Abstract: The present invention provides novel anionic polymerization amine initiators having a tertiary amine group pendant to the polymer chain and processes for making the same. The initiators can be useful in the preparation of tertiary amine containing polymers, including linear, homotelechelic, heterotelechelic and radial polymers.

Abstract: There is a need for odorless rubbery polymers that offer high heat resistance, ultraviolet light resistance and low fogging characteristics. For instance, rubbery polymers of this type are needed by the automotive and construction industries. The deodorized rubbery polymers of this invention are of particular value because they can be blended with polyvinyl chloride to make leathery compositions having good heat and ultraviolet light resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an aromatic vinyl-conjugated diene block copolymer composed of a bound aromatic vinyl unit and a bound conjugated diene unit and containing at least a block aromatic vinyl segment, wherein:(1) a content of the bound aromatic vinyl unit in the block copolymer is 3 to 60 wt. %;(2) a proportion of block aromatic vinyl segment portions having a molecular weight at most a third of a molecular weight (A-Mp) corresponding to a peak in a molecular weight distribution curve of the block aromatic vinyl segment (A) as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is 55 to 90 mol % based on the total content of the block aromatic vinyl segment (A); and(3) a molecular weight (Mp) corresponding to a peak in a molecular weight distribution curve of the block copolymer as determined by GPC is 10,000 to 1,000,000, a production process thereof, a resin composition comprising the aromatic vinyl-conjugated diene block copolymer, and a preparation process of the resin composition.

Abstract: A diene rubber comprised of a conjugated diene homopolymer or a conjugated diene/aromatic vinyl copolymer; the homopolymer or copolymer having on at least one end of its polymer chain a quaternary ammonium group to which four carbon atoms have been bound; at least 10% of the bound conjugated diene units being a vinyl bond; and the homopolymer or copolymer further having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 to 2,000,000. This rubber exhibits well reduced heat build-up, which is an index of a well reduced rolling resistance, and having tensile strength and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer and process for the preparation thereof. According to this invention, the block copolymer obtained through block copolymerization process at higher temperature and adding butyllithium in twice during copolymerization are mixed block copolymer of A.sub.1 -B-A.sub.2 /B-A.sub.2 and B-A.sub.2 /B-A.sub.2 (where A represents monovinyl aromatic monomer; B represents conjugated diene monomer) having different blocks, higher elongation and appropriate melt index. The process of this invention is simple and efficient. The thermoplastic elastomeric block copolymer of this invention are particularly useful for various applications of typical styrene butadiene block copolymer, especially plastic modifier.

Abstract: Complexes of lanthanides are described, which are effective in the polymerization of conjugated dienes, obtained by reacting LnX.sub.3 with at least one Lithium compound selected from:(i) Li(A), the molar ratio Li(A)/LnX.sub.3 being from 1.5 to 2.5;(ii) LiLn(A).sub.4, the molar ratio between LiLn(A).sub.4 and LnX.sub.3 being from 0.5 to 1.5;wherein Ln is selected from any of the Lanthanides; X is selected from halides, carboxylates, alcoholates, --N(R.sub.x) (R.sub.y) wherein R.sub.x and R.sub.y, the same or different, are C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl radicals;A is an allyl radical having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, the same or different, are selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl radicals.

Abstract: Processes for the synthesis of star or multi-branched polymers and the resultant polymers. One or more alkadiene monomers are polymerized in the presence of suitable organometallic initiators and subsequently coupled to form star polymers. Prior to coupling, one or more alkenylsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons are incorporated at the living ends of the polydienyl anions to provide increased linking efficiencies.

Abstract: The invention provides dispersants and dispersant viscosity index improvers which include polymers of conjugated dienes which have been hydrogenated, functionalized, optionally modified and post treated. The dispersant substances include a copolymer of two different conjugated dienes. The polymers are selectively hydrogenated to produce polymers which have highly controlled amounts of unsaturation, permitting highly selective functionalization. The polymers may be functionalized by hydroformylation followed by reductive amination. Also provided are lubricant fluids, such as mineral and synthetic oils, which have been modified in their dispersancy and/or viscometric properties by means of the dispersant substances of the invention. Also provided are methods of modifying the dispersancy and/or viscometric properties of lubricating fluids such as mineral and synthetic lubricating oils. The dispersant substances may also include a carrier fluid to provide dispersant concentrates.

Abstract: The invention provides solid supported anionic catalysts, suitable for gas phase anionic polymerization of conjugated diene monomers, that are useful for anionically producing very high molecular weight branched diene polymers, such as styrene butadiene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, and the like. The catalysts comprise a metalatable particle, such as a bound rubber, a thermoplastic polymer or a cured elastomer, that is multiply metalated with Group IA alkali metal atoms. The multi-branched diene polymers obtained by gas phase anionic polymerization employing the catalysts exhibit desirable properties, such as an extremely high molecular weight, a controlled molecular weight distribution, T.sub.g and vinyl content, and the ability to readily absorb hydrocarbon solvents and oils. The polymers are easily compounded to form vulcanizable elastomeric compounds and articles, such as tires, that have excellent resistance to wear and tear and exhibit reduced hysteresis properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to an three-constituent adduct of a metallocene.an ether.an metal halide having the general formula of Cp'MQ.sub.2.RXR'.nM'Q.sub.2/n, where Cp' is a substituted or an unsubstituted dicyclopentadienyl, M is zirconium or titanium, RXR' is tetrahydrofuran or diethylether, M' is alkali metal or alkali earth metal, n=1 or 2. The adduct can be exposed to air for several hours or stored in nitrogen atmosphere for a long period of time, which is prepared by means of a simple and convenient process without further separation and purification and used directly as a catalyst for polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: A process for eliminating color from vinyl aromatic/conjugated diene copolymers which process comprises treating the copolymers with a monocarboxylic acid having the general formula R--COOH, where R is a hydrocarbon radical comprising 2 to 4 carbon atoms and R further comprises linear or branched aliphatic radicals, cycloaliphatic radicals, alkenic radicals, aromatic radicals or alkylaromatic radicals.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition, comprising: (a) an organolithium compound; and, (b) an organic acid salt of lanthanide series element; wherein: (1) only components (a) and (b) are required to promote the synthesis of 1,4-trans-polybutadiene; (2) the ratio of component (a) to component (b) is selected to maximize formation of the trans structure of said 1,4-trans-polybutadiene; and, (3) components (a) and (b) are selected for enabling further diblock synthesis. The invention further contemplates a process for using the catalyst to synthesize 1,4-trans-polybutadiene and other polymers and copolymers having trans configuration in the conjugated diene monomer contributed units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to prepare alkyl (meth)acrylate esters from corresponding alkyl/methacrylate esters using an alkali metal alkoxide as an ester interchange catalyst to produce an alkyl (meth)acrylate ester monomer product C ##STR1## The present invention further relates to the use of bromide and iodide salts as free radical polymerization inhibitors. The present invention further relates to the use of a noninterfering alcohol or polyol that prevents anionic polymerization reactions of reactant ester B and/or alkyl (meth)acrylate product C. The present invention further relates to a process for inhibiting polymerization of (meth)acrylates being synthesized in a transesterification or ester-ester interchange reaction system.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for synthesizing a styrene-butadiene polymer, which is particularly useful for modifying asphalt to improve force ductility, elastic recovery, toughness and tenacity, by a process which comprises the steps of: (1) continuously charging 1,3-butadiene monomer, an organo lithium compound, a polar modifier and an organic solvent into a first polymerization zone, (2) allowing the 1,3-butadiene monomer to polymerize in said first polymerization zone to a conversion of at least about 90 percent to produce a living polymer solution which is comprised of said organic solvent and living polybutadiene chains having a number average molecular weight which is within the range of about 20,000 to about 60,000, (3) continuously withdrawing said living polymer solution from said first reaction zone, (4) continuously charging styrene monomer, divinyl benzene and the living polymer solution being withdrawn from the first polymerization zone into a second polymerization zone, (5) allowing the s

Abstract: Living random (meth)acrylic copolymers, facilely converted into random co(meth)acrylates and block copolymers thereof, comprise the anionic copolymerizates of at least one comonomer A with at least one comonomer B selected from among the (meth)acrylates and maleimides, at least one of the comonomers A and B comprising a (meth)acrylate, in the presence of (i) at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, mono- or difunctional initiator and (ii) at least one ligand, for example a nonnitrogenous macrocyclic complexant, e.g., a crown ether, or an alkali metal alcoholate.

Abstract: A rubber composition having good breaking properties, high tan.delta., good wear resistance and a method for preparing a copolymer used in the rubber composition. The copolymer is a butadiene-styrene copolymer prepared in the presence of an organopotassium compound, an oxolanyl alkane and an organolithium initiator compound. The copolymer may be modified. A vulcanite of the rubber composition including 20 parts or more of the copolymer of the present invention has good properties.

Abstract: In a process for preparing polystyrene by continuous anionic polymerization of styrene monomer by means of a catalyst based on a metal alkyl preferably in the presence of a solvent at a temperature in the range from 30 to 70.degree. C., the styrene monomer is fed to an essentially isothermally operated circulation reactor configured as a closed tube loop which has, for example, a specific cooling area of at least 50 m.sup.2 per m.sup.3 of reactor volume, with the circulation velocity of the reaction mixture and the residence time being set such that the monomer conversion reaches at least 50% and the polymerization is completed in an essentially backmixing-free tube reactor.

Abstract: Triorgano substituted-tin lithium initiators are made in a dimethyl ether solvent. The substitution of dimethyl ether as the solvent for the traditional tetrahydrofuran solvent results in an initiator for anionic polymerizations that can produce less 1,2-vinyl repeat units. The dimethyl ether is also easier to remove from the polymerization media because it has a boiling point at one atmosphere of minus 24.8.degree. C. and thus is a gas at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: Polyalkenylaromatic-polyethylene copolymers are prepared using protected functional organolithium initiators. Polymerization of an alkenylsubstituted aromatic monomer followed by ethylene, results in a protected functional block polystyrene-co-polyethylenyllithium. Termination with a functionalizing agent followed by deprotection produces polymeric products with high functionalization at the initiating chain-end and at least partial functionalization at the terminal chain-end.

Abstract: The selectivity of ion exchange processes for the removal of lithium from acids is improved when weak acids such as citric and acetic, are used in the wash step. An added improvement is realized by a two stage process of contacting the acid solution first with an ion exchange resin functional to remove the nickel and aluminum compounds from the acid solution; and then contacting the acid solution with an ion exchange resin which is more selective to remove the alkali metal compound from the acid solution.

Abstract: Compositions containing conductivity enhancers, which are capable of being coated onto a substrate by means of electrostatic assistance. The compositions comprise one or more free-radically curable monomer(s), and one or more non-volatile conductivity enhancer(s), having cationic and anionic portions, which are soluble in the monomer(s) and which do not interfere with free-radical polymerization, wherein said anionic portion is a non-coordinating organophilic carbon-containing anion. The compositions may further comprise one or more initiator(s), one or more dissociation enhancing agent(s), cross-linking agent(s), cationically polymerizable monomer(s), cationic initiator(s), leveling agents, oligomer(s) or polymer(s), preferably co-reactive, and other additives or adjuvants to impart specific properties to the cured coating.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel, multi-arm or star-shaped polymers having mixed protected functional and non-functional ends, their optionally hydrogenated analogues, and the polymers produced by removal of the protecting groups. The invention also provides a process for the preparation of novel multi-arm or star-shaped polymers having branched-end functionality on some, but not all, of the branches. The multi-arm or star polymers of this invention are produced from more than one type of initiator, i.e., from both functional and non-functional initiators which, by design, incorporates both desired physical properties associated with multi-arm or star polymers with non-functional branch-ends and the versatility of functional branch end multi-arm or star polymers.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of dienes which comprises anionically polymerizing dienes in the presence of an anionic polymerization initiator and a microstructure control agent is improved by adding the control agent to the polymerization mixture in two or more doses to closely control the vinyl content of the polymer produced.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer comprising a polymeric segment, having at least one cyclic amine end group, defined according to formula (I) ##STR1## where Z is an anionically-polymerized polymer; R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of organic groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms and a bridging bond; each R.sub.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, organic groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, and a bridging bond; each R.sub.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and organic groups containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; a is an integer from 4 to about 16; and b is an integer from 0 to about 12; and optionally including a bridge, formed by the selection of two of said bridging bonds, the bridge having 0 to about 6 carbon atoms between the bridging ring members; said polymer having been crosslinked. Also provided are vulcanizable compositions of matter, vulcanizates, and tires of the functionalized polymers.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel, unsymmetrically protected, telechelically functionalized linear and star or multi-arm polymers, their optionally hydrogenated analogues, the polymers produced by selective removal of the protecting groups, the segmented block polymers produced by further reaction of these selectively deprotected polymers with selected comonomers, and the processes to prepare these polymers.

Abstract: Particulate, filterable polystyrene formulations are obtained by anionic polymerization of styrene in nonaqueous dispersion if the polymerization is carried out in an aliphatic hydrocarbon as the dispersing medium and with a styrene/diene/styrene three-block copolymer, for example based on polybutadiene or polyisoprene, as the dispersant.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a star shaped block polymer of formula (PA--PB--PC).sub.n --N--(PD--PE).sub.m wherein PA, PB and PC are respectively vinylaromatic/methacrylic blocks, acrylic blocks and methacrylic blocks. PD is a polymer block selected from vinylaromatic and/or methacrylic monomer units, PE is an acrylic polymer block, n is 2 to 20 and m is 0 to 18 with the proviso that m+n is .ltoreq.20. The process proceeds by anionic polymerization in the presence of a monofunctional initiator of formula (II),(R).sub.p --Mwherein M is an alkali or alkaline earth metal, p is 1 or 2 and R is a straight or branched alkyl radical having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 substituted alkyl radical.

Abstract: A polydiene which is obtainable by anionic polymerization of a diene using a bifunctional Li initiator followed by polymer-like reaction and which contains at least one ethanolamine or oligoetherolamine terminal group of the general structure I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes alkyl or aryl,Ar denotes aryl,R.sup.2 denotes alkyl or hydrogen, andR.sup.3 denotes aryl, alkyl, or hydrogen andX can assume a value from 1 to 10, and the hydrogenation products thereof.

Abstract: Bifunctional primer naphthalene compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M" is an alkali metal, preferably sodium or lithium, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, e.g., alkyl radicals, are prepared from corresponding 1,5-diethenylnaphthalene derivatives, and are well suited for the improved anionic polymerization of diene, vinylaromatic and/or (meth)acrylic monomers.

Abstract: There is provided a process comprising polymerizing a compound selected from the group consisting of a conjugated diene, a vinyl-substituted aromatic compound, and mixtures thereof in a gas phase fluidized polymerization vessel under polymerization conditions in the presence of at least one anionic initiator, optionally in the presence of an inert particulate material. A novel resin particle produced by the process is also provided.

Abstract: A process and catalyst system for the preparation of diene oligomers and copolymeric oligomers is disclosed. The oligomers and copolymers are prepared in an alkane solvent from one or more 1,3-diene monomers using a secondary amine transfer agent and an anionic initiator. A catalyst system including a secondary amine transfer agent and an anionic initiator is also provided.

Abstract: Anionically (co)polymerizable vinyl or diene compounds are polymerized in solution and in a reaction zone in the form of a flow tube, using an organometallic initiator, by a continuous process in which the reaction takes place essentially without heat exchange with the environment, the residence time is less than 5 minutes and the reaction zone contains no moving parts.

Abstract: A resin composition for low expansion moldings which comprises (A) 20 to 80 parts by weight of a vinyl chloride resin having an average degree of polymerization of from 500 to 1700 and (B) correspondingly from 80 to 20 parts by weight of a copolymer made of 60 to 90 parts by weight a polymerizable monomer mixture consisting of 20 to 40 wt % of acrylonitrile, 20 to 60 wt % of .alpha.-methylstyrene and 20 to 40 wt % of styrene and, correspondingly, 40 to 10 parts by weight of a crosslinked acrylic rubber. The resin composition further comprises (C) 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of an acrylic resin having a reduced viscosity of not less than 3.0 dl/g when measured by use of a chloroform solution of the acrylic resin at a concentration of 0.1 g/100 ml, (D) 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a thermally decomposable rosining agent, and (E) from 1 to 10 parts by weight of a stabilizer, each based on 100 parts by weight of a mixture of the components (A) and (B).

Abstract: A process for producing a branched polymer from a vinyl aromatic monomer comprising:A) contacting a vinyl aromatic monomer with a difunctional anionic initiator under conditions such that a dianion macromer is formed,B) contacting the dianion macromer with a multifunctional coupling agent having at least 3 reactive sites under polymerization conditions such that branches form during polymerization, andC) contacting the product of step B with a terminating agent under conditions such that the reactive sites are terminated.

Abstract: Block copolymer compositions, comprising for a major part of linear triblock copolymers, comprising two terminal predominantly poly(monovinylaromatic) blocks having a real molecular weight in the range of from 5,000 to 25,000 and one predominantly poly(boutadiene) midblock, said triblock copolymer having a monovinylaromafic content in the range of from 10 to 55 wt %, an apparent total molecular weight in the range of from 15,000 to 300,000, and an amount of from 0 to 40 wt % of a diblock copolymer relative to the total block copolymer composition weight, containing a predominantly poly(monovinylaromatic) block and a predominantly poly(boutadiene) block similar to those of the triblock copolymer component; said block copolymer composition having a free poly(vinylaromatic) content of at most 7 wt %, and shaped articles derived from said block copolymer composition.

Abstract: Poly(alkyl (meth)acrylates) are inexpensively prepared, even on an industrial scale, by anionically polymerizing at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer in the presence of a lithium-based initiator and in a liquid solvent medium in which the solubility parameter .delta. is less than 20, said initiator comprising an alcoholate having the formula ROLi, wherein R has the formula R.sup.1 (OR.sup.2).sub.m, in which R.sup.1 is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and m is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a technique for synthesizing rubbery copolymers of styrene and butadiene and/or isoprene. These rubbers exhibit an excellent combination of properties for utilization in high performance tire tread rubber compounds. The subject invention specifically discloses a process for preparing a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) which comprises: copolymerizing from about 30 weight percent to about 55 weight percent styrene and from about 45 weight percent to about 70 weight percent 1,3-butadiene in an alkane solvent, such as hexane, at a temperature which is within the range of about -10.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. in the presence of (a) an alkali metal alkoxide, and (b) an organolithium compound, wherein the molar ratio of the alkali metal alkoxide to the organolithium compound is within the range of about 0.01:1 to about 1:1.

Abstract: The invention is a practical process for anionically synthesizing commercially significant quantities of macrocyclic polymers from polar and/or non-polar monomers by using Group IIA and IIB metal cyclic organometallic initiators. Activation of the ring metal atom results in anionic polymerization of the monomers by addition into the initiator ring at the bonds between the atom and its two adjacent carbon atoms, the metal atom acting as a bridge between the two living ends of the propagating chain. Coupling of the cyclic polymer living ends by coupling agents produces macrocyclic polymers that are stable in air and moisture and that exhibit desirable properties, such as low viscosities at high molecular weights. Such macrocyclic polymers provide enhanced polymer processability during molding, extruding and the forming of films.

Abstract: Bifunctional primer naphthalene compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein M" is an alkali metal, preferably sodium or lithium, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, e.g., alkyl radicals, are prepared from corresponding 1,5-diethenylnaphthalene derivatives, and are well suited for the improved anionic polymerization of diene, vinylaromatic and/or (meth)acrylic monomers.

Abstract: The invention concerns the anionic polymerization of alkyl methacrylate in the presence of a priming system. The priming system comprises an organolithium primer and an organic compound of aluminum and pyridine. This priming system allows better polymerization control.

Abstract: Living random (meth)acrylic copolymers, facilely converted into random co(meth)acrylates and block copolymers thereof, comprise the anionic copolymerizates of at least one comonomer A with at least one comonomer B selected from among the (meth)acrylates and maleimides, at least one of the comonomers A and B comprising a (meth)acrylate, in the presence of (i) at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, mono- or difunctional initiator and (ii) at least one ligand, for example a nonnitrogenous macrocyclic complexant, e.g., a crown ether, or an alkali metal alcoholate.

Abstract: Novel N-substituted maleimide homopolymers having a number-average molecular weight ranging from 12,000 to about 100,000 are prepared by anionically polymerizing an N-substituted maleimide monomer, in solvent phase, in the presence of at least one organometallic polymerization initiator which comprises sec-butyllithium, a sodium alcoholate, diphenylmethylpotassium, naphthalenelithium or naphthalenesodium, and novel N-substituted maleimide homopolymers having a polydispersity index ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 are prepared by anionically polymerizing an N-substituted maleimide monomer, in solvent phase, in the presence of at least one alkali metal organometallic polymerization initiator and at least one inorganic or organic salt of an alkali or alkaline earth metal; novel block copolymers include blocks of the above maleimido homopolymers and, e.g., blocks of an acrylic or methacrylic polymer.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to an anionic polymerization technique for synthesizing rubbery polymers of conjugated diolefin monomers, such as a rubbery copolymer of .alpha.-methylstyrene and 1,3-butadiene. These rubbery copolymers exhibit an excellent combination of properties for utilization in tire tread rubber compounds. They have high trans-isomer contents which leads to good treadwear characteristics and a broad molecular weight distribution which enhances processability.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward anionic polymerization initiators which are soluble in acyclic alkane solvents. The initiators include a solubilized lithio amine having the general formula (A)Li(SOL).sub.y. SOL is a solubilizing component and A is an alkyl, dialkyl or cycloalkyl amine radical or a cyclic amine and y is from about 1 to 4. The cyclic amine has an alkylene, oxy- or amino-alkylene group having from about 3 to about 16 methylene groups. The invention is also directed toward polymers and other products made using the initiator, and methods therefor. Further, the invention contemplates a polymer, a polymer composition and products therefrom, which include a functional group from the reaction product of an amine and an organolithium compound. The resulting polymers may be terminated with a terminating, coupling or linking agent, which may provide the polymer with a multifunctionality.

Abstract: A process for preparing PAN fibers under precipitation polymerization conditions in an aqueous solvent system.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrocarbon solutions of monofunctional ether initiators of the following general structure:M--Z--O--C(R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3)wherein M is an alkali metal; Z is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbon group which contains 3-25 carbon atoms, optionally containing aryl or substituted aryl groups; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl groups, and their employment as initiators in the anionic polymerization of olefin containing monomers in an inert, hydrocarbon solvent comprising reacting an omega-protected-1-haloalkyl with lithium metal dispersion having a particle size between 10 and 300 millimicrons in size, at a temperature between 35.degree. and 130.degree. C. in an alkane solvent containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: In one of several methods of producing polybutadiene or a butadiene-styrene copolymer with an organolithium initiator, an organotin compound such as tetraallyltin, tetrabenzyltin and tetraphenyltin is added to the polymerization system in a period of growth of the polymer chain between a time immediately after a start of the polymerization to a time before an end of the polymerization. In another of the methods, tin tetrachloride or tin dichloride is added at an earlier time after a start of the polymerization. A polymer comprising a considerable amount of high molecular weight polymer containing the chain having a tin-carbon linkage is formed. A rubber composition for tires comprises specified amounts of the polymer described above, natural rubber, carbon black and vulcanizing agents. The rubber composition has a small loss factor and excellent fracture properties.

Abstract: A process of making polymeric matte bead particles for use in photographic elements which comprises forming a suspension of ethylenically unsaturated monomer droplets in an aqueous media, subsequent to the formation of droplets and before commencement of reaction, adding to the aqueous media an effective amount of a hydrophilic colloid to improve adhesion and polymerizing the monomer to form solid polymeric particles.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for anionic polymerization of selected methacrylate monomers at elevated (as high as about 100.degree. C.) temperatures, while maintaining good "living" characteristics, by carrying out the polymerization in the presence of a silicon compound and a large cation. Also disclosed is an improved process for the polymerization of vinyl monomers, including methacrylates, which process comprises the use of an anionic intiator which is a combination of an alkali metal hydride and an alkoxysilane or a combination of an alkali metal alkoxide and a silicon hydride.