Abstract: Catalytic compositions and catalytic processes are provided. The catalytic compositions are produced by the process that comprises contacting an organonickel compound with a cyclicazacarbyl compound. Optionally, one or more catalytic promoters can be present in the catalytic compositions. Additionally, one or more olefins can be contacted with one or more of these catalytic compositions to form oligomerization products and/or polymerization products.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization process is provided wherein an olefin chargestock is contacted with an organic compound polymerization initiator, a Lewis acid coinitiator and a pyridine compound such as 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine to produce homopolymers, copolymers or block copolymers having a narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: A carbocationic catalyst composition comprising an initiator of water, a tertiary alkyl or aralkyl halide, ester, ether, carboxylic acid, acid halide or a polymeric halide and a co-initiator of an alkoxy metal halide, is used to produce narrow molecular weight distribution olefin polymers particularly isobutylene/para-methyl-styrene copolymers.

Abstract: In a powder-liquid type of dental cold-polymerizing resin composition, the powder component comprises a specific polymer such as polymethylmethacrylate containing a pyrimidinetrione derivative and an organometallic compound mixed at a specific proportion, and the liquid component comprises a radical polymerizable compound containing an organic halogen compound and an aromatic tertiary amine mixed at a specific proportion used with a polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention describes a redox initiating system consisting of Cu.sup.II salts, enolizable aldehydes and ketones, and various combinations of coordinating agents for Cu.sup.II, coordinating agents for Cu.sup.I, and a strong amine base that is not oxidized by Cu.sup.II. In particular, Cu.sup.II octanoate/dibenzyl ketone/pyridine/triethylamine/triphenylphosphine systems are effective. In addition to initiating free radical polymerizations and copolymerizations, this initiating system can be applied to the synthesis of functionalized telechelics, polymers with ketone linkages in the backbone, block and graft copolymers consisting of free-radical and step-growth polymer blocks, and crosslinking reactions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an alkylidenenorbornene polymer comprising as the essential constituent at least one kind of the structural unit represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl group of 1-4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-5 carbon atoms, and a process for producing the same.According to the present invention, an alkylidenenorbornene polymer is obtained which is excellent in light resistance, transparency, heat resistance and moisture resistance and is useful as an optical polymeric material.

Abstract: A catalyst system for effecting polymerization in a two-part formulation, which contains an oxygen-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer, consists of a selected acid, a selected aromatic amine compound, and a transition metal compound; active-oxygen, free-radical catalysts are excluded. Because of the nature of the catalyst system, efficient reaction does not require intimate mixing of the two components of the formulation, which may therefore be applied effectively as fine-droplet sprays from a common, ultrasonically vibrated head.

Abstract: The invention relates to moldable, radically polymerizable multicomponent mixtures, which may even be present in the form of storable multicomponent systems, containingethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable compounds, if desired in admixture with soluble and/or insoluble fillers and/or other auxiliaries, andan activator system initiatable by contact with oxygen,characterized in that, in their in-use form, the multi-component mixtures are present as at leastly slightly thickened material and contain an activator system based on the following principal components which can be initiated by contact with ambient air:N-alkyl-substituted tert.-arylamines containing at least one aliphatic CH bond in the .alpha.-position,metal compounds at least partly soluble in the system to accelerate the drying of unsaturated oils, andweakly acidic carboxylic acids having pK.sub.s values no lower than about 0.9.In their in-use form, the multicomponent mixtures preferably have a minimum viscosity of at least about 50 to 100 mPa.

Abstract: A novel polymerization catalyst system comprising a diluent, a substrate, a nickel compound wherein the nickel is in a zero oxidation state and picolinic acid and a method for making such catalyst system is described. The polymerization catalyst system can be used in a process for the polymerization of polymerizable olefins.

Abstract: A method is provided for the direct synthesis of novel polymeric materials functionalized with desirable nitrogen-containing functional groups such as terminal azido, cyano, carbonylamino or thiocarbonylamino groups. Polymerization and functionalization occur in a substantially simultaneous manner. All necessary reactants for the functionalization are present when polymerization is initiated. The nitrogen-containing functional group is provided as a part of a molecule having a release moiety which is preferably resonance stabilized or of tertiary alkyl type and which acts to aid the nitrogen-containing species in functioning as a leaving group.

Abstract: Oligomers are produced from unsaturated monomers. They contain terminal unsaturation and have a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 200. These oligomers are produced by the free radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers using as an initiator and/or chain transfer agent in the process a transition metal complex comprising a metal cation and at least one chelating agent, said transition metal complex being generally in accordance with formula (I), wherein M is a transition metal ion which can form hexa- or penta-coordinated structures and, when complexed in this manner, has two or more readily interconverted adjacent valence states, R is hydrogen or an organic group or a transition metal complex derived form formula (I) and L is a ligand or controlling the stability and electron transfer properties of the transition metal complex and consists of an electron pair donor (Lewis base) capable of coordination with the metal ion.

Abstract: There are disclosed a catalyst which comprises a specific transition-metal compound (A) and a specific coordination complex compound (B) instead of aluminoxane, and a process for producing a styrene polymer at a reduced cost with improved efficiency by the use of the above catalyst.The catalyst according to the present invention is inexpensive compared with the conventional catalyst containing aluminoxane as the major ingredient, and exhibits a high activity in the polymerization of a styrenic monomer into styrene polymer with a high degree of syndiotacticity as well as a high yield and conversion rate.

Abstract: A catalyst and process for the metathesis polymerization of cyclic olefins, such as dicyclopentadiene, are disclosed. The catalyst comprises the reaction product of a transition metal halide preferably tungsten, molybdenum, or tantalum halides and a diaryl carbinol of the formula ##STR1## wherein G is independently C.sub.1-12 alkyl, C.sub.1-12 alkoxy, C.sub.1-12 alkylamino, C.sub.6-20 aryl, halide, or C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl; g is independently 0 to 4; R is independently hydrogen or G or the R's are combined as a single bond or as a bridging group X, where X is CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sup.1, and R.sup.1 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl. Optional co-catalysts include borohydrides, organo tin hydrides and organo aluminum compounds. Polymerization can be carried out in a reaction injection molding process to prepare a molded article.

Abstract: A composition of matter is provided comprising a catalytic mixture resulting from contacting at least one of each of the following compounds, an pyridine compound, a clay compound, and an organo-nickel compound. Additionally, a process is provided comprising contacting, under polymerization conditions, at least one alpha-olefin, wih a catalytic mixture resulting from contacting at least one of each of the following compounds, an pyridine compound, a clay compound, and an organo-nickel compound.

Abstract: A method for producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution which involves combining (1) an initiator component of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl groups, and can be the same or different, and X is an acetate, etherate, a hydroxyl group, or a halogen, and i is a positive whole number, (2) a Lewis acid of the formula MX.sub.n in which M is titanium, aluminum, boron, or tin, X is a halogen, and n is a positive whole number, (3) an electron donor component having an electron donor number of from at least about 25 to no more than about 50, (4) a solvent for the preceding and (5) a hydrocarbon monomer component.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a vinyl or vinylidene polymer comprising polymerizing a monomer having a vinyl or vinylidene group in the presence of(a) a radical polymerization initiator,(b) an organic phosphorous compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently hydrogen atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, an alkyl, an aralkyl, or an aryl,(c) an amine hydrohalide or a quaternary ammonium halide, and(d) a copper-containing compound, which can be carried out rapidly and can give the vinyl or vinylidene polymer having excellent mechanical strength without coloring.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of selected acrylic and maleimide monomers by contacting the monomers with a diazotate, cyanate or hyponitrite, and N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide or a diazonium salt. The polymers produced can themselves initiate further polymerization. Block copolymers can be produced.

Abstract: A method is provided for the direct synthesis of novel polymeric materials functionalized with desirable nitrogen-containing functional groups such as terminal azido, cyano, carbonylamino or thiocarbonylamino groups. Polymerization and functionalization occur in a substantially simultaneous manner. All necessary reactants for the functionalization are present when polymerization is initiated. The nitrogen-containing functional group is provided as a part of a molecule having a release moiety which is preferably resonance stabilized or a tertiary alkyl type and which acts to aid the nitrogen-containing species in functioning as a leaving group.

Abstract: Coating compositions comprising a free radical polymerizable compound, a fatty acid metal drier and a fugitive inhibitor of the metal drier comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of fluoro .beta.-diketones and fluoro .beta.-ketoesters. Upon application of the coating composition as a film to a substrate, the fugitive inhibitor is allowed to volatilize and the metal drier catalyzes the free-radical polymerization of the free radical polymerizable compound.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the conversion of reactant into a reaction product, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising sulfonic acid groups covalently bonded to a polymeric chain, wherein the improvement comprises increasing the rate of conversion, on an equivalent sulfonic acid basis, by providing, as said polymeric chain a compound represented by the general formula:M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M is a tetravalent metal ion; Z is a pentavalent atom, selected from the group consisting of elements of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements having an atomic weight greater than 30; x varies from 0 to 1; R is select d from the group consisting or organo radicals and mixtures of hydrogen radicals and organo radicals; and n varies from 1 to 2; provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri- or tetraoxy pentavalent atom.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided for producing a terminally functional polymer which comprises introducing a monomer charge, a Lewis acid and an organic peroxy compound into a suitable reaction vessel and polymerizing the monomer charge at a temperature of from about 0.degree. to about -80.degree. C. to form the terminally functional polymer, wherein the monomer charge comprises isobutylene and the organic peroxy compound is charged in an amount of from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.sup.-1 moles per mole of the isobutylene. In a preferred embodiment, the monomer charge additionally comprises vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. In another preferred embodiment the monomer charge comprises the sequential addition of isobutylene and vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. In a further preferred embodiment said reaction vessel is additionally charged with an electron door having an electron door number of from about 22 to about 50 the amount of said electron door being from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.

Abstract: A polymerization process is provided for producing a terminally functional polymer which comprises introducing a monomer charge, a Lewis acid and an organic peroxy compound into a suitable reaction vessel and polymerizing the monomer charge at a temperature of from about 0.degree. to about -80.degree. C. to form the terminally functional polymer, wherein the monomer charge comprises isobutylene and the organic peroxy compound is charge in an amount of from about 10.sup.-4 to about 10.sup.-1 moles per mole of the isobutylene. In a preferred embodiment, the monomer charge additionally comprises vinylidene aromatic or diolefin monomers. The invention also provides a novel catalyst system comprising an organic peroxy compound and a Lewis acid for the polymerization of isobutylene or monomer mixtures containing isobutylene.

Abstract: Free radical polymerization processes employing cobalt(II) chelates of vicinal iminohydroxyimino- and dihydroxyiminoalkanes, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamines and porphyrins as catalytic chain transfer agents, in admixture with certain Lewis bases, for controlling the molecular weight of the homopolymers and copolymers produced.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the conversion of reactant into a reaction product, in the presence of a solid acid catalyst comprising sulfonic acid groups covalently bonded to a polymeric chain, wherein the improvement comprises increasing the rate of conversion, on an equivalent sulfonic acid basis, by providing, as said polymeric chain a compound represented by the general formula:M(O.sub.3 ZO.sub.x R).sub.nwherein M is a tetravalent metal ion; Z is a pentavalent atom, selected from the group consisting of elements of Group V of the Periodic Table of the Elements having an atomic weight greater than 30; x varies from 0 to 1; R is selected from the group consisting of organo radicals and mixtures of hydrogen radicals and organo radicals; and n varies from 1 to 2; provided that n is 1 when R is terminated with a tri-or tetraoxy pentavalent atom.

Abstract: Improved method for the production of a polymer of a monofunctional (unsaturated) monomer, particularly polymethyl methacrylate, by a rapid crosslinking polymerization, which comprises polymerizing a mixture of a monofunctional (unsaturated) monomers, selected from methyl methacrylate and a monomer mixture comprising predominantly methyl methacrylate which may partially contain a polymer of the monomer (i.e. a syrup of the monomer or monomer mixture), and a polyfunctional (unsaturated) monomer in the presence of (1) a radical polymerization initiator, (2) a reducing compound containing sulfur in the molecule thereof, (3) an amine hydrohalogenate or a quaternary ammonium halide and (4) a copper-containing compound. Said polymer has high mechanical properties and excellent transparency and is useful particularly for the production of optical parts such as conventional lenses, Fresnel's lens, optical recording disc media, prisms, mirrors, etc.

Abstract: Polymeric tri-substituted silylalkynes useful for forming gas separation membranes are prepared at accelerated polymerization rates and increased molecular weights by employing at polymerization temperatures a binary catalyst system of Group VB or VIB metal halide such as TaCl.sub.5 and a tertiary amine compound such as pyridine in an aromatic solvent.

Abstract: A process for controlling the molecular weight of polymer and copolymer in radical initiated polymerization with a bimetallic catalytic chain transfer agent is disclosed.

Abstract: A polymerization can be carried out rapidly by polymerizing a methacrylate ester or a mixture of unsaturated monomers comprising the methacrylate ester as a main component in the presence of (1) a hydroperoxide polymerization initiator, (2) a reductant containing sulfur in a molecule, (3) a hydrogen halogenide salt of amine or a quarternary halogenide and (4) a copper-containing compound.

Abstract: Preparation of polyethylene in the presence of selected nickel-containing catalysts.

Abstract: Free radical polymerization processes employing cobalt(II) chelates of vicinal iminohydroxyimino compounds, dihydroxyimino compounds, diazadihydroxyiminodialkyldecadienes and diazadihydroxyiminodialkylundecadienes as catalytic chain transfer agents for controlling the molecular weight of the homopolymers and copolymers produced.

Abstract: Free radical polymerization processes employing cobalt(II) chelates of vicinal iminohydroxyimino compounds, diazadihydroxyiminodialkyldecadienes and -undecadienes, tetraazatetraalkylcyclotetradecatetraenes and -dodecatetraenes, N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamines and dialkyldiazadioxodialkyldodecadienes and -tridecadienes as catalytic chain transfer agents for controlling the molecular weight of the homopolymers and copolymers produced.

Abstract: A novel transition metal complex catalyst comprised of a transition metal attached to a ligand containing electron withdrawing substituents is employed in a polymerization process for producing nylon type polyamides.

Abstract: A process for producing polyamides comprising contacting a polyamide forming system with a transition metal complex catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause polymerization. The transition metal complex catalysts are at least one binucleating ligand attached to at least one transition metal containing nucleus.

Abstract: An adhesive composition which exhibits fast curing through large gaps is disclosed. The composition comprises (A) at least one addition polymerizable vinyl-type monomer; (B) at least one free radical stabilizer; and (C) a free radical cure system. The free radical cure system comprises (i) at least one free radical initiator, and (ii) at least one ferrocene type compound.

Abstract: The process comprises polymerizing monomers, especially including methacrylic monomer, in the presence of azo catalyst and between 0.0001% and 0.01% of Cobalt (II) dimethylglyoxime pyridine or similar Cobalt (II) complexes to produce a low molecular weight polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: Photopolymerization of monomers by visible light using a photoreducible dye, a reducing agent and a controlled level of copper ions allows for high molecular weight polymer formation. The molecular weight is found to be proportional to the copper ion concentration. At 10 to 1,000 ppb copper ion concentration, the molecular weight of the polymer is optimum.

Abstract: A process for the high pressure polymerization of ethylene in a reactor in the presence of conventional free radical generating initiators, wherein the initiator material is admixed with certain additives in small concentrations to lower the polymerization initiation temperature.

Abstract: A two liquid type adhesive composition is a combination of Composition A and Composition B both of which comprise an acrylic monomer and a butadiene type oligomer having a terminal ethylenically unsaturated group as major components.The Composition A further comprises an organic hydroperoxide and an aromatic amine and/or a pyridine derivative and the Composition B further comprises a cobalt salt of organic acid.

Abstract: The green strength of synthetic elastomers is improved by mixing a synthetic elastomer such as synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene or polybutadiene with from about 0.25 to about 2.0 parts by weight of a dihydrazide compound per 100 parts of the elastomer. Upon mixing at temperatures ranging from about 125.degree. F to about 300.degree. F, the dihydrazide will crosslink the synthetic elastomers and impart thereto improved green strength. This synthetic elastomer may then be blended with either natural or synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene in accordance with common practice in the rubber industry when the end product is a tire.

Abstract: A two part adhesive composition characterized by rapid curing and long shelf life is disclosed. The adhesive composition comprises a first component of an acrylic monomer and copper saccharinate or saccharin and a soluble copper salt and a second component comprising an alpha-hydroxy sulfone or an alpha-amino sulfone or mixtures thereof which functions as an activator therefor.

Abstract: Vinylidene chloride polymers and copolymers are prepared by contacting vinylidene chloride monomer alone or in mixture with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers with a catalytic system consisting of an organic per-compound, an organic compound of zirconium or cobalt and an acid compound according to the definition of Bronsted and Lowry in an organic solvent medium.High yields and polymerization speeds are achieved at low polymerization temperatures (10.degree.-35.degree. C).

Abstract: A time-lapse free-radical polymerizable composition which comprises (1) a free-radical polymerizable compound such as an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or a reactive polymer; (2) a soluble polymerization initiator such as a diacyl peroxide, a ketone peroxide; an alkyl peroxy ester, a dialkyl peroxide, or an inorganic persulfate; (3) a soluble, reducible metal chelate such as an iron or copper chelate in which the chelating agent is a .beta.-dicarbonyl compound having an enol content of at least 4 percent and a dicarbonyl angle of not greater than 120.degree., or a .beta.-hydroxy nitrogen-heterocyclic fused aromatic in which the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon beta to the nitrogen in an adjacent ring; (4) a soluble organic reducing agent which is capable of reducing ferric ions to ferrous ions or cupric ions to cuprous ions; and (5) excess chelating agent in the amount of 10.sup.-.sup.4 to 2.5 moles of excess chelating agent per mole of reducible metal chelate.

Abstract: Four component polymerization initiators for olefinic monomers comprise (1) an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, a persulphate, a permanganate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a bichromate, a bromate, a ceric salt, an oxazirane, an organic peroxide or an organic hydroperoxide, (2) a chelate compound of a metal such as titanium, iron, vanadium, aluminum, tin, manganese, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc or bismuth in which the metal is not fully coordinated, (3) an electron donor in amount at most equal to that required to complex completely the said metal of the chelate compound, the said electron donor being for example an amine, a monoalcohol, an ether, an aldehyde, a ketone, an imine, an oxime, an amide, a sulphonamide, or a phosphonamide, and (4) a chelate complex or salt which is different from the chelate compound (2) and in which the metal may be for example, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, vanadium or tin, the degree of coordination of the said metal being different from that of the met

Abstract: There are disclosed highly active supported catalysts for the polymerization of olefins to polymers in the form of spheroidal particles which neither break nor cake when subjected to compression. The supported catalysts are prepared by mixingA. a catalyst-forming component which is an organometallic compound of a metal belonging to Group II or III of the Mendelyeev Periodic TableWithB. a supported catalyst-forming component which is the product consisting of a carrier comprising an anhydrous Mg halide and of a halogenated Ti compound chemically combined with the carrier or dispersed on the same, said product being in the form of spherical or spheroidal particles of a size comprised between 1 and 350 microns and having characteristics as set forth in detail hereinbelow.