Abstract: In casting methacrylate sheets for thermoforming applications, it has heretofore been the practice to add chain transfer agents to the polymerization mix for forming syrup. It has now been found that addition of chain transfer agent can be delayed until after the syrup has been prepared with no loss in thermoformability of sheets prepared from the syrup.

Abstract: An aerobic composition which comprises (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) and which begins to polymerize upon coming in contact with oxygen, wherein said components are;(A): at least one compound selected from (1) trivalent cerium compounds and (2) chelated trivalent cerium compounds,(B): when (A) is (1) a compound capable of forming a chelate with trivalent cerium ion and with tetravalent cerium ion and when (A) is (2), a compound capable of forming a chelate with tetravalent cerium ion,(C): at least one reducing sulfur compound capable of producing ions represented by S.sub.x O.sub.y.sup..dbd., wherein x and y are integers such that 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.6 and 1.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.7, or R.sub.6 SO.sub.2.sup.- ions, wherein R.sub.6 is an alkyl group of 1-15 carbon atoms, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 (CH.sub.2).sub.n.sup.- (wherein n is 1-3) or Y-C.sub.6 H.sub.4 (wherein Y is H, CH.sub.3, Cl, Br, CN, CH.sub.3 O, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O, CH.sub.3 CONH, NO.sub.

Abstract: Homopolymers of conjugated dienes and copolymers of conjugated dienes with other conjugated dienes or with vinyl aromatic compounds having an elastomeric character are prepared by use of a catalytic system formed of the reaction product of (a) an organometallic compound of a metal of Group IIIA of the Mendeleev periodic table of elements with (b) at least one electron-donor compound containing at least one hetero-atom.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions which are high softening thermoplastics are composed of an olefinically unsaturated nitrile, such as acrylonitrile, a vinyl halide, such as vinyl chloride, and indene.

Abstract: Onium catalysts of Group Va, VIa, and VIIa atoms have been found to be radiation activatable catalysts for the hydrolysis of silanes. Anhydrous compositions comprising silanes and the catalyst are storage stable.

Abstract: Stabilized, curable compositions formed from known free radical-polymerizable monomers (e.g., acrylates, stryene, etc.), and free radical initiators (e.g., peroxides, hydroperoxides, ultraviolet-sensitive compounds) by dissolving therein compounds containing the combination of allyl, lower alkoxyl and hydroxyl groups. All the groups may be present in one molecule, or the allyl group may occur in a separate molecule. Concentration of each compound may be in the range of about 0.01 to about 5 percent by weight of the total composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of chemically uniform copolymers of acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride and, optionally, other copolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compounds, by the method of emulsion polymerization in the presence of an anion active emulsifier and a non-ionic emulsifier.

Abstract: A catalyst system comprising (I) an organoaluminum compound, (II) an organophosphine compound, and (III) a metal salt of a beta-diketone, is effective to homopolymerize an alkene oxide, homopolymerize an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid or certain other vinyl monomers, or to copolymerize an alkene oxide with an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid or certain other vinyl monomers. Suitable vinyl monomers include vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, or vinyl ketones.

Abstract: Micro-suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers and comonomers with a seed in the form of a previously prepared dispersion of the polymer or copolymer containing all of the organo-soluble initiator required for the polymerization, in which the initiator is activated during the polymerization by the addition of an organo-metallic complex of a water-soluble metal salt reacted with a complexing agent.

Abstract: Molecular weight control is achieved in the production of acrylonitrile copolymers by means of an acid-activated mercaptan chain transfer agent.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile copolymers having controlled molecular weight are prepared using terpinolene or gamma terpinene as chain length modifier.

Abstract: Polymer resins which are thermoplastic and high softening with good impermeability to gases are composed of an olefinically unsaturated nitrile, such as acrylonitrile, an N-vinyl imide, such as N-vinyl succinimide, and indene.

Abstract: A new class of compounds: R-W-R' where R and R' are identical oxy radicals containing peroxide functions such as dialkyl or diaralkyl peroxide, peroxyketal, peroxyester, or monoperoxycarbonate, and W is a carbonyl group, or carbonyl containing group, or an alkylidene or aralkylidene group, or a phosphorus containing group.Examples:Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] carbonate;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(n-butoxycarbonylperoxy)butyl] carbonate;2,2-Bis[3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butoxy] propane;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] ethyl phosphate.They are free radical affording compounds useful in crosslinking of polyolefins and unsaturated polymers, and for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and diolefinic monomers.

Abstract: A one-step process for the emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride using a water-soluble initiator and an aqueous emulsifier system of (1) a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 straight chain alkyl or alkenyl phosphate surfactant and (2) a C.sub.12 -C.sub.20 straight chain alkyl or alkenyl alcohol and/or a straight chain saturated hydrocarbon having a carbon content of greater than 18 is disclosed. One suitable example of a straight chain phosphate surfactant is sodium lauryl phosphate. Suitable alcohols include stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol and eicosanol. A suitable hydrocarbon is eicosane. The resulting homo- and copolymer latices can be used in plastisols and organosols.

Abstract: A functional group containing polymer, particularly useful for producing relief images, printing plates, and photographic duplications, containing 1 to 90 mol percent of the monomer unit represented by general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sub.2 is a divalent group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine) a methoxy group, a nitro group or a methyl group; R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group or a carbamoyl group; X and Y each represents --O--, --S--, or --NR.sub.5 --; and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, a method of preparing the above described functional group containing polymer and a composition containing the functional group containing polymer.

Abstract: Triazine compounds and cross-linked polymer compositions are made by heating aromatic nitriles to a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree.0 C. to about 700.degree. C., and preferably in the range of from about 200.degree. C. to about 350.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst or mixture of catalysts selected from one or more of the following groups: (A) organic sulfonic and sulfinic acids, (B) organic phosphonic and phosphinic acids, and (C) metallic acetylacetonates, at a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric pressure to about 10,000 p.s.i., and preferably in the range of from about 200 p.s.i. to about 750 p.s.i.

Abstract: Compounds which contain azo or peroxide linkages as well as the radical of an ultraviolet light stabilizing group are described. These compounds function as polymerization initiators which cause an ultraviolet light stabilization group to be chemically bound to the polymer.

Abstract: The impact resistance of rubber-modified high-nitrile thermoplastic resins is greatly improved by including certain oils such as triethyl phosphate, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, 2,4-di-t-butyl phenol, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, 4-hexyl resorcinol, epoxidized soybean oil, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, and p-nonyl phenol therein.

Abstract: The impact resistance of rubber-modified high-nitrile thermoplastic resins is greatly improved by including essential oils therein.

Abstract: Thermoplastic-thermosetting polymers having good thermal stability are produced by the copolymerization of acrolein and indene.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride extender resin having an average particle size of between about 5 microns and about 50 microns can be formed by using conventional suspension polymerization procedures if a prehomogenized solution comprising an effective amount of polyallyl compound and a low molecular weight propylene polymer are incorporated in the suspension polymerization medium to control the rheological properties of the resin.

Abstract: High solids latex suitable for no-gel foam applications is prepared by polymerizing an aliphatic conjugated diolefin, optionally with at least one copolymerizable monomer e.g. styrene, acrylonitrile or vinylidene chloride, in an aqueous emulsion containing less than 6 parts by weight per 100 parts monomers of a polymerization promoting synthetic emulsifier system e.g. sodium alkyl sulfate or ether sulfate and/or sodium sulfosuccinate and from about 0.001 to less than 0.2 parts by weight of a water dispersible agglomerating agent comprising the reaction product of a polyoxyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least 5,000 with the polyepoxide obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin with a polyhydric phenol.The latex is stable and can be compound with fillers and then frothed in the absence of gelling agents to produce a uniform foam.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of preparing vinyl halide-containing polymers by suspension polymerization is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises "tail-peaking" the reaction mass prior to stripping in order to remove vinyl halide. By "tail-peaking" is meant increasing the temperature of polymerization towards the latter part of the polymerization reaction. In one aspect the improvement comprises the additional feature of conducting the polymerization in the presence of a plasticizer.

Abstract: Four component polymerization initiators for olefinic monomers comprise (1) an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, a persulphate, a permanganate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a bichromate, a bromate, a ceric salt, an oxazirane, an organic peroxide or an organic hydroperoxide, (2) a chelate compound of a metal such as titanium, iron, vanadium, aluminum, tin, manganese, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc or bismuth in which the metal is not fully coordinated, (3) an electron donor in amount at most equal to that required to complex completely the said metal of the chelate compound, the said electron donor being for example an amine, a monoalcohol, an ether, an aldehyde, a ketone, an imine, an oxime, an amide, a sulphonamide, or a phosphonamide, and (4) a chelate complex or salt which is different from the chelate compound (2) and in which the metal may be for example, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, vanadium or tin, the degree of coordination of the said metal being different from that of the met

Abstract: Alkane bis-dihalophosphines are prepared by reacting an olefin with a trivalent phosphorus compound having three halogens attached thereto, such as phosphorus trichloride, in the presence of elemental phosphorus under at least autogenous pressure at a temperature of from 150.degree.C. to 350.degree.C. The compounds obtained are useful as intermediates in preparing organophosphorus compounds which can be used as insecticides, fungicides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardant compounds, and in forming metal complexes which are catalyst activators.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method whereby a vinyl compound such as an .alpha., .beta.-carbonyl compound, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile is polymerized in a non-protonic organic medium in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate as the polymerization catalyst. High polymers having different stereospecific structures contained at a desired ratio as well as low polymers having regulated stereochemical structures are manufactured from vinyl compounds such as above mentioned by selecting reaction conditions such as the kind of organic medium to be used and the amount of the catalyst in use based on that of the charged vinyl compound.

Abstract: An olefine polymerization catalyst includes a complex compound of phosphorus having the general formula ##EQU1## where the various groups are defined. Typical phosphorus compounds include ##EQU2## Catalyst systems containing these phosphorus compounds give a high rate of polymerization together with a low proportion of soluble polymer. The phosphorus compound can be ball-milled with the titanium compound to give an improved effect and the catalyst system may also include an electron donor compound such as triphenylphosphine oxide and tris(dimethylamino)silicon monochloride or a cyclic polyene such as cycloheptatriene.

Abstract: High molecular weight polybutadiene, polyisoprene and other hydrocarbon polymers having a high vinyl and a low 1,4-trans-double bond content, which are useful in the manufacture of tire treads and carcasses, are produced employing as catalyst system (a) a cobalt compound; (b) a halogen-containing organoaluminum compound; and (c) a tris-(aryl) phosphite of the formula P--(OR.sub.1), (--OR.sub.2),--OR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are monocyclic halogenated aryl, or diaryl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthryl or the corresponding halogenated and/or alkylated polycyclic aryl; and optionally (d) an H-acidic compound, e.g., water.

Abstract: A photopolymerization co-initiator system comprises (a) about 1-30 parts of at least one carbonyl-containing compound, (b) about 1-30 parts of an organic compound containing nitrogen, phoshorus, arsenic, bismuth, or antimony, and (c) about 1-30 parts of at least one halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Organometallic compounds of high carbanion yield are prepared by metallation with barium, strontium or calcium or mixture of the same of certain acidic organic compounds having a pKa value of between about 15 and 35 on the MSAD scale in the presence of aprotic polar solvents, e.g., barium reacted with xanthene in 1,2-dimethoxyethane to yield dixanthenyl barium. Such organometallic compounds formed by metal-hydrogen exchange reaction are useful in initiating anionic growth-type polymerization of monomers, e.g., alkylene oxides and vinyl compounds, to form homopolymers and copolymers. The persistence of polymer carbanions created by such catalysts makes possible the controlled preparation of a variety of polymers, including block copolymers.

Abstract: The mono- or diester of phosphoric acid and a straight chain alkanol of 8 to 10 carbon atoms is used as a surfactant in the emulsion polymerization of olefinic compounds, especially vinyl compounds, to obtain polymers having improved stability to light and heat.

Abstract: A new class of compounds: R-W-R' where R and R' are identical oxy radicals containing peroxide functions such as dialkyl or diaralkyl peroxide, proxyketal, peroxyester, or monoperoxycarbonate, and W is a carbonyl group, or carbonyl containing group, or an alkylidene or aralkylidene group, or a phosphorous containing group.Examples:Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl]carbonate;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(n-butoxycarbonylperoxy)butyl]carbonate;2,2-Bis[3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butyoxy]propane;Di[1,3-dimethyl3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl]ethyl phosphate.They are free radical affording compounds useful in crosslinking of polyolefins and unsaturated polymers, and for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and diolefinic monomers.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer latex which remains useful after being stored for a long period of time and which can be produced by a process employing a relatively brief residence time in the reactor can be prepared by (A) forming an aqueous emulsion of monomers capable of being copolymerized into a fluoroelastomer, said emulsion comprising (1) vinylidene fluoride plus at least one other fluorine-containing monomer, (2) a specified amount of lithium ion, and (3) an inorganic free-radical initiator; (B) subjecting said emulsion to copolymerization to form a fluoroelastomer latex; and (C) adding a creaming agent to the latex; and optionally carrying out creaming of the latex to form a layer of creamed (high solids) latex, followed by isolating the creamed latex.

Abstract: (Hydrocarbon-peroxy hydrocarbon) phosphonates, useful as polymerization initiators, prepared by the reaction of a hydroperoxide with a phosphonate of an unsaturated hydrocarbon may be used to polymerize acrylic monomers.

Abstract: Ultraviolet polymerization of photopolymerizable binders or vehicles is improved by incorporating thereinto a sensitizer composition comprising an activated halogenated azine compound.