Abstract: Provided are a water-based adhesive and a preparation method thereof, and its use in an anode of a lithium battery. The method for preparing a water-based adhesive includes mixing a surfactant, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide and water to obtain a mixture system; heating the mixture system to a polymerization temperature to obtain a heated mixture system; adding an initiator into the heated mixture system and subjecting a resulting system to polymerization to obtain a linear polymer; adding a cross-linking agent into the linear polymer and subjecting a resulting mixture to cross-linking reaction to obtain a cross-linking system; cooling the cross-linking system after the cross-linking reaction is completed to obtain a cooled cross-linking system; and adjusting a pH of the cooled cross-linking system to 6-7 to obtain the water-based adhesive.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for emulsion polymerization which includes: an asymmetric compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1; an aromatic vinyl monomer; and a conjugated diene-based monomer, and a rubber compound prepared from the same. (in Chemical Formula 1, X is a C1-C10 alkoxy group.

Abstract: A binder including a metal salt of a graft copolymer, which is a polymerization product of polyvinyl alcohol, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a polymerizable monomer having a long-chain alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vinyl chloride-based polymer showing high viscosity properties in a low shear region and showing viscosity and stress decreasing properties in line with the increase of a shear rate, a method for preparing the same, and a plastisol comprising the same. Since the vinyl chloride-based polymer comprises a saponified emulsifier in a specific ratio, high viscosity properties may be shown in a low shear region, and Bingham fluid flow properties may be shown, by which viscosity and stress decrease in line with the increase of a shear rate.

Abstract: A modified vinyl alcohol polymer powder having a structural unit derived from a derivative of an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, and containing a reduced amount of methanol, and a trace amount of a component that does not dissolve in water. The present invention relates to a modified vinyl alcohol polymer powder containing a structural unit derived from a derivative (A) of an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid in a content (X) of 0.05 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, and having a degree of saponification of 80.0 mol % or more and 99.9 mol % or less, the modified vinyl alcohol polymer powder has a methanol content of 0.01 weight % or more and less than 3.0 weight %, the modified vinyl alcohol polymer powder contains 0.1 ppm or more and less than 2,000 ppm of a component that is insoluble in a 90° C., 5 weight % aqueous solution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a preparation method of homopolymer nanoparticles without using a surfactant. The homopolymer nanoparticles prepared thereby are expected to be widely used not only as a template of a semiconductor metal oxide, a drug delivery system (DDS), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a seed having vertical structural shape, but also in a high precision field such as replacement of an organic device polystyrene bead film.

Abstract: Provided are a resin blend for melt processing, a pellet and a method of preparing a resin article using the same. The resin blend may include a first resin, and a second resin having a difference in surface energy from the first resin at 25° C. of 0.1 to 35 mN/m. The resin blend can improve mechanical and surface characteristics of a resin article. Further, since coating or plating is not required for manufacturing a resin article, a manufacturing time and/or cost can be reduced, and productivity can be increased.

Abstract: Provided is a resin article having a layer-separated structure. The resin article may include a first resin layer and a second resin layer formed on the first resin layer. Also, the component of the first resin layer is detected on a surface of the second resin layer by infrared spectrometer. The resin article may have improved mechanical and surface characteristics. Further, since coating or plating is not required for manufacturing a resin article, a manufacturing time and/or cost can be reduced, and productivity can be increased.

Abstract: A hook, a hold down strap and a method for holding down an underground tank. The hook includes a base portion connectable to the hold down strap; a curved portion extending from the base portion and defining a concave receiving area having an entrance sized and configured for receiving an anchor element. The hook includes at least one hooking aid member being a flexible member or an extension member. The flexible member extends across the entrance of the concave receiving area and is sized and configured to bend from a closed position to an open position such that, when the anchor element traverses the entrance, the flexible member bends from the closed position toward the concave receiving area to the open position, thus allowing the anchor element to enter the concave receiving area. The extension member extends from the curved portion beyond the entrance of the concave receiving area.

Abstract: Methods for the synthesis and use of several variations of styrene maleic acid-based polymers and the hydrogel tissue bridges that can be formed from such polymers. Specifically, a method is disclosed for synthesizing a styrene maleic acid-based polymer that can be dissolved in DMSO and injected into the vasa deferentia of male subjects, creating a hydrogel tissue bridge. This hydrogel tissue bridge can occlude the vas deferens, thus forming an effective male contraceptive. Additionally, this male contraceptive can be reversed by injecting the lumen of the vas deferens with a basic buffer solution to dissolve and remove the hydrogel tissue bridge.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate to activating methods for initiation polymerization of methylene malonates and other polymerizable compositions. The polymerization may be activated by anionic or free radical mechanisms. Because the polymerization may occur very quickly upon contact between the activating agent and the polymerizable composition, methods are provide herein for separating or otherwise rendering the activating agent ineffective to initiate polymerization, until such a reaction is desired. The separation may be physical (separate packaging, separate application steps, encapsulation) or it may be based on latent-activation methods (activation precursors, UV activation). Products formed from the methods disclosed herein may include inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants, reactive moldings, fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composites, laminates and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-temperature-resistant fluorine-containing elastomer formed through polymerization of the comonomers: 40-80 mol % 1,1-vinylidene fluoride, 2-10 mol % tetrafluoroethylene, 10-30 mol % perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), and 1-10 mol % vulcanization monomer. The present invention further provides a preparation method of the fluorine-containing elastomer. In the present invention, on basis of a large number of experiments, the contents of the comonomers of the fluorine-containing elastomer are adjusted, so that the low temperature performance thereof is significantly improved, and the low-temperature retraction temperature TR-10<?40. Moreover, the rate of the volume change of the fluorine-containing elastomer in methanol decreases, and the oil resistance and the solvent resistance are improved, thereby improving the oil resistant performance and solvent resistant performance of the fluorine-containing elastomer.

Abstract: The present invention can provide a methacrylic resin which has excellent transparency and color and less defects such as fish eyes and thus suitable for optical films by adding (A) a polymeric dispersant represented by formula (1) below and (B) an inorganic salt and/or organic salt selected from alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts when methyl methacrylate alone or a monomer mixture containing methyl methacrylate as one component is subjected to suspension-polymerization: (n=10 to 60 mol %, m=40 to 90 mol %, R1 is hydrogen or a methyl group, R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or NH4.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions including heterocyclic organic compounds based on fused thiophene compounds, polymers based on fused thiophene compounds, and methods for making the monomers and polymer along with uses in thin film-based and other devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer having an ultra-high molecular weight, and unexpected physical properties. The ultra-high molecular weight polymer is clear, has a lower melting point, reduced crystallinity, excellent impact resistance, and a high elongation at the yield point. The ultra-high molecular weight polyvinylidene fluoride can be alone, or blended with other polymers, in final applications and articles.

Abstract: Slurry polymerization process for the preparation of a polypropylene (PP) having a decaline soluble fraction (DS) of equal or below 2.5 wt.-%, wherein (a) a Ziegler-Natta catalyst (ZN), (b) propylene and optionally ethylene and/or an C4 to C12 ?-olefin, and (c) a diluent (D) comprising a donor agent (DA), are fed into a first reactor vessel (R1) and the polymerization of said polypropylene (PP) takes place in at least said first reactor (R1).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cosmetic compositions comprising (a) at least one styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer bearing at least one group chosen from styrylpyridine and styrylpyridinium groups and (b) at least one co-film forming agent and/or at least one plasticizer. The cosmetic composition optionally further comprises at least one pigment and at least one solvent. Also disclosed herein are methods for making up and/or enhancing the appearance of a keratinous substrate comprising (1) forming a film on the keratinous substrate by applying to said keratinous substrate a cosmetic composition comprising (a) at least one styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer bearing at least one group chosen from styrylpyridine and styrylpyridinium groups and (b) at least one co-film forming agent and/or at least one plasticizer and (2) exposing the film to radiation chosen from UV and visible light radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the polymerization in an aqueous medium of monomers, and especially of fluoromonomers, using non-fluorinated surfactants; and the fluoropolymers formed therefrom. Specifically, the method of the polymerization uses one or more non-fluorinated surfactants selected from the group consisting of polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid, and salts thereof. Additionally, the use of polyvinylphosphonic acid, polyacrylic acids, polyvinyl sulfonic acid as surfactants in aqueous free radical polymerization is also novel.

Abstract: A method of making a polymer, including: heating, for a sufficient time and temperature, to polymerize a homogenous mixture including of at least one polymerizable monomer, and a solvent mixture comprised of at least a first liquid and a second liquid, the first liquid being a stronger solvent for the product polymer than the weaker second liquid, and the polymer product precipitates from the homogenous mixture during the heating, as defined herein. Also disclosed are semiconducting articles and printable inks prepared with the resulting narrow polydispersity polymers, as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymeric composition comprising a novel polymer having two or more repeat units and a terminus having the structure (1): wherein R1 represents a C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, w is a number from 1-8, X is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N), and Rd is a reactive group. The invention also relates to a process for forming a pattern using the novel polymeric composition. The invention further relates to a process of making the novel polymer.

Abstract: A porphyrin copolymer containing quinoxaline unit, preparation method and uses thereof are disclosed. The copolymer has the structural formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 are selected from C1˜C32 alkyl groups, and n is an integer between 1 and 100. The copolymer is useful in the fields of solar battery and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are catalyst compositions and polymers, i.e., propylene-based polymers, produced therefrom. The present catalyst compositions include an internal electron donor with a compounded alkoxyalkyl ester and optionally a mixed external electron donor. The present catalyst compositions improve catalyst selectivity, improve catalyst activity, and/or improve hydrogen response. Propylene-based polymer produced from the present catalyst composition has a melt flow rate greater than 10 g/10 min.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a fluoroolefin polymer from an azeotropic mixture of monomers having a constant composition, the process including the step of: contacting in a reaction zone: (i) an initiator; and (ii) an azeotropic mixture of monomers including at least one fluoroolefin and, optionally, at least one ethylenically unsaturated comonomer capable of copolymerizing therewith; wherein the contacting is carried out at a temperature, pressure and length of time sufficient to produce the fluoroolefin polymer.

Abstract: Processes for the polymerization of olefins with extracted metal carboxylate salts are provided. The polymerization processes have increased productivity and/or increased resin bulk density.

Abstract: A process for the production of a corona-treated polyolefin film comprising the gas-phase polymerization of one or more ?-olefins in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and an antistatic agent having a molecular weight higher than 500, said antistatic agent being fed at any stage of the polymerization process in an amount from 30 to 500 ppm weight based on the weight of the produced polyolefin.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for manufacturing an aqueous formulation containing at least one oil, and comprising the steps of mixing at least one associative polymer, one oil, and water, encapsulating the oil by increasing the pH to a value greater than 8, potentially precipitating the mixture by reducing the pH to a value less than 6, and potentially isolating the resulting particles by removing the water. The aqueous formulations, as with the aqueous dispersions, and the resulting solid particles constitute other objects of the invention.

Abstract: A nitrile group-containing highly saturated copolymer rubber having an iodine value of 80 or less and containing a caprate in 0.01 to 0.4 wt %. Preferably, the caprate is an alkaline earth metal caprate or Group XIII metal caprate. According to present invention, it is possible to provide a nitrile group-containing highly saturated copolymer rubber improved in mold fouling resistance while maintaining good normal state physical properties and heat resistance when being made into a cross-linked product.

Abstract: Polyester compositions and functionalized polyester compositions are provided along with methods of making the compositions as well as methods of using the compositions, for example as a tissue engineering bioscaffold and as a drug-delivery vehicle.

Abstract: A process for catalytically preparing (meth)acrylic esters of N-hydroxyalkylated lactams and to the use thereof.

Abstract: Crosslink agents used to copolymerize at least one hydrophilic monomer with at least one lens monomer typically used to prepare polymeric materials for ophthalmic lenses. The crosslink agents have a relatively high selectivity for the hydrophilic monomer and limited reactivity with the crosslink agent used to polymerize the lens monomer. Accordingly, the invention is also directed to a hydrophilic crosslinked polymer that comprises at least two monomeric units and at least two different crosslink units. The use of the dual crosslink system provides an improved means to control the final chemical, physical and structural characteristics of the resulting polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement for gas-phase olefin polymerization process having relatively high bed bulk density. The improvement involves the use of mixed external electron donors when polymerizing propylene in a gas-phase reactor having a polymer bed with a bulk density greater than 128 kg/m3, optionally with one or more comonomers, wherein the mixed electron donor system comprises at least a first external electron donor and a second external electron donor, and wherein the first external electron donor is a carboxylate compound.

Abstract: A process for cationically polymerizing olefin monomers in a reaction mixture includes the step of contacting olefin monomers and a catalytically effective amount of an initiating composition containing (A) a heterogeneous perfluoroaryl substituted Lewis acid coinitiator selected from the group consisting of open chain and cyclic aluminoxane compounds or Group 13 perfluoroaryl Lewis acid compounds of formula (III) and (B) an initiator selected from the group consisting of (i) organic compounds, (ii) halogens, (iii) interhalogens; (iv) Brönsted acids, (v) boron halides; (vi) silicon compounds; and (vii) germanium compounds. A novel initiator system is further disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of a corona-treated polyolefin film comprising the gas-phase polymerization of one or more ?-olefins in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and an antistatic agent having a molecular weight higher than 500, said antistatic agent being fed at any stage of the polymerization process in an amount from 30 to 500 ppm weight based on the weight of the produced polyolefin

Abstract: The present invention describes the synthesis of new fluorinated elastomers with very low glass transition temperatures (Tg), a good resistance to bases, gasoline and other carburants and good workability properties, these elastomers contain hexafluoropropene (HFP), perfluoro(4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene) sulfonyl fluoride (PFSO2F), vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and/or at least one fluorinated alkene and/or one vinyl perfluorinated ether. In a precise case, they are prepared by radical polymerisation of HFP and PFSO2F or by radical terpolymerisation HFP, PFSO2F and VDF in the presence of different organic initiator, such as peroxides, peresters or diazo compounds.

Abstract: A method of making a polymer, including: heating, for a sufficient time and temperature, to polymerize a homogenous mixture including of at least one polymerizable monomer, and a solvent mixture comprised of at least a first liquid and a second liquid, the first liquid being a stronger solvent for the product polymer than the weaker second liquid, and the polymer product precipitates from the homogenous mixture during the heating, as defined herein. Also disclosed are semiconducting articles and printable inks prepared with the resulting narrow polydispersity polymers, as defined herein.

Abstract: Provided is a binder for secondary battery electrodes comprising polymer particles obtained by polymerizing (a) a (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer; (b) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an acrylate monomer, a vinyl monomer and a nitrile monomer; and (c) a (meth)acrylamide monomer and an unsaturated monocarbonic acid monomer, with two or more cross-linking agents with different molecular weights. Based on the combination of specific components, the binder basically improves stability of an electrode in the process of fabricating the electrode, thus providing secondary batteries with superior cycle properties.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for a process and polymerization system to produce isoolefin polymers (72) utilizing polymorphogenates (16, 26) in the catalyst system to control polydispersity (MWD). The disclosure also provides a catalyst system (20) comprising a plurality of active catalyst complex species (34) formed by combination of a Lewis acid (24), an initiator (22) and a polymorphogenate (26), as well as polymers made using the catalyst system or process. The polymorphogenate (16, 26) can promote or mimic the formation of different active catalyst complex species (34) having different polymerization rates, i.e. different rates of propagation, chain transfer, or termination, as observed by different polydispersities resulting from the presence of relatively different proportions of the polymorphogenate.

Abstract: Styrenic (meth)acrylic oligomers that are prepared at lower temperature than conventional solid grade oligomers, or are hydrogenated, contain fewer terminal vinylic unsaturations, when compared to such conventional styrenic (meth)acrylic oligomers prepared by the customary high temperature processes. Styrenic (meth)acrylic oligomers that contain fewer terminal vinylic unsaturations demonstrate improved thermal stability and may provide improved resistance to UV weathering compared to the conventional and non-hydrogenated styrenic (meth)acrylic oligomers.

Abstract: Various novel block cationomers comprising polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) segments have been synthesized and characterized. The specific targets were various molecular weight diblocks (PDMAEMA+) and triblocks (PDMAEMA+-b-PIB-b-PDMAEMA+) with the PIB blocks in the DPn=50-200 (Mn=3,000-9,000 g/mol) range connected to blocks of PDMAEMA+ cations in the DPn=5-20 range. The overall synthetic strategy for the preparation of these block cationomers comprised four steps: 1) Synthesis by living cationic polymerization of mono- and di-allyltelechelic polyisobutylenes, 2) End group transformation to obtain PIBs fitted with termini capable of mediating the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of DMAEMA, 3) ATRP of DMAEMA and 4) Quaternization of PDMAEMA to PDMAEMA+I? by CH3I. Kinetic and model experiments provided guidance to develop convenient synthesis methods.

Abstract: The present invention relate to a packaged peroxide formulation which comprises a container and a liquid peroxide formulation, wherein: said container has a volume of at least 50 litres, said liquid peroxide formulation comprises (i) 51 to 59 wt % of an organic peroxides selected from the group consisting of peroxyesters, their derivatives, and mixtures thereof, and (ii) optionally an additive selected from the group consisting of a phlegmatiser. The invention also relates to a method to safely produce, handle and transport a packaged organic peroxide formulations as defined above.

Abstract: Crosslink agents used to copolymerize at least one hydrophilic monomer with at least one lens monomer typically used to prepare polymeric materials for ophthalmic lenses. The crosslink agents have a relatively high selectivity for the hydrophilic monomer and limited reactivity with the crosslink agent used to polymerize the lens monomer. Accordingly, the invention is also directed to a hydrophilic crosslinked polymer that comprises at least two monomeric units and at least two different crosslink units. The use of the dual crosslink system provides an improved means to control the final chemical, physical and structural characteristics of the resulting polymer.

Abstract: Preparation of high-reactivity isobutene homo- or copolymers with a content of terminal vinylidene double bonds per polyisobutene chain end of at least 50 mol % and a polydispersity of preferably 1.05 to less than 3.5, by polymerizing isobutene or an isobutene-comprising monomer mixture in the presence of an aluminum trihalide-donor complex effective as a polymerization catalyst or of an alkylaluminum halide-donor complex, especially of an aluminum trichloride-donor complex, said complex comprising, as the donor, an organic compound with at least one ether function or a carboxylic ester function.

Abstract: A continuous production process, for producing an (meth)acrylic ester (co)polymer comprises the step of continuously feeding an organoaluminum compound-containing polymerization initiator solution and an (meth)acrylic ester into a reactor to continuously obtain a living polymer-containing polymer reaction liquid. The {[molar quantity of methacrylic ester or acrylic ester]/([molar quantity of organoaluminum compound]?[molar quantity of polymerization initiator])} fed into the reactor is regulated to be 15 to 80, and the content of the (meth)acrylic ester in the total feed amount of a polymerization initiator solution and an (meth)acrylic ester fed into the reactor is regulated to not more than 5% by mass.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copolymer composition A) by free-radical copolymerization of a monomer composition comprising: a) acrylic acid, b) optionally at least one compound, different from a), having a free-radically polymerizable, ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated double bond and at least one anionogenic and/or anionic group per molecule, c) at least one free-radically polymerizable crosslinking compound which comprises at least two ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated double bonds per molecule. The process is performed by precipitation polymerization in the presence of an auxiliary composition H) comprising H1) glycerol monostearate, and H2) at least one compound with an HLB value in the range from 4 to 10, selected from water-insoluble natural waxes, nonionic emulsifiers and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition suitable as an electric material and the like used in an electric circuit board, which comprises a norbornene monomer, a metathesis polymerization catalyst, and a chain transfer agent composed of a compound represented by formula (A): CH2?CH—Y—OCO—CR1?CH2 wherein Y represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. By further comprising a crosslinking agent in the polymerizable composition, obtaining a crosslinkable resin by carrying out bulk polymerization, and crosslinking the crosslinkable resin to obtain a molded article and a crosslinked resin composite having excellent characteristics such as electric insulation, adhesion, mechanical strength, heat resistance, dielectric properties and the like.

Abstract: The invention consists in the use, as a thickening agent of an aqueous formulation which is, notably, salt-rich, of a water-soluble or alkali-soluble copolymer consisting of (by weight): a) 30% to 45% of (meth)acrylic acid, b) 50% to 60% of acrylamide and/or of N-methylol and/or of an acrylic ester, c) 2% to 10% of a hydrophobic monomer of formula R1—(R2O)m—R3, in which: R1 designates a polymerisable unsaturated group, R2O designates an alkylene oxide group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is an integer of between 20 and 50, R3 designates a linear alkyl chain comprising at least 16 and at most 26 carbon atoms, d) 0.1% to 4% of at least one cross-linking agent, which is preferentially ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (EDMA).

Abstract: The invention relates to catalyst compositions including at least one catalyst compound and at least one continuity additive such as poly-oxo-metal carboxylate compound and their use in the polymerization of olefins.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for a process and polymerization system to produce isoolefin polymers (72) utilizing polymorphogenates (16, 26) in the catalyst system to control polydispersity (MWD). The disclosure also provides a catalyst system (20) comprising a plurality of active catalyst complex species (34) formed by combination of a Lewis acid (24), an initiator (22) and a polymorphogenate (26), as well as polymers made using the catalyst system or process. The polymorphogenate (16, 26) can promote or mimic the formation of different active catalyst complex species (34) having different polymerization rates, i.e. different rates of propagation, chain transfer, or termination, as observed by different polydispersities resulting from the presence of relatively different proportions of the polymorphogenate.

Abstract: A method of polymerizing poly(cyclic)olefin monomers encompassing (a) combining a monomer composition containing the poly(cyclic)olefin monomers, a non-olefinic chain transfer agent and an activator compound to form a mixture; (b) heating the mixture; and (c) adding a polymerization catalyst containing Ni and/or Pd. The non-olefinic chain transfer agent includes one or more compounds selected from H2, alkylsilanes, alkylalkoxysilanes, alkylgermanes, alkylalkoxygermanes, alkylstannanes, and alkylalkoxystannanes. The activator is characterized as having an active hydrogen with a pKa of at least 5. The resulting poly(cyclic)olefin polymers can be used in photoresist compositions.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the invention is alkoxyamines resulting from ?-phosphorated nitroxides corresponding to the formula: in which R represents an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 3, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a residue: in which R3 represents an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 20, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 8, a phenyl radical, an alkali metal, such as Li, Na or K, H4N+, Bu4N+ or Bu3HN+, exhibiting a kinetic dissociation constant kd, measured at 120° C. by EPR, of greater than 0.05 s?1. These compounds can be used as initiators for the (co)polymerizations of at least one monomer which can be polymerized by the radical route.