Abstract: In the production of ethylene polymer and copolymer telomer waxes by vapor phase polymerization at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a free radical initiator, improved production rates of more linear wax products with reduced reactor fouling are obtained by carrying out the reaction at about 140.degree. C and utilizing 2-t-butylazo-2-cyanobutane as an initiator.

Abstract: A novel polymer of a vinyl benzyl ether monomer and at least one other copolymerizable monomer, at least one of which other monomers has a carboxylic acid group, an anhydride group, a sulfate group, a sulfonate group or a hydroxyl group is disclosed. The vinyl benzyl ether monomer has the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, m is about 10 to 100 and Y is --OR.sub.1, --SR.sub.1, ##STR2## where R.sub.1 is an alkyl, aralkyl or alkaryl hydrophobic group of 10 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group of 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group of 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, provided R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 in combination have at least 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing or copolymerizing water-soluble monomers, in a layer thickness between 2 and 100 mm, and at a temperature between 0.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., by irradiation with ultraviolet light in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, wherein the material to be polymerized contains at least 1 ppm of a water-soluble anthraquinone unsubstituted in the 1,4,5, and 8-positions and at least 10 ppm of dissolved chloride ions.

Abstract: A process for producing an aqueous dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer containing no formalin by emulsion-polymerizng ethylene and vinyl acetate and optionally other copolymerizable vinyl monomers in the presence of a redox catalyst consisting of an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, which is characterized in that a reaction product of a glyoxal compound and an alkali metal, ammonium or zinc salt of a reductive sulfur oxide is used as the reducing agent for the redox catalyst, in which process the polymerization temperature is easily controlled.

Abstract: The use of an anthraquinone sulfonate as an additive in an aqueous suspension or emulsion medium containing a vinyl chloride monomer substantially reduces the formation of polymer scale which is normally deposited on the inner walls of the polymerization vessel after a suspension or emulsion polymerization has been conducted.

Abstract: Stable, pumpable, highly concentrated aqueous suspensions of organic peroxides containing (a) nonionic emulsifiers having a maximum HLB value of 12.5 and (b) nonionic emulsifiers having a minimum HLB value of 12.5 or anionic emulsifiers.

Abstract: A starting monomer mixture containing a minor amount of a cross linking agent is precipitation polymerized in a diluent/precipitant which is an unlimited solvent for the starting monomers but is neither a solvent nor a substantial swelling agent for the resultant polymer. The resultant product falling from the polymerization contains soluble and insoluble hydrophilic polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: The novel polymers are prepared from a charge containing the following ingredients:(a) vinyl chloride;(b) from 50 ppm to 1% by weight of the total charge of at least one branching agent selected from the group of vinylic and allylic esters and amides and having at least two polymerizable double bonds in the molecule, in which branching agent the vinylic and allylic groups are linked directly the ester oxygen or amide atom, nitrogen respectively, as the case may be;(c) from 500 ppm to 5% by weight of the total charge of at least one chain transfer agent selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted aliphatic aldehydes, C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 halogenated hydrocarbons containing 3 or 4 atoms of chlorine or bromine in the molecule, sulfides and mercaptans;(d) at least one radical producing initiator.This charge is subjected to polymerization and the resultant vinyl chloride polymer is recovered from the reaction.

Abstract: Asymmetrical organic diacyl peroxide polymerization initiators having enhanced initiator efficiency and characterized by the presence of an acyclic acyl group of four or more carbon atoms having bromo or halo substitution at the alpha carbon atom, the other acyl group being different and heterosubstituted. However, when the alpha-halosubstituted acyl group is branched chain the other acyl group may be hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and allyl glycidyl ether having pendant epoxy groups, having an inherent viscosity of at least about 0.25, preferably within the range of about 0.25 to about 0.38, and an epoxy equivalent of at least about 0.65 epoxide equivalent per 100g. of polymer are provided which upon admixture with a radiation-sensitive aryldiazonium salt provide compositions which exhibit improved sensitivity, curing rates and other properties. Articles for recording and storing information from a laser source and other articles such as microfilm are derived from such compositions by subjecting a coated substrate to an energy source of sufficient intensity to decompose the radiation-sensitive catalyst and thus effect polymerization via the epoxy groups of the copolymer.

Abstract: A method of making a shaped article from particulate solid material, such as a foundry mould or core from sand, comprisesI. forming a mixture of the particles and an anaerobically-curing adhesive containing, as a curing accelerator, either an aliphatic amine having at least two primary aliphatic amino groups or a condensation product of such an amine with a ketone or with an aldehyde,Ii. forming the mixture into the desired shape, andIii. in the presence of water, causing the adhesive to cure and to bond the particles together by displacing air or other oxygen-containing gas in the environment of the shaped article with an inert gas or vapor.

Abstract: Improved pressure sensitive adhesive compositions based on acrylate ester polymers and the substrates coated therewith. The improved adhesive and cohesive properties result from the addition to the polymer of specified quinone ultraviolet sensitizers and the subsequent crosslinking thereof by exposure to an ultraviolet source.

Abstract: High molecular weight water-soluble acrylamide polymers can be produced in good yield by irradiating a solution comprising acetone, water and acrylamide with an ionizing radiation in the presence of an alkaline salt.

Abstract: A functional group containing polymer, particularly useful for producing relief images, printing plates, and photographic duplications, containing 1 to 90 mol percent of the monomer unit represented by general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sub.2 is a divalent group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine) a methoxy group, a nitro group or a methyl group; R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group or a carbamoyl group; X and Y each represents --O--, --S--, or --NR.sub.5 --; and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, a method of preparing the above described functional group containing polymer and a composition containing the functional group containing polymer.

Abstract: New aliphatic azo compounds containing an .alpha.-hydroperoxy group and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof as represented by the general structure ##STR1## processes for preparing I where M is H and R is t-aliphatic by reacting t-aliphatic azo compounds having an .alpha.-halo substituent with about an equimolar amount of sodium or hydrogen peroxide; processes for converting I where M is H to its alkali or alkaline earth metal salt by reaction with aqueous solutions of the corresponding base or with calcium or sodium hydride; and the use of these novel compounds as polymerization initiators for vinyl monomers and as curing agents for resins. For example, 2-t-butylazo-2-hydroperoxy-4-methylpentane is prepared from sodium peroxide and 2-t-butylazo-2-chloro-4-methylpentane and used to polymerize vinyl chloride and to cure unsaturated polyester resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to copolymers based on N-substituted acrylamides, N-substituted methacrylamides and N,N-disubstituted acrylamides and to a method for their manufacturing, which copolymers are prepared under conditions when the phase separation takes place. The resulting copolymer contains reactive groups and serves as the intermediate for preparation of biologically active compounds (enzymes, hormones, drugs, etc.) bonded to the polymer. The procedure according to the invention enables to prepare porous polymers suitable as separation barriers (membranes) or column packings for gel or affinity chromatography, if the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a divinyl component.

Abstract: Vinyl halide homopolymers, copolymers and graft polymers of substantially lower molecular weight are obtained when polymerization is carried out in bulk in the presence of a small concentration in the polymerization reaction mass of an aldehyde which is devoid of ethylenic and acetylenic unsaturation and which contains at least one carbon to carbon bond. The polymers are obtained without substantial lowering of the polymerization conversion rate and are characterized by excellent fusion properties and improved solubility in organic solvents, which properties render the products useful in molding, extrusion, coating and solution casting applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of crosslinkable polymers of acrylonitrile by polymerising acrylonitrile with a crosslinking component and optionally other comonomers in strongly polar organic solvents and in the presence of a peroxodisulphate and a 1,3-diketone as initiator system.

Abstract: Compounds which contain azo or peroxide linkages as well as the radical of an ultraviolet light stabilizing group are described. These compounds function as polymerization initiators which cause an ultraviolet light stabilization group to be chemically bound to the polymer.

Abstract: Ar-halo-ar(t-alkyl)styrenes, e.g., 2-chloro-4-(t-butyl)styrene, polymerize to form materials having unusually high temperature resistance. Additionally, compositions of such monomers, unsaturated polyesters and free-radical generating catalysts cure at lower temperatures and in less time than similar compositions containing conventional styrene monomers.

Abstract: Copolymers of glycidyl acrylate and allyl glycidyl ether and terpolymers derived from addition of glycidyl methacrylate to the polymerizable mixture, having an inherent viscosity within the range of about 0.09 to 0.28 and an epoxy equivalent of at least about 0.64 per 100 g. of polymer are provided which upon admixture with a catalyst which is a radiation-sensitive aryldiazonium salt of a complex halogenide, provides compositions suitable for use in a dry photopolymer positive imaging process. In the process, the polymer which is non-tacky at room temperature, together with the catalyst is applied to a substrate and exposed to an energy source for example, electromagnetic radiation through a transparency or mask. Following exposure, the coating is heated to the softening point of the unexposed portion of the coating and a powder or toner is applied thereto, the toner being adhered to only the tacky, non-exposed area of the coating, resulting in a pigmented image.

Abstract: A method of producing a polymeric material comprised of polymerizing at least one unsaturated organic compound in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of a free radical generating redox catalyst comprised of a reducing component and an oxidizing component. Said oxidizing component is a composite prepared by (A) obtaining the oxidation product of reacting p-diisopropylbenzene with oxygen and (B) removing a major portion of resulting p-diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide and unreacted monomers therefrom to effect a concentration of the remainder of the byproducts therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to the production of spinnable solutions of acrylonitrile homopolymers or acrylonitrile copolymers in which the polymerization is conducted in an organic solvent containing a catalyst system comprising an acid, e.g., sulfuric acid, a peroxodisulfate, e.g., ammonium peroxodisulfate, and a 1,3-diketone, e.g., acetyl acetone. Polymers having a good natural color and high K-values are obtained in good yields.

Abstract: A vinyl acetate copolymerizate of monomers being a free-radical polymerized copolymerizate having monomer units consisting essentially ofA. from 60% to 80% by weight of vinyl acetate units,B. from 10% to 20% by weight of units of a maleic acid diester with a straight-chained alkanol-1 having from about 8 to 10 carbon atoms,C. from 5% to 20% by weight of units of a mono-olefinically unsaturated ester having from 6 to 8 carbon atoms and a hydrophilic group, andD. from 3% to 10%, particularly 7%, by weight of crotonic acid; as well as an alcoholic solution thereof and salts thereof.

Abstract: Anaerobically hardening adhesive compositions principally composed of a polymerizable acrylic ester and an organic aerobically-inactive, anaerobically-active peroxide polymerization catalyst therefor possess improved latent adhesive properties for metals when they contain an acrylic ester-acid of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is --H or --CH.sub.3 ; R' is H, halogen, --COOH, --CN, and loweralkyl, and X is a divalent C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon group, or a mixture of such ester-acids.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical azo compounds (R").sub.3 C--N.dbd.N--R' where (R").sub.3 C-- is tert.-aliphatic and R' is --C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)(Z) or ##STR1## e.g., 1-t-butylazo-1-chlorocyclohexane, their use as vinyl polymerization initiators and polyester resin curing agents, and methods for preparing same from t-aliphatic hydrazones and t-aliphatic .alpha.-halo-substituted azoalkanes.

Abstract: Compounds which contain azo or peroxide linkages as well as the radical of an ultraviolet light stabilizing group are described. These compounds function as polymerization initiators which cause an ultraviolet light stabilization group to be chemically bound to the polymer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing carboxyl-containing hydrophilic polymeric fillers comprising polymerizing at least one carboxyl-containing monomer with a cross-linking monomer in an oxygen bearing organic solvent for the monomers and in the presence of a free radical catalyst to form a polymeric precipitate and treating the thus formed polymeric precipitate with a solution containing sodium, potassium or ammonium ions thereby transforming the same into the corresponding polymeric salt, said solvent being a non-solvent for the polymer.

Abstract: Manufacture of insoluble polyvinyl lactams in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of .alpha.- or .beta.-ketocarboxylic acids or esters thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a thermosetting powder coating composition comprising the steps of copolymerizing 5 to 25 wt.% of at least one of glycidyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate with 95 to 75 wt.% of an ethylenically unsaturated compound in a solvent having a boiling point of up to 170.degree. C to obtain a solution of copolymer, the copolymer having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 30,000 and a melt viscosity of 100 to 500 poises at 160.degree. C, uniformly dispersing a pigment into the copolymer solution, removing the solvent from the resulting mixture at a temperature of 170.degree. to 220.degree. C and reduced pressure, thereafter admixing a di- or tri-carboxylic acid cross-linking agent with the mixture with heating at a temperature of up to 120.degree. C, and pulverizing the solid mixture obtained.

Abstract: Polyester moulding and coating compositions based on polyester resins of:A. from 20 to 90% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B), of .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated polyesters, andB. from 80 to 10% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of polymerizable compounds, these polyester compositions containing, in addition to possible further additives,C. from 0.1 to 8.0% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of polymerization initiators,D. from 0.001 to 0.1% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of polymerization inhibitors,E. from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, based on the sum of components (A) and (B), of conventional accelerators,F. from 0.05 to 5.0% by weight based on the sum of components (A) and (B) of additional accelerators, and optionally,G. from 0.01 to 1.

Abstract: Manufacture of insoluble polyvinyl lactams by polymerization in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of sulfur compounds having a functionality of less than 6.

Abstract: A starting monomer mixture containing a minor amount of a cross linking agent is precipitation polymerized in a diluent/precipitant which is an unlimited solvent for the starting monomers but is neither a solvent or a substantial swelling agent for the resultant polymer. The amount of cross linking agent is maintained during polymerization at a critically low percent by volume relative to the entire polymerization mixture. The resultant product falling from the polymerization contains substantially only soluble hydrophilic polymers and copolymers.

Abstract: Four component polymerization initiators for olefinic monomers comprise (1) an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, a persulphate, a permanganate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a bichromate, a bromate, a ceric salt, an oxazirane, an organic peroxide or an organic hydroperoxide, (2) a chelate compound of a metal such as titanium, iron, vanadium, aluminum, tin, manganese, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc or bismuth in which the metal is not fully coordinated, (3) an electron donor in amount at most equal to that required to complex completely the said metal of the chelate compound, the said electron donor being for example an amine, a monoalcohol, an ether, an aldehyde, a ketone, an imine, an oxime, an amide, a sulphonamide, or a phosphonamide, and (4) a chelate complex or salt which is different from the chelate compound (2) and in which the metal may be for example, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, vanadium or tin, the degree of coordination of the said metal being different from that of the met

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester compositions which can be readily cured without the formation of gas are disclosed. The compositions contain a carbonyl-containing compound of the formula ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, branched or unbranched alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxycarboalkylene, hydroxycarbocycloalkylene or hydroxycarboalkenylene, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, aralkyl or hydroxycarboarylene; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydroxyperoxy, alkyloxy or aryloxy, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be combined to form a substituted or unsubstituted alkylenecarboxy, alkenylenecarboxy or arylenecarboxy group. Examples are maleic acid anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, formic acid and n-butyraldehyde. The carbonyl-containing compound is preferably added in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, calculated on the unsaturated polyester.

Abstract: A process for the production of vinyl chloride polymers suitable for the production of pastes, in which a mixture of water and a monomer soluble free radical yielding initiator dissolved in a solvent therefor is subjected to homogenization in the presence of a surfactant and mixed with the monomeric material to be polymerized, the monomeric material then being polymerized to form vinyl chloride polymer. None of the vinyl chloride to be polymerized is homogenized in the claimed process.

Abstract: Process for controlling the molecular weight of alternating copolymers of electron rich, i.e. ethylene and electron deficient, i.e. maleic acid monomers wherein the radical initiated polymerization takes place in a primary solvent and a secondary solvent is added to modify the molecular weight.

Abstract: Water-soluble high molecular weight polymers, useful as coagulating agents, are prepared by initiating the polymerization of acrylamide or a monovinyl monomer mixture containing a predominant amount of acrylamide in an acetone-water mixture at a temperature of not lower than 5.degree.C but of lower than 25.degree.C in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol and a catalyst, the concentration of the monomer in the polymerization reaction mixture being 15 to 30 % by weight and the concentration of acetone in the acetone-water mixture being 15 to 35 % by weight, and continuing the polymerization reaction while controlling the viscosity of the reaction system by adding a water-miscible organic solvent having a small chain transfer coefficient to the reaction system with the progress of the polymerization reaction.

Abstract: A photopolymerization co-initiator system comprises (a) about 1-30 parts of at least one carbonyl-containing compound, (b) about 1-30 parts of an organic compound containing nitrogen, phoshorus, arsenic, bismuth, or antimony, and (c) about 1-30 parts of at least one halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A method of polymerizing imide type norbornene derivatives which comprises the ring-opening polymerization of imide type norbornene derivatives containing at least one N-substituted cyclic imide group or a mixture consisting of said norbornene derivatives as the main component and cycloolefins in the presence of a catalytic system comprising organic aluminum compounds and tungsten and/or molybdenum compounds.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition suitable as a mold release surface for preparing cast articles which comprises a silane grafted poly(vinyl alcohol) prepared by the method which comprises incrementally reacting a selected silane with the poly(vinyl alcohol) characterized by having a molecular weight in the range of about 5,000 to about 150,000, by having a 4 weight percent aqueous solution viscosity at 20.degree.C in the range of about 5 to about 65 centipoises, and by containing about 70 to about 98 weight percent vinyl alcohol units.

Abstract: Hydroxy-terminated polymers of butadiene having two hydroxy groups per molecule are prepared by polymerizing butadiene in a chain transfer solvent at a temperature of from about 50.degree. to about 170.degree.C. with t-butyl beta-hydroxyethyl peroxide as an initiator.

Abstract: A propylene oxide slurry polymerization process having high catalyst efficiency comprises (A) homopolymerizing or copolymerizing propylene oxide in isobutane in the presence of a catalyst substantially soluble in isobutane, (B) separating isobutane with catalyst dissolved therein from propylene oxide polymer, and (C) recycling isobutane and dissolved catalyst for further polymerization. The catalyst comprises (1) at least one trialkylaluminum compound wherein each alkyl group contains from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, (2) at least one diketone containing from 5 to 20 carbon atoms and (3) water. The catalyst may also contain (4) at least one dialkyl ether or cycloalkyl ether containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and/or (5) at least one ether alcohol containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Viscous polybutenes of number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) in the range of about 300 to 3000 have improved reactivity with intramolecular anhydrides of unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids when reacted in the presence of rather small amounts, i.e., 5 to 200 ppm, of alpha halogen-containing, preferably chlorine or bromine-containing, aliphatic or aromatic carbonyls including acetals as additives. Use of such halogen-containing additives in the addition reaction of polybutene with said unsaturated anhydrides can reduce formation of undesired tarry product resulting from polymerization and/or thermal decomposition of the unsaturated anhydrides.