Abstract: An adhesive composition comprising 2-cyanoacrylate and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of R.sub.1 --CH.sub.2 OH, ##STR1## R.sub.1 --CHO, R.sub.1 --CHO hydrate, ##STR2## pentafluorophenol, hexachloroacetone, hexachloroacetone hydrate, chloral and chloral hydrate as cationic-polymerization inhibitor. In the above formulas, R.sub.1 is a fluorinated alkyl or aryl group having up to 12 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are fluorinated or non-fluorinated alkyl or aryl groups having up to 12 carbon atoms. The above adhesive composition has an excellent storage stability and an improved bonding strength.

Abstract: A continuous process for polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene alone or with selected comonomers to prepare a polymer which employs a perfluoroalkyl ethane sulfonic acid or its salt or a perfluoroalkyl ethane sulfate salt as dispersing agent.

Abstract: In the batch process for copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and selected comonomers to prepare a copolymer thereof, the improvement which comprises employing a perfluoroalkylethane sulfonic acid or its salts as the dispersing agent.

Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions obtained from dispersion polymerization which have high solids content and small polytetrafluoroethylene particles are obtained by employing a combination of disuccinic acid peroxide and an inorganic persulfate, and a combination of an anionic and a hydrocarbon dispersing agent, precharged to the polymerization mixture, and by adding a combination of disuccinic acid peroxide and an anionic dispersing agent during the course of the polymerization.

Abstract: This invention relates to an exothermic emulsion polymerization method characterized by the presence of a low boiling fluid as a component of one of the phases of the emulsion system, said low boiling fluid having the following characteristics:(1) It is sufficiently inert so that it does not interfere with the polymerization reaction(2) It is capable of maintaining by reflux the polymerization system at relatively even and homogeneous temperature.This is exemplified by the use of a halogenated hydrocarbon boiling below about 50.degree. C. as the low boiling fluid.

Abstract: Novel telechelic halogenated polymers of cationically polymerizable olefin monomers are formed carrying from 2 to about 6 terminal halogens. The telechelic halogenated polymers are formed by reacting the monomer with an initiator transfer agent, carrying at least two tertiary halogens, and under cationic polymerization conditions. Additionally, novel thermoplastic elastomer block copolymers are formed from these telechelic halogenated polymers by reacting the latter with vinyl aromatic monomers in the presence of a coinitiator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorinated alkylvinyl ethers of the formulaCF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.n --O--CF.dbd.CF.sub.2wherein n is 1 to 3, in the presence of hexafluoropropene, and the thermoplastic terpolymers so obtained. The copolymerization may be carried out according to the suspension process or the emulsion process in liquid phase in the presence of liquid chain transfer agents. In the presence of hexafluoropropene, the amount of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl) ethers incorporated in the copolymer is considerably increased. The terpolymers in accordance with this invention are distinguished by a number of interesting properties, and are useful for melt processing to shaped articles and as coating materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of polyacrylonitrile or acrylonitrile copolymers, the polymerization being carried out at a temperature of from -40.degree. to +60.degree. C. optionally under pressure in an aliphatic chlorofluorine or fluorine substituted hydrocarbon containing up to 8 carbon atoms and having a boiling point of from -60.degree. to +50.degree. C. or in mixtures thereof having boiling ranges of from -60.degree. to +50.degree. C. and using a starter system comprising a hydroperoxide sulphur dioxide and an acid. The system may also contain aliphatic hydrocarbons in such quantities that a non-inflammable mixture is formed.

Abstract: Emulsion polymerization is carried out with reactive surfactants comprised of ring sulfonated maleate half esters of alkoxylated alkyl arylols.

Abstract: Polymerizable acrylic monomers, and anaerobic adhesives which contain such monomers, wherein the acrylic monomers contain internal chain unsaturation in addition to terminal acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: Presence of a selected carboxylic acid in the aqueous polymerization mixture during suspension polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene has been found to reduce the amount of adhesions formed during the polymerization.

Abstract: Presence of a selected carboxylic acid in the aqueous polymerization mixture during polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene to obtain a colloidal dispersion of polymeric tetrafluoroethylene has been found to reduce the amount of coagulum formed during the polymerization.

Abstract: In a suspension polymerization process of preparing styrenic polymer particles from a styrenic monomer and small particles of a styrenic polymer in a definite particle size range, styrenic polymer particles having a uniform particle size are obtained without the formation of fine polymer powders by simultaneously but separately dropwise adding to an aqueous suspension of the small particles of the styrenic polymer (1) a solution of 100-60% by weight of a suspension polymerization catalyst and 1-10% by weight of the styrenic monomer and (2) a solution of 0-40% by weight of the catalyst and 99-90% by weight of the styrenic monomer simultaneously but separately from each other.

Abstract: Styrenic polymer particles having a substantially uniform particle size are prepared by suspending styrenic polymer particles having particle sizes in a certain range in water to provide an aqueous suspension and after adding to the suspension a styrenic monomer, a suspension polymerization catalyst and a polymerization retarder in an amount of 1/200 to 1/15 mole per 1 mole of the catalyst, conducting the suspension polymerization. By conducting the polymerization in the presence of a foaming agent, one can produce foamable styrenic polymer particles having a substantially uniform particle size.

Abstract: Terpolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene essentially consist of components of from 40 to 60 mole % of tetrafluoroethylene, 40 to 60 mole % of ethylene and 0.1 to 10 mole % of fluorovinyl ether component having the formulaCF.sub.2 .dbd.CF--O--(CF.sub.2).sub.n --COXwherein X is selected from the group consisting of F, OH, OR.sup.1 and NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 and R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 respectively represent hydrogen atom or R.sup.1 and n represents an integer of 1 to 10.Said terpolymer has a volumetric flow rate of 10 to 500 mm.sup.3 /sec. defined in the specification.The terpolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene are produced by copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene with a molar ratio of C.sub.2 F.sub.4 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 being kept essentially higher than 40/60 in the reactor in the presence of a small amount of a perfluoroalkyl vinyl monomer having the formulaCF.sub.2 .dbd.CF--O--(CF).sub.n --COXwherein X and n are defined above.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a water-soluble bead polymer by dispersing drops of an aqueous solution of water-soluble vinyl monomer in a dispersing medium in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer, and polymerizing the monomer by using monomer selected from the following A and B(a) a compound of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and each is linear or branched alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, linear or branched alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, hydroxy alkyl of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or benzyl, Y is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene each of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and X.sup.- is an anion, or(B) a mixture of the compound of the formula I and a water-soluble vinyl monomer copolymerizable with the compound (I), and a cellulose ester or a cellulose ether insoluble in water but soluble in the dispersing medium is used as the dispersion stabilizer.

Abstract: In casting methacrylate sheets for thermoforming applications, it has heretofore been the practice to add chain transfer agents to the polymerization mix for forming syrup. It has now been found that addition of chain transfer agent can be delayed until after the syrup has been prepared with no loss in thermoformability of sheets prepared from the syrup.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer is produced by copolymerizing propylene, tetrafluoroethylene and glycidyl vinyl ether in the presence of a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: By conducting solution polymerization in the presence of minor amounts of water, higher molecular weight polymers are obtained.

Abstract: Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene essentially consist of components of from 40 to 60 mole % of tetrafluoroethylene, 40 to 60 mole % of ethylene and 0.1 to 10 mole % of perfluoroalkyl vinyl component having the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd. CH--C.sub.n F.sub.2n + 1wherein n is an integer of 2 to 10. Said copolymer has a volumetric flow rate of 10 to 500 mm.sup.3 /sec. defined in the specification.The copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene are produced by copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene with a molar ratio of C.sub.2 F.sub.4 /C.sub.2 H.sub.4 being kept essentially higher than 40/60 in the reactor in the presence of a small amount of a perfluoroalkyl vinyl monomer having the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd. CH--C.sub.n F.sub.2 + 1wherein n is an integer of 2 to 10.This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 689.526, filed May 24, 1976, now abandoned.

Abstract: Low softening point resins are prepared by a process which comprises polymerising using a Friedel Crafts catalyst:(1) a petroleum resin feed comprising C.sub.5 olefins and C.sub.5 diolefins or a mixture of C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 olefins and diolefins, said feed being obtained from the cracking of petroleum feedstock and being subjected to thermal soaking at a temperature of 100.degree. C to 150.degree. C, and(2) a branched chain reactive aliphatic olefin or an oxygenated transfer agent.Preferred additives are diisobutene or U.O.P. olefins. The polymerization may take place in the presence of a C.sub.8 to C.sub.10 unsaturated aromatic compound.

Abstract: An improved process for producing powdery water-soluble vinyl high-polymers by reversed-phase emulsion polymerization. The vinyl monomer is polymerized in the form of W/O type emulsion dispersed as an aqueous solution in a non-polar organic solvent immiscible with water and having a boiling point in the polymerization temperature range of the vinyl monomer, under stationary evaporation and reflux of part of the solvent, whereby the oxygen in the polymerization system is completely removed and thus the polymerization is enhanced to achieve an extremely high polymerization degree.

Abstract: The novel polymers are prepared from a charge containing the following ingredients:(a) vinyl chloride;(b) from 50 ppm to 1% by weight of the total charge of at least one branching agent selected from the group of vinylic and allylic esters and amides and having at least two polymerizable double bonds in the molecule, in which branching agent the vinylic and allylic groups are linked directly the ester oxygen or amide atom, nitrogen respectively, as the case may be;(c) from 500 ppm to 5% by weight of the total charge of at least one chain transfer agent selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted aliphatic aldehydes, C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 halogenated hydrocarbons containing 3 or 4 atoms of chlorine or bromine in the molecule, sulfides and mercaptans;(d) at least one radical producing initiator.This charge is subjected to polymerization and the resultant vinyl chloride polymer is recovered from the reaction.

Abstract: Flexible films, fibers, and the like, of (1) potassium, ammonium and amine salts of unsaturated copolymerizable carboxylic acids, at least one alkyl acrylate or methacrylate ester wherein the alkyl group contains 10 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one of an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an acrylic or methacrylic nitrile or amide optionally with a small amount of a cross-linking agent and (2) an aliphatic glycol, rapidly absorb and retain large quantities of water and ionic fluids are useful in disposable nonwoven articles.

Abstract: Polymers of unsaturated copolymerizable carboxylic acids, at least one acrylic or methacrylic ester containing an alkyl of 10 to 30 carbon atoms, and another acrylic or methacrylic ester containing an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally with a small amount of a cross-linking agent, rapidly absorb and retain large quantities of water and ionic fluids, and are useful in disposable nonwoven articles.

Abstract: Vinyl halide polymers of relatively low molecular weight are obtained when a monomer component comprising a vinyl halide is polymerized in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator and a molecular weight regulating agent that is a polybromobutene, such as 1,1,2,4-tetrabromobutene-2. The products have low melt viscosity and excellent fusion characteristics that make them valuable in molding, extrusion, and coating applications.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing water-soluble polyelectrolytes by a water-in-oil emulsion process. A mixture of a surfactant, free radical initiator, at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer adapted to polymerize under refluxing conditions, oil and water (the oil and water being adapted to form an azeotropic boiling mixture) is heated with vigorous agitation. The monomer polymerizes at the reflux temperature under the vigorous agitation with a concomitant simultaneous loss of water. Finely divided, water-soluble particles result.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of polytetrafluoroethylene comprising polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium containing a polymerization initiator and an appropriate emulsifying agent as well as other necessary additives in the presence of a stabilizing amount of a stabilizing agent selected to be a saturated halogenated acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon containing less than about 20 carbon atoms or an unsaturated halogenated acyclic or cyclic hydrocarbon containing less than about 20 carbon atoms which is not copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene under the reaction conditions, or a mixture of said halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Stress-crack resistant copolymers of from about 40 to 60 mol percent ethylene and 60 to 40 percent of a halogenated comonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene and mixtures thereof and containing high and low molecular weight components such that: ##EQU1## WHEREIN X.sub.i represents the weight fraction of each high molecular weight component i;Mw represents the weight-average molecular weight of the copolymer;Mw.sub.1 represents the weight-average molecular weight of each component i; ##EQU2## WHEREIN X.sub.j represents the weight fraction of each low molecular weight component j, andMw.sub.j represents the weight-average molecular weight of each component j, and0.1 .ltoreq. f .ltoreq. 0.95.

Abstract: Polytetrafluoroethylene resin, coagulated after aqueous dispersion polymerization, having a fibrillatable character that is observable under high magnification and is manifested by high stretchability and long stress relaxation time under given conditions, is obtained by the aqueous dispersion technique, but with the polymerization initiator and its concentration, and the method of charging the initiator to the aqueous polymerization medium, and the temperature of polymerization being controlled to produce the resin. The resin is useful in applications served by earlier polytetrafluoroethylenes that have been coagulated from aqueous dispersion polymerization and is especially useful where processing conditions require shear or stretching.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of thermoplastically workable fluoro-polyolefins and their copolymers wherein a fluorine containing olefin is polymerized or copolymerized in the aqueous phase in the presence of a water-soluble, radical-forming catalyst and a polymerization regulator, the improvement residing in employing as the polymerization regulator a halogenated hydrocarbon having from one to three carbon atoms and at least three halogen atoms of which at least one is a fluorine atom and at least one is a bromine or iodine atom.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride resins characterized by rapid dry blending with plasticizers are prepared by suspension polymerization in an aqueous medium containing a hydroxypropyl cellulose plus higher fatty acid esters of sorbitan.

Abstract: Homopolymers of isobutylene and copolymers thereof with isoprene (butyl rubber) are subjected to high energy ionizing radiation in the presence of halogenated hydrocarbon radiation catalysts.

Abstract: A starting monomer mixture containing a minor amount of a cross linking agent is precipitation polymerized in a diluent/precipitant which is an unlimited solvent for the starting monomers but is neither a solvent or a substantial swelling agent for the resultant polymer. The amount of cross linking agent is maintained during polymerization at a critically low percent by volume relative to the entire polymerization mixture. The resultant product falling from the polymerization contains substantially only soluble hydrophilic polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: A process for instantaneous peptization of polychloroprene latexes made by polymerizing in the presence of sulfur and a modifying agent such as iodoform or a dialkylxanthogen disulfide, by adding a suitable thiol at a pH at least equal to 9.

Abstract: Fluoroaliphaticsulfonyl substituted ethylenes, useful as catalysts in polymerization of monomers, e.g., epoxide, vinyl ether, and N-vinyl monomers, are prepared by condensation of precursor fluoroaliphaticsulfonyl methanes with aldehydes or N-formyl compounds.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition for use as a hair lacquer or hair-setting lotion contains an essentially homogeneous vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer, the macromolecular chains of which contain essentially the same content of each of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid along the entire length thereof. The content of each of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid does not vary more than 2.5% by weight relative to the average content of each in essentially all of the macromolecular chains, along essentially the entire length of each of said chains.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl chloride polymers suitable for the production of pastes, in which a mixture of water and a monomer soluble free radical yielding initiator dissolved in a solvent therefor is subjected to homogenization in the presence of a surfactant and mixed with the monomeric material to be polymerized, the monomeric material then being polymerized to form vinyl chloride polymer. None of the vinyl chloride to be polymerized is homogenized in the claimed process.

Abstract: A photopolymerization co-initiator system comprises (a) about 1-30 parts of at least one carbonyl-containing compound, (b) about 1-30 parts of an organic compound containing nitrogen, phoshorus, arsenic, bismuth, or antimony, and (c) about 1-30 parts of at least one halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A tough, flexible, nonelastic, high-modulus terpolymer composed of copolymerized units, in mole percents, of 45 to 55% ethylene, 40 to 50% tetrafluoroethylene and 3 to 9% hexafluoropropylene.

Abstract: Alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene prepared by the manipulative steps of brominating poly(.alpha.-methyl-styrene) and subsequently depolymerizing the brominated polymer. The alpha-methyl-p-bromo-styrene has particular utility as a co-monomer for preparing copolymers exhibiting a flame retardancy.

Abstract: A thermally-staged process for preparing polymers, particularly alternating interpolymers of one or more polar monomers and one or more mono or polyolefins which comprises: (1) reacting, in a first stage, a polar monomer-Lewis Acid complex with an olefin in the presence of an active oxygen compound at a temperature of about -100.degree.C to about 0.degree.C for a time sufficient enough to allow for conversion of up to 50% of the polar monomer to interpolymer; (2) raising the temperature of the reaction mixture, in a second stage, to about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C; (3) maintaining the reaction mixture at about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C for a time sufficient to optimize the yield of interpolymer; and (4) recovering the interpolymer from the reaction mixture.Polymers prepared by the temperature-staged process of this invention possess substantially higher molecular weights than the same polymers made by prior art processes.