during the reaction can be easily removed, enabling the recycling of the solvent used. Thus, the production cost can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel solvent which is capable of providing an excellent isobutylene polymer, little affects the environment, has a lower solubility in water than those of halogenated hydrocarbons having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and can be decomposed relatively easily. Namely, the present invention relates to: a process for producing an isobutylene polymer, which comprises performing a cationic polymerization reaction in a solvent containing primary and/or secondary monohalogenated hydrocarbon(s) having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and an isobutylene polymer thus obtained; and a process for producing an isobutylene polymer having a vinyl group introduced into the terminal thereof, which comprises reacting the isobutylene polymer produced above with 1,9-decadiene or allyltrimethylsilane, and an isobutylene polymer thus obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the capping of a living polymer with a substituted or unsubstituted diphenyl alkylene. Diphenyl alkylene is defined to also include substituted or unsubstituted .alpha.-methoxystyrene, trans-stilbene, 1-isopropenylnapthalene and 2,4-dimethyl-.alpha.-methylstyrene.

Abstract: An isobutylene polymer having an unsaturated group and comprising more than one unit per molecule on the average of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl group, R' and R" are the same or different and each a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and Q is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 divalent organic group, which provides a cured material having improved weather resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a block copolymer according to the general formula A-b-B on the basis of a furan derivative as binding group (b) and the process for the preparation hereof. The furan derivative as binding group (b) is a compound according to formula (I). ##STR1## The block copolymer can simply be prepared in one single reactor and is suitable for use as compatibilizer.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon groups. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and luricants.

Abstract: Novel styrene derivatives are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and each represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R.sub.3 is --OH, Cl, or a group of the formula --OR.sub.4 or ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a n aromatic hydrocarbon group. The functionalized styrene monomers I as well as polymers and copolymers incorporating such monomer units are useful as initiators, or precursors thereof, for the polymerization of isobutylene under cationic conditions to give graft copolymers containing both styrenic and isobutylenic units. These copolymers have commercial applications such as rubbers, coatings, and lubricants.

Abstract: A substantially gel free C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isoolefin homopolymer rubber, butyl copolymer rubber, halogenated butyl rubber (e.g., chlorinated or brominated), or mixtures thereof, comprising a molecular weight distribution such that the ratio of the moments of said molecular weight distribution, Mz/Mw, is equal to or exceeds 2.0, and that portion of said molecular weight distribution which is equal to and greater than 4 times the peak molecular weight, Mp, comprises greater than 8 percent of the total polymer species, and Mp is greater than about 250,000 and wherein said polymer species of molecular weight less than Mp are substantially branch free. Various means are disclosed for effecting the molecular weight distribution including blending of homopolymers and/or copolymers of appropriate molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and direct polymerization using a functional reagent to introduce branching.

Abstract: Novel halostyrene telechelic polymers having from 2 to about 6 terminal halogens, halostyrene-polyether, block copolymers having ABA type structures in star type structures, depending on the number of halogen terminii in the starting halostyrene block, and a process for their formation is described. The halostyrene polymers are formed by the initiator transfer agent or inifer polymerization method; while the polyether block is polymerized by silver catalysis of monomers such as tetrahydrofuran. The polymers and copolymers have good flame resistance.

Abstract: A substantially gel free C.sub.4 to C.sub.7 isoolefin homopolymer rubber, butyl copolymer rubber, halogenated butyl rubber (e.g., chlorinated or brominated), or mixtures thereof, comprising a molecular weight distribution such that the ratio of the moments of said molecular weight distribution, Mz/Mw, is equal to or exceeds 2.0, and that portion of said molecular weight distribution which is equal to and greater than 4 times the peak molecular weight, Mp, comprises greater than 8 percent of the total polymer species, and Mp is greater than about 250,000 and wherein said polymer species of molecular weight less than Mp are substantially branch free. Various means are disclosed for effecting the molecular weight distribution including blending of homopolymers and/or copolymers of appropriate molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and direct polymerization using a functional reagent to introduce branching.

Abstract: In the present invention, a polymer having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from 200 to 40,000 and a glass transition point of from -75.degree. C. to +10.degree. C. which is obtained by the cationic polymerization of a branched alpha-olenin is used as a tackifier (a tacky producer) for a hot melt adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. An adhesive composition containing the polymer described above as a tackifier has excellent heat resistance, hue, weather resistance, and the like and has such excellent characteristics that its odor is weak.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided for producing a terminally functional polymer which comprises introducing a monomer charge, a Lewis acid and an organic peroxy compound into a suitable reaction vessel and polymerizing the monomer charge at a temperature of from about 0.degree. to about -80.degree. C. to form the terminally functional polymer, wherein the monomer charge comprises isobutylene and the organic peroxy compound is charged in an amount of from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.sup.-1 moles per mole of the isobutylene. In a preferred embodiment, the monomer charge additionally comprises vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. In another preferred embodiment the monomer charge comprises the sequential addition of isobutylene and vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. In a further preferred embodiment said reaction vessel is additionally charged with an electron door having an electron door number of from about 22 to about 50 the amount of said electron door being from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.

Abstract: Isobutylene homopolymers and copolymers are prepared using a catalyst system comprising a haloadamantane component and a Lewis acid. Branched polymers are prepared using polyhaloadamantanes, the branches being attached to the adamantane at the former location of the halide. The preferred catalyst systems are diethylaluminum chloride and bromoadamantane as well as polybromo, or polychloroadamantanes.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylate superabsorbent composition having an improved rate of absorbency, low residual acid content, and a low acrylate monomer content. Acrylic acid, an alkali metal salt of carbonic acid, aluminum acetate, sodium sulfate and water are uniformly reacted preferably using microwave radiation as the heat source.

Abstract: A cationic ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ether ("CE") in conjunction with an unsaturated alcohol (propagator) having an allyl double bond, produces a polyether macromer having an allylic group near one end and a hydroxyl group at the other. The polymerization proceeds by polyaddition of the CE to the OH group which is the propagating species. The CE is an alkylene oxide or an aliphatic or aromatic glycidyl ether; the propagator is a primary or secondary alcohol which, if cyclic may have a single internal double bond in one ring. The catalyst is a Friedel-Crafts acid, strong protic organic or inorganic acid, oxonium salt, or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a polypropylene resin composition comprising 100 parts by weight of propylene homopolymer showing a stereoregularity of a boiling heptane-insoluble part thereof of not less than 0.960 as an isotactic pentad rate obtained by .sup.13 C-NMR and 0.01 to 2 parts by weight of a hydrocarbon polymer having completely or partially saturated main hydrocarbon chain and at least one hydroxy group at an end of the main hydrocarbon chain, and a biaxially stretched film comprising the polypropylene resin composition.

Abstract: Substances (I) capable of being converted into higher-molecular weight materials under the influence of a cationic catalyst, such as 1,2-epoxides, aminoplasts, vinyl monomers or prepolymers, or phenoplasts, are so converted by exposure to actinic radiation in the presence of a sulphoxonium salt (II) of formula ##STR1## where P denotes zero or 1,R.sup.6 denotes an arylene or aralkylene group,R.sup.7 denotes --H or a group of formula ##STR2## R.sup.8 denotes an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group,R.sup.9 has the same meaning as R.sup.8 but may alternatively represent a dialkylamino group or, if R.sup.8 represents an alkyl group, R.sup.9 may represent an arylamino group,R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 each independently have the same meaning as R.sup.8 but may also each denote --H,r represents 1, 2, or 3,Z.sup.r- denotes an r-valent anion of a protic acid, and q denotes zero when p denotes zero, or zero or 1 when p denotes 1.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions using sulfonium salt photoinitiators to effect polymerization of cationically polymerizable monomers additionally include a stable free radical to reduce or eliminate the sulfur odor generated upon photodecomposition of the sulfonium salt photoinitiator. The stable free radicals are soluble in the polymerizable material and are stable in the composition at ambient temperatures. Especially useful is 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl.