Abstract: The inclusion of a small amount of an ester-type plasticizer in the rubber polymerization recipe in the production of rubber-modified high nitrile copolymer resins produces resins having markedly improved impact resistance at both low and high temperatures.

Abstract: Polymerization method utilizing a three-phase system: water-in-oil-in-water or oil-in-water-in-oil comprising the steps (a) adding the monomer material to be polymerized into the innermost water or oil phase; (b) adding, with mechanical agitation, the product of Step a to the middle oil or water phase, said phase containing appropriate surfactant, whereby an emulsion is formed; (c) adding, with mechanical agitation, the emulsion product of Step b to the outermost water or oil phase, said phase containing appropriate surfactant, wherein polymerization proceeds in the innermost water or oil phase until complete.

Abstract: A process for producing vinyl chloride polymer which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer in aqueous suspension, in the presence of a free radical catalyst, a primary suspending agent apt to control the granulometric distribution of the particles of PVC obtained, as well as a secondary suspending agent consisting of partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate having a saponification number between 520 and 600 and a viscosity, measured in a 4% methanol solution at 20.degree. C., between 0.5 and 2 cps.

Abstract: An acid-stable surfactant, soluble in aqueous acidic medium, useful in emulsion polymerization, which is a copolymer containing the groups ##STR1## having one R--Z-- group and one --H group as terminal groups wherein R is a hydrocarbon group, ##STR2## R.sub.1 is --CO.sub.2 CH.sub.3, --CO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --CO.sub.2 NH.sub.5 or --CN; each R.sub.2, each R.sub.3, each R.sub.4, each R.sub.5 and each R.sub.7 may be the same or different and each R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sub.6 is a group of the formula --CO.sub.2 H or its salt or a group of the formula --V--CO.sub.2 H or its salt wherein V is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl; W is a group containing a sulfonic acid or a salt of a sulfonic acid or W is a sulfonic acid group or its salt.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers are prepared by polymerization or copolymerization in mass, in two phases, comprising prepolymerizing vinyl chloride monomers in a first phase under highly turbulent agitation until a degree of conversion thereof between about 5 and 15% is attained, and thence, in a second distinct phase, polymerizing said prepolymerized reaction product through reaction completion under mild agitation, said process being characterized in that [1] there is added to the reaction medium, prior to same attaining a polymer content of about 15% by weight, an additive selected from the group comprising (a) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer copolymerizable therewith, and (b) a condensate of ethylene oxide on a polypropylene glycol backbone, and in that [2] the reaction rate is controlled such that the period of time during which the content by weight of polymer or copolymer in the reaction medium is comprised between 15 and 25% is less than 45 minutes.

Abstract: Styrene polymers are prepared by suspension polymerization using, as suspension stabilizers, mixtures of(A) a sparingly soluble inorganic metal compound and(B) a fine polymer dispersion.The styrene polymers may be used, together with blowing agents, for the manufacture of foams.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new and improved quiescent polymerization process which produces spherical beads of polymer having excellent porosity and unusually high bulk density. The process comprises polymerizing discrete droplets of liquid monomer containing a monomer-soluble free radical type catalyst while suspended in an aqueous mucilage having plastic flow properties and in the presence of a nonionic surfactant having the proper Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB), such as, for example, sorbitan monooleate. The porous bead polymers have the advantage of providing for lower cost bulk shipping, better extrusion feed, and for easy monomer stripping.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerization is carried out by dispersing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of an oil soluble catalyst for polymerization and a polymerization improver having units ##STR1## wherein M represents hydrogen atom or an alkali metal; R represents --H, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or --C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and n represents an integer of 10 to 1500.

Abstract: A neutral sizing agent of emulsion type to be added to paper pulp for facilitating the disaggregation and recovery of waste paper in making paper including paper board, said sizing agent being produced, for example, by dispersing in an aqueous emulsifying dispersion medium a polymerizable hydrophobic monomer such as styrene or 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate by using as an emulsifying dispersing agent a copolymer having units of one or more monomers given by the formula ##STR1## or ##STR2## wherein R is H or CH.sub.3,X is a halogen atom,A is a (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) alkylene group, andY is an anion,and a monomer given by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are H or CH.sub.3, and then subjecting the resultant dispersion to a radical emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Production of polymers in bead form by forming a water-in-oil suspension of an aqueous solution containing at least one water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an inert hydrophobic liquid organic dispersion medium and polymerizing the suspended monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator and a protective colloid obtained by reacting an oily or resinous polymer of an olefin and/or diolefin, said polymer containing hydrogen atoms in the allyl position, with 2 to 30% by weight, based on the oil and/or resin, of maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride copolymers soluble in lacquer solvents with a clear solution consisting of copolymerizing vinyl chloride and at least one other olefinically-unsaturated compound copolymerizable with vinyl chloride under suspension copolymerization conditions in an aqueous dispersion and in the presence of (a) a monomer-soluble polymerization catalyst, (b) a water-soluble salt of a maleic acid anhydride mixed polymerizate of maleic acid anhydride, an olefinically unsaturated ester or ether of at least 7 carbon atoms, and another vinyl monomer, (c) from 0.003% to 0.007% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol having a low viscosity and a high saponification number and (d) from 0.03% to 0.05% by weight of sodium chloride, whereby a vinyl chloride copolymer is obtained having the majority of its particles of a size between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.

Abstract: Crosslinked acrylic polymer microparticles having a particle size of from 0.1 to 10 microns are produced in relatively high concentrations by a method comprising the free radical addition copolymerization of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer with alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and crosslinking monomer selected from the group consisting of (1) epoxy group-containing compound and (2) a mixture of alkylenimine and organoalkoxysilane in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer and an aliphatic hydrocarbon dispersing liquid in which the crosslinked polymer particles are insoluble.The crosslinked acrylic polymer microparticles are useful as additives to protective and decorative coatings.

Abstract: Infusible, solvent-insoluble, solvent-dispersible, inherently tacky, elastomeric polymeric microspheres which are formed from non-ionic monomers and comprise at least one oleophilic water-emulsifiable alkyl acrylate or methacrylate ester, and a suspension polymerization technique for producing the microspheres, which includes the use of an ionic suspension stabilizer.

Abstract: Production of polymers in bead form by forming a water-in-oil suspension of an aqueous solution containing at least one water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an inert hydrophobic liquid organic dispersion medium and polymerizing the suspended monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator and a protective colloid obtained by polymerizing (A) 60 to 100% by weight of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, tricyclopentadiene and alkyl-substituted derivatives thereof, and (B) 0 to 40% by weight, based on the mixture of (A) and (B), of a mono- or diethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with (A).

Abstract: Polymers in powder form are manufactured by polymerizing water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which form hydrophilic polymers, in a powder bed of polymers of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of polymerization initiators and water as an auxiliary liquid, the water being entirely or partially removed from the polymerization zone by evaporation during the polymerization.

Abstract: Polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride having a narrow grain size distribution and a large average mean diameter and a process for the preparation of same in which the polymerization of vinyl chloride is carried out in the presence of a prepolymer composition obtained by polymerization, under high turbulence, of a monomeric composition containing vinyl chloride and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, an aliphatic ester thereof or a diester of a dihydric alcohol.

Abstract: Water-swellable, cross-linked, bead copolymers of (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxylic acid anhydride, glycidyl or succinimide group, (B) a comonomer having at least two radical-polymerizable carbon double bonds, and (C) a radical-polymerizable water-soluble comonomer are disclosed to be excellent carriers capable of bonding with biologically active substances such as enzymes, enzyme substrates, inhibitors, hormones, antibiotics, antigens, and peptides.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of normally solid, organic polymeric particles are prepared by (1) dispensing an oil phase containing at least one emulsion polymerizable monomer such as styrene in an aqueous phase containing a stabilizing emulsifier such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and a polymer of a sulfo ester of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid such as a 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate n-butyl acrylate copolymer and (2) subjecting the dispersion to emulsion polymerization. Microspheres having liquid centers and seamless rigid walls of a normally solid, organic polymer are prepared according to the above method except that the starting oil phase also contains a non-polymerizable, water-insoluble liquid such as hexane.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of powders of maleic acid anhydride/1-olefin copolymers by suspension polymerization in the presence of special dispersion agents which are obtained by the reaction of a copolymer of maleic acid anhydride and a 1-olefin with an aliphatic monohydric alcohol or an aliphatic monoamine or a mixture thereof, at least 30 mol % of the anhydride groups being esterified to semi-esters or amidated to semi-amides. The copolymer powders obtained have a surprisingly narrowparticle size distribution and can be used without grinding or sifting as reactive fillers for natural and synthetic rubbers. They also can be used for the production of paper coating agents as they dissolve easily and without residue in alkalis, ammonia or amines.

Abstract: A curable composition based on bisphenol-A derivatives or compositions corresponding to the formula ##EQU1## ("R" groups as defined herein) in combination with a free radical initiator and a bismaleimide- or nadic-type additive. These compositions have improved strength properties at elevated temperatures and improved resistance to thermal degradation.Also disclosed is a process for sealing or adhering surfaces by use of these compositions.

Abstract: A process for suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or a mixture of vinyl chloride and a monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium in the presence of an oil-soluble polymerization catalyst is improved by the use of a suspending agent comprising a well known protective colloid and a saccharose alkyl ester.