Abstract: Thermally coalescible acrylic resin dispersions comprising particles of single-phase, surfactant-free, random acrylic polymers or copolymers, containing at least 80% by weight of acrylic units, dispersed in a surfactant-free medium that comprises a compatible liquid plasticizer that is nonvolatile at room temperature and is not a monomer of any of the polymeric components. Incorporation of a photopolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated compound provides photosensitive dispersions useful for making relief and planographic printing plates, photoresists, and the like.

Abstract: Polymeric products containing cationic salt groups, their method of polymerization and their use in coating applications are disclosed. The dispersions are prepared by dispersing in water an at least partially neutralized amine group-containing polymer followed by adding a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer composition to the dispersion and subjecting the dispersion to addition polymerization conditions. The resultant dispersions are useful in coating applications.

Abstract: A water and oil repellent essentially consisting of a copolymer comprising units of (a) at least one of fluoroalkyl group-containing polymerizable compounds and of (b) at least one of 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl acrylate and methacrylate of the formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CRCOOCH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 Clwherein R is hydrogen or methyl, which is highly resistant to laundering and dry cleaning.

Abstract: This invention relates to a screen printable, opaque legend ink composition curable on exposure to radiation, e.g., UV radiation in the presence of a photoinitiator or high energy ionizing radiation comprising(a) 15 to 40% by weight of an allyl terminated polyene which is the reaction product of an epoxide and an unsaturated amine,(b) 5 to 25% by weight of a cocurable allyl terminated polyene having a molecular weight of less than 500 selected from the group consisting of diallyl phthalate, triallyl isocyanurate, diallyl adipate, diallyl azelate, diallyl sebacate, diallyl itaconate, diallyl maleate, diallyl chlorendate, diallyl malate and triallyl cyanurate,(c) 15 to 45% by weight of a polythiol having a molecular weight in the range from about 94 to 20,000 of the general formula: R.sub.8 --(SH).sub.n wherein R.sub.8 is a polyvalent organic moiety free from reactive carbon-to-carbon unsaturation and n is at least 2 and(d) a pigment member of the group consisting of 0.5 to 25% by weight of zinc sulfide and 0.

Abstract: An acrylic resin having resistance to crazing or crack formation when brought into contact with an organic solvent may be prepared by polymerizing or copolymerizing a monomer or monomers comprising (1) 50 to 100 wt. % of methyl methacrylate and (2) 0 to 50 wt. % of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of an acrylic ester and a methacrylic acid ester, and adding a chain transfer agent after initiation and prior to completion of the polymerization. The acrylic resins have an intrinsic viscosity of 0.028 to 0.117 liters per gram, and a ratio of weight-average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight of 2.3 to 6.0.

Abstract: A process for the bulk or suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, in the presence of a redox catalyst system consisting of a peroxyester or a diacyl peroxide and a stannous or antimony (III) mercaptide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing prepolymers based on vinyl monomers such as methacrylic acid esters, or a mixture of esters of methacrylic and acrylic acids, or styrene, or a mixture of styrene with methacrylic acid esters. The method consists in conducting mass polymerization of said vinyl monomers at a temperature of 90.degree. to 160.degree. C. in air, or in oxygen-enriched air, or in an inert gas medium in the presence of an initiating system. The system is made of a mixture consisting of:(1) peresters of the general formula ##STR1## where R is aryl, alkyl, isoalkyl, methyl carbitol, phenyl carbitol or benzyl carbitol in an amount of 0.05-0.3 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of a vinyl monomer and(2) the following components:(a) sulfur-containing organic acids with bivalent sulfur in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. parts per 100 wt. parts of a vinyl monomer, or(b) esters of sulfur-containing organic acids with bivalent sulfur in an amount of 0.2-3.0 wt. parts per 100 wt.

Abstract: A method of preparing a resin by free radical emulsion polymerizing a monomer mixture comprised of (A) a water soluble bifunctional monomer, (B) a hard segment hydrophobic enhancing monomer, (C) optionally, a soft segment hydrophobic enhancing monomer, and (D) a hydrophilic enhancing organic acid. The particular advantage in the invention is the utilization of the water soluble bifunctional monomer which has the purpose of essentially eliminating the necessity of additional emulsifying agents. The resin prepared thereby is designed to be suitable for a water reducible composition.

Abstract: There is provided a synthetic polymer useful as a thickener in aqueous compositions. The polymer preferably comprises the reaction product of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate in certain specified proportions. The thickener is particularly effective in latex paint formulations.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method for the partial polymerization of at least one vinyl monomer to form a mixture of said monomer with a polymer thereof, which comprises initiating polymerization of said monomer with a percarbonic acid ester and inhibiting further polymerization when the desired mixture is formed by addition thereto of a thioether, an organic disulfide, or a mercaptan, as are the partially-polymerized mixtures so produced, and their use for forming an organic glass by further polymerization thereof.

Abstract: A rubbery copolymer of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile, if desired, with a tensile strength of about 50 to about 100 psig containing a minor amount of styrene, particularly in combination with selective tackifier resins. Said copolymer is preferably prepared by a step-wise aqueous emulsion polymerization with styrene and modifier being incrementally added. Said rubbery copolymer/tackifier mixture is particularly useful as an adhesive.

Abstract: In casting methacrylate sheets for thermoforming applications, it has heretofore been the practice to add chain transfer agents to the polymerization mix for forming syrup. It has now been found that addition of chain transfer agent can be delayed until after the syrup has been prepared with no loss in thermoformability of sheets prepared from the syrup.

Abstract: A process for preparing multifunctional acrylate modified-vinyl ester-alkyl acrylate/methacrylate copolymer coagulum-free latex is disclosed which comprises emulsion-polymerizing a non-pre-emulsified mixture of:(i) from about 40% to about 95% based on total weight of comonomers of a vinyl ester,(ii) from about 5% to about 35% based on total weight of comonomers of an ester derived from the reaction of a monohydric alcohol and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and(iii) from about 0.5% to about 10.0% based on total weight of comonomers of an ester derived from the reaction of a polyhydric alcohol and an acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, there being at least two hydroxyl groups of the alcohol esterified with the acid,In the presence of a free radical polymerization catalyst and a chain transfer agent.

Abstract: In the aqueous emulsion free radical polymerization of dienes and copolymerization of dienes and vinyl monomers using mercaptan modifiers there is added at at least 75% conversion a large amount of mercaptan modifier as compared to that previously added and the polymerization is stopped at about 90-99+% conversion to provide processable polymers having a reduced amount of or no gel.

Abstract: An aqueous latex, having high colloidal stability against coagulation upon addition thereto of ionic materials and having excellent adhesive characteristics for bonding metal foil to paper to form laminates, is prepared by polymerizing, in an emulsion substantially free of carboxylate soaps, (1) an aqueous suspension of chloroprene monomer optionally containing about 0.4 to 10 mole percent of alpha, beta-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, based on the total monomer content, (2) in the presence of (a) about 3-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and (b) about 0.3-2 parts of an organic, sulfur-containing chain-transfer agent of the group consisting of dialkyl xanthogen disulfides and alkyl mercaptans, both (a) and (b) being expressed in parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of monomer (1). The polymer so produced contains 10-95% gel polymer, and the polyvinyl alcohol is present therein in a form such that it is not completely recoverable by extraction with water.

Abstract: Copolymers of at least two acrylate monomers such as isobutyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, an organic acid or acid anhydride, and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone are prepared by emulsion polymerization. The polymer is then coagulated and dried, and dry resin is mixed with a water miscible coalescing solvent and a volatile amine. The amine-treated resin is water reducible and when used as a coating resin produces coatings of unusual water resistance and adhesion to metal surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid thermoplastic acrylic copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 30,000 for the use as a material for powder paint capable of forming a smooth surface which is produced by copolymerizing, preferably in a suspension copolymerization method, comprising(1) 3 to 30% by weight of at least one comonomer of the formula (I'): ##STR1## (2) 1 to 50% by weight of at least one comonomer selected from the compounds of the formulae (II') and (III'): ##STR2## and (3) 20 to 96% by weight of at least one comonomer of the formula (IV'): ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.1a and R.sub.1b are respectively a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group of C.sub.1-8 or a cycloalkyl group of C.sub.6-8, R.sub.3 is an alkylene group of C.sub.2-6, R.sub.4 is an aliphatic group of C.sub.2-12 optionally containing a carboxyl group or an aromatic group of C.sub.6-12 optionally containing a carboxyl group, R.sub.5 is an aliphatic group of C.sub.

Abstract: A co-polymer comprised of butadiene and carboranyl methacrylate is disclo along with a method for preparation. The co-polymer is used as a combination plasticizer and catalyst for solid propellants. It is prepared by an emulsion polymerization process.

Abstract: Bis(1,3-dienyl)dialkyltin, lead, and germanium compounds employed in the aqueous emulsion polymerization of conjugated dienes, optionally with vinyl comonomers, provide polymers with sufficiently high Mooney viscosity values as to be readily handled in plant operations, yet which exhibit controlled breakdown under milling to lower Mooney values suitable, for a variety of uses.

Abstract: Molecular weight control is achieved in the production of acrylonitrile copolymers by means of an acid-activated mercaptan chain transfer agent.

Abstract: The novel polymers are prepared from a charge containing the following ingredients:(a) vinyl chloride;(b) from 50 ppm to 1% by weight of the total charge of at least one branching agent selected from the group of vinylic and allylic esters and amides and having at least two polymerizable double bonds in the molecule, in which branching agent the vinylic and allylic groups are linked directly the ester oxygen or amide atom, nitrogen respectively, as the case may be;(c) from 500 ppm to 5% by weight of the total charge of at least one chain transfer agent selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and substituted aliphatic aldehydes, C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 halogenated hydrocarbons containing 3 or 4 atoms of chlorine or bromine in the molecule, sulfides and mercaptans;(d) at least one radical producing initiator.This charge is subjected to polymerization and the resultant vinyl chloride polymer is recovered from the reaction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of reactive copolymers by bulk- or solution polymerizing a material composed of a monomeric mixture consisting of at least one glycidyl group-containing monomer and at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith and a chain transfer agent in a stirred-tank reactor, and withdrawing from the reactor a liquid which contains the reactive copolymer in an amount equal to the feed. The process is improved by removing from the reaction liquid together with the reactive copolymer the adduct formed in the liquid by the reaction of the chain transfer agent with the monomers. The residue is then liquefied and directly recycled to the reactor.

Abstract: Improved monovinyl aromatic monomer-acrylonitrile copolymers are prepared by polymerizing at temperatures above 80.degree. C in the presence of certain free radical initiators, the resultant polymers are prepared at high rates of conversion, have relatively high heat distortion temperatures, have a low oligomer content and generate relatively little additional acrylonitrile under fabrication conditions.

Abstract: Chloroprene is polymerized in the presence of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or is a radical the same as ##STR2## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or hydrogen with at least one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 not being hydrogen and n is 1 to 4.

Abstract: A process which comprises producing a uniform copolymer of acrylonitrile and at least one faster-reacting aromatic olefine containing 50-95% molar of acrylonitrile units wherein the polymerization is conducted in the presence of at least one thiol as chain-transfer agent and the reaction medium is maintained at pH .ltoreq. 4.5, e.g. by using dilute sulphuric acid.

Abstract: A rubbery copolymer of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile, if desired, with a tensile strength of about 50 to about 100 psig containing a minor amount of styrene, particularly in combination with selective tackifier resins. Said copolymer is preferably prepared by a step-wise aqueous emulsion polymerization with styrene and modifier being incrementally added. Said rubbery copolymer/tackifier mixture is particularly useful as an adhesive.

Abstract: Bis(1,3-dienyl)dialkyltin, lead, and germanium compounds employed in the aqueous emulsion polymerization of conjugated dienes, optionally with vinyl comonomers, provide polymers with sufficiently high Mooney viscosity values as to be readily handled in plant operations, yet which exhibit controlled breakdown under milling to lower Mooney values suitable, for a variety of uses.

Abstract: Homopolymers and mixed polymers of tetrachloroethoxyethyl esters, in particular of tetrachloroethoxyethyl acrylates and tetrachloroethoxyethyl methacrylates having the general formula ##STR1## WHEREIN X is a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and CH.sub.3 radical. Homopolymers and mixed polymers of tetrachloroethoxyethyl esters with vinyl and/or diene compounds. Method for preparation of these homopolymers and mixed polymers.

Abstract: A method is provided for the production of homogeneous copolymers from monomers having differing reaction rates; in particular copolymers of acrylonitrile or of vinylidene chloride are disclosed. The monomers are fed to the reaction mixture at a rate sufficient to maintain a constant monomer ratio in the reaction mixture throughout the course of the reaction, the rate of addition being determined by the rate of evolution of heat as measured by the rate that a cooling system removes heat evolved by the reaction. An injection-mouldable copolymer consisting essentially of acrylonitrile units and uniformly distributed units of styrene or .alpha.-methyl styrene may be produced in this way. Films of the copolymer can be oriented by stretching at 90.degree.-140.degree. C. Its softening point may be increased by copolymerizing a minor amount of N-aryl maleimide.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile copolymers having controlled molecular weight are prepared using a synergistic mixture of mercaptan and certain hydrocarbons as chain transfer agent.

Abstract: Initial depletion of organosulfur molecular weight regulator during initial polymerization conversion in emulsion polymerization systems employing coagitated mixtures of emulsifiers and organosulfur molecular weight regulators is reduced by coagitating in the presence of an additive which is monomer-soluble diluent a portion of polymerizable monomer prior to use of the coagitated admixture in the emulsion polymerization systems.

Abstract: An initiator, particularly useful for anaerobic compositions and replacing the commonly used hydroperoxides, having the formula ##STR1## In a preferred embodiment, R is a lower alkyl group, and R' is hydrogen and Q is a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile polymers of improved whiteness and thermal stability are provided by polymerizing acrylonitrile alone or with a comonomer in an aqueous medium, in the presence of a water-insoluble mercaptan, together with a redox catalyst comprising sulfurous acid or a salt thereof and nitrous acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: This polymer comprises (a) about 15 to 5 weight percent of units from at least one nitrile monomer of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or methyl; (b) about 75 to 90 weight percent of units from vinylidene chloride, and (c) about 10 to 5 weight percent of units from at least one acrylate monomer of the formula ##STR2## where R' is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R" is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for producing a chloroprene elastomer, which comprises copolymerizing in the presence of a radical catalyst 80 to 95 parts by weight of 2-chlorobutadiene-1,3 containing less than 0.95% by weight of 1-chlorobutadiene-1,3 with 5 to 20 parts by weight of 2,3-dichlorobutadiene-1,3 at a polymerization temperature of not higher than 20.degree. C in the presence of a mercaptan compound and a process for producing a vulcanized chloroprene rubber.

Abstract: A process for instantaneous peptization of polychloroprene latexes made by polymerizing in the presence of sulfur and a modifying agent such as iodoform or a dialkylxanthogen disulfide, by adding a suitable thiol at a pH at least equal to 9.

Abstract: A rubbery copolymer of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile, if desired, with a tensile strength of about 50 to about 100 psig containing a minor amount of styrene, particularly in combination with selective tackifier resins. Said copolymer is preferably prepared by a step-wise aqueous emulsion polymerization with styrene and modifier being incrementally added. Said rubbery copolymer/tackifier mixture is particularly useful as an adhesive.

Abstract: Emulsions of ethylene homopolymer and/or copolymers are provided which are remarkably clear and have a light transmission of at least about 95%, and contain particles which have an average size no greater than about 100 angstrom units. These emulsions are produced by polymerizing ethylene, or ethylene with at least one other alpha unsaturated monomer in aqueous medium in the presence of an effective amount of a water soluble persulfate initiator, from about 2 to about 5 percent by weight based on the aqueous medium of an alkyl aryl sulfonate surfactant, and from about 0.3 to about 0.7 percent by weight based on the aqueous medium of an alkyl mercaptan. The resulting clear emulsions are combined with clear polish latexes such as acrylic latexes to form clear polish compositions.