Material Contains Free Oxygen, Air, Or Ozone Patents (Class 526/235)
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Patent number: 10150826Abstract: A process for preparing an ethylene copolymer in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiator at pressures from 150 MPa to 350 MPa and temperatures from 100° C. to 350° C., by copolymerizing ethylene and a comonomer having a C?C bond and optionally further comonomers, wherein the comonomer having the C?C bond is represented by formula wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl; X1 is —CO—O— or —CO—NH—; R2 is —CH2—O—, —O—CO—, —Si(CH3)2—, —Si(CH3)2—O— or —CR5R6— wherein R5 and R6 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl and hydroxyl; n is an integer from 1 to 32 and R2 is same or different from each other when n is 2 to 32; and R3 is —C?C— and R4 is hydrogen, C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C10 linear or branched hydroxyalkyl or phenyl, or the unit R3-R4 stands for wherein X2 is F, Cl, Br or I.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 2015Date of Patent: December 11, 2018Assignees: SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES B.V., TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄTInventors: Jan Nicolaas Eddy Duchateau, Peter Neuteboom, Diego Mauricio Castaneda Zuniga, Markus Busch, Sebastian Bruno Fries
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Patent number: 9957373Abstract: A method for crosslinking a copolymer of ethylene and at least one other monomer using an organic peroxide represented by Formula (1): wherein R1 is either a methyl or an ethyl group and wherein (i) R1 is a methyl group, R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted with groups containing O, Si, P, S, SO— or SO2 functionalities; (ii) if R1 is an ethyl group, R2 is an alkyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms optionally substituted with groups containing O, Si, P, S, SO— or SO2 functionalities.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 2014Date of Patent: May 1, 2018Assignee: AKZO NOBEL CHEMICALS INTERNATIONAL B.V.Inventors: Tadanaga Itou, Koichi Tateishi
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Patent number: 8951637Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing water-absorbent resin particles which show an excellent water absorption rate and high equilibrium swelling capacity and which have an appropriate particle size to be excellent in handleability, and water-absorbent resin particles obtained by the method.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 2010Date of Patent: February 10, 2015Assignee: Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.Inventors: Atsushi Heguri, Kenji Tanimura, Yuichi Onoda
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Patent number: 8946360Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuously preparing polymer by RAFT solution polymerization, the process comprising: introducing into a flow reactor a reaction solution comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, RAFT agent, non-reactive solvent and free radical initiator; and promoting RAFT polymerization of the one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers within the reactor so as to form a polymer solution that flows out of the reactor.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 2011Date of Patent: February 3, 2015Assignee: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationInventors: John Chiefari, Christian Hornung, Simon Saubern
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Patent number: 8900707Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing water-absorbent resin particles which show an excellent water absorption rate and high equilibrium swelling capacity and which have an appropriate particle size to be excellent in handleability, and water-absorbent resin particles obtained by the method.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 2010Date of Patent: December 2, 2014Assignee: Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.Inventors: Atsushi Heguri, Kenji Tanimura, Yuichi Onoda
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Patent number: 8840965Abstract: In various embodiments, provided are silicon-containing coatings; silicon-containing coatings comprising microstructures that are responsive to one or more stimuli; oxidized products of said silicon-containing coatings; bulk solids; oxidized solids and powders; methods of preparing such coatings, solids, and powders; and substrates comprising the provided coatings.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 2011Date of Patent: September 23, 2014Assignee: Dow Corning CorporationInventors: Dongchan Ahn, Jeremy M. Beebe
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Publication number: 20140110636Abstract: A method of synthesizing conductive polymer nanoparticles is provided. In addition, stabilized conductive polymer nanoparticles are provided as are stabilized nanoparticles.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 7, 2012Publication date: April 24, 2014Applicant: NDSU RESEARCH FOUNDATIONInventors: Christopher A. Vetter, Victoria J. Gelling
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Patent number: 8362165Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a high-quality polymer microparticle having uniform particle size of the order of several micrometers to tens of micrometers by inverse suspension polymerization at high productivity while keeping excellent dispersion stability without causing aggregation among particles. The process is one for the production of polymer microparticles by inverse polymerization of a vinyl monomer and is characterized in that the inverse suspension polymerization is conducted dividing at least two steps, an oil-soluble oxidizing agent and a water-soluble reducing agent are used as a polymerization initiator, and the oil-soluble oxidizing agent is fed after the water-soluble reducing agent is fed.Type: GrantFiled: January 20, 2009Date of Patent: January 29, 2013Assignee: Toagosei Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akihiro Gotou, Hideo Matsuzaki
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Patent number: 8362166Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing high-quality polymer microparticles having uniform particle size of the order of several micrometers to tens of micrometers by inverse suspension polymerization at high productivity while keeping excellent dispersion stability without causing aggregation among particles. The process is one for the production of polymer microparticles by inverse polymerization of a vinyl monomer and is characterized in that an oil-soluble oxidizing agent and a water-soluble reducing agent are used as a polymerization initiator and the oil-soluble oxidizing agent is fed after the water-soluble reducing agent is fed.Type: GrantFiled: January 20, 2009Date of Patent: January 29, 2013Assignee: Taogosei Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akihiro Gotou, Hideo Matsuzaki, Shinji Hibino
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Patent number: 8314192Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an interpenetrating polymer network structure, which comprises the steps of impregnating a polymer molding with a radical polymerizable composition containing an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a radical polymerization initiator; and polymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated compound in a swollen state of the polymer molding impregnated with the radical polymerizable composition; wherein a chain transfer agent and/or a radical polymerization inhibitor are added to the radical polymerizable composition and/or the polymer molding before impregnating the polymer molding with the radical polymerizable composition. According to the present invention, a highly uniform interpenetrating polymer network structure can be obtained.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 2006Date of Patent: November 20, 2012Assignee: Toray Industries, Inc.Inventors: Norikazu Tabata, Kazuhiko Hashisaka, Masahiro Sugimura, Takuo Sakamoto, Masaki Ue, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Seiji Fukuda
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Patent number: 8299207Abstract: A process for removing residual monomers from water-absorbing polymer particles, wherein the water-absorbing polymer particles are thermally aftertreated in a mixer with rotating mixing tools at a temperature of at least 60° C. in the presence of water vapor.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 2011Date of Patent: October 30, 2012Assignee: BASF SEInventors: Robert Wengeler, Karin Flore
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Patent number: 8288491Abstract: A process for producing high-quality polymer microparticles having uniform particle size of the order of several micrometers to tens of micrometers by inverse suspension polymerization at high productivity while keeping excellent dispersion stability without causing aggregation among particles. The inverse suspension polymerization involves a vinyl monomer and is performed in at least two steps. A water-soluble oxidizing agent and a water-soluble reducing agent are used as a polymerization initiator, and the water-soluble reducing agent is fed after the water-soluble oxidizing agent is fed.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 2009Date of Patent: October 16, 2012Assignee: Toagosei Co. Ltd.Inventors: Akihiro Gotou, Hideo Matsuzaki, Tomotaka Mizuno
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Patent number: 8178465Abstract: The disclosure provides for a process and polymerization system to produce isoolefin polymers (72) utilizing polymorphogenates (16, 26) in the catalyst system to control polydispersity (MWD). The disclosure also provides a catalyst system (20) comprising a plurality of active catalyst complex species (34) formed by combination of a Lewis acid (24), an initiator (22) and a polymorphogenate (26), as well as polymers made using the catalyst system or process. The polymorphogenate (16, 26) can promote or mimic the formation of different active catalyst complex species (34) having different polymerization rates, i.e. different rates of propagation, chain transfer, or termination, as observed by different polydispersities resulting from the presence of relatively different proportions of the polymorphogenate.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 2011Date of Patent: May 15, 2012Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.Inventors: Timothy D. Shaffer, Michael F. McDonald, David Y. Chung, Robert N. Webb, Deborah J. Davis, Pamela J. Wright
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Publication number: 20110281195Abstract: A fuel cell adhesive comprises a polyolefin adhesive having a bonding strength sufficient to adhere two fuel cell stack components together. The bonding strength of the polyolefin adhesive is less than the cohesive strength of any of the fuel cell stack components such that two adhesively bonded fuel cell stack components can be easily separated and re-joined without causing any mechanical damages to the fuel cell stack components. The polyolefin adhesive may be prepared by polymerizing at least an ?-olefin monomer in the presence of a molecular weight controlling agent.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 12, 2010Publication date: November 17, 2011Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS, INCInventors: Timothy J. Fuller, Vindo Kumar
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Patent number: 8044158Abstract: A process for producing water-absorbing polymer particles by polymerizing droplets of a monomer solution in a surrounding gas phase, wherein the monomer solution comprises at least 0.0002% by weight of oxygen and the oxygen content of the gas phase is at least 0.5% by volume.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 2008Date of Patent: October 25, 2011Assignee: BASF SEInventors: Dennis Lösch, Marco Krüger, Uwe Stueven, Wilfried Heide, Matthias Weismantel, Stefan Blei
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Patent number: 7893176Abstract: The disclosure provides for a process and polymerization system to produce isoolefin polymers (72) utilizing polymorphogenates (16, 26) in the catalyst system to control polydispersity (MWD). The disclosure also provides a catalyst system (20) comprising a plurality of active catalyst complex species (34) formed by combination of a Lewis acid (24), an initiator (22) and a polymorphogenate (26), as well as polymers made using the catalyst system or process. The polymorphogenate (16, 26) can promote or mimic the formation of different active catalyst complex species (34) having different polymerization rates, i.e. different rates of propagation, chain transfer, or termination, as observed by different polydispersities resulting from the presence of relatively different proportions of the polymorphogenate.Type: GrantFiled: March 23, 2007Date of Patent: February 22, 2011Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.Inventors: Timothy D. Shaffer, Michael F. McDonald, David Y. Chung, Robert N. Webb, Deborah J. Davis, Pamela J. Wright
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Publication number: 20110021712Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a high-quality polymer microparticle having uniform particle size of the order of several micrometers to tens of micrometers by inverse suspension polymerization at high productivity while keeping excellent dispersion stability without causing aggregation among particles. The process is one for the production of polymer microparticles by inverse polymerization of a vinyl monomer and is characterized in that the inverse suspension polymerization is conducted dividing at least two steps, an oil-soluble oxidizing agent and a water-soluble reducing agent are used as a polymerization initiator, and the oil-soluble oxidizing agent is fed after the water-soluble reducing agent is fed.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 20, 2009Publication date: January 27, 2011Applicant: Toagosei Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akihiro Gotou, Hideo Matsuzaki
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Patent number: 7816562Abstract: The invention is amido-borate compounds containing one or more anionic amido-borate moieties comprising an organoborate anion wherein the boron atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom of ammonia or an organic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms, such as a hydrocarbyl amine, a hydrocarbyl polyamine, or an aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms, and a cationic counter ion.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 2006Date of Patent: October 19, 2010Assignee: Dow Global Technologies Inc.Inventors: Shaoguang Feng, Gary L. Jialanella, Peter Nickias, Toni Ristoski
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Patent number: 7737241Abstract: The invention is a system for initiating free radical polymerization comprising: a) in one part, one or more amido-borate compounds containing one or more anionic amido-borate moieties comprising an organoborate wherein the boron atom is bonded to a nitrogen atom of ammonia or an organic compound containing one or more nitrogen atoms, such as a hydrocarbyl amine, a hydrocarbyl polyamine, or an aromatic heterocycle containing one or more nitrogen atoms and optionally containing one or more heteroatoms or heteroatom containing functional moieties, and one or more cationic counter ions and b) in a second part, a liberating compound which reacts with the nitrogen atom(s) bound to the boron atom(s) upon contact with the amido-borate to form an organoborane radical.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 2006Date of Patent: June 15, 2010Assignee: Dow Global Technologies Inc.Inventors: Shaoguang Feng, Gary L. Jialanella, Peter Nickias, Toni Ristoski
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Patent number: 7709584Abstract: A process for preparing ethylene homopolymers and copolymers in a tubular reactor having two or more polymerization zones at temperatures of between 150° C. and 350° C. and pressures in the range from 500 to 5000 bar, using oxygen as initiator, which comprises using, as molar mass regulator, one or more aliphatic ketones of the formula I, where the variable R1 is a C1-C6-alkyl or C3-C12-cycloalkyl, ethylene homopolymers and copolymers obtainable therefrom and their user for producing injection-molded products in the cosmetics, medical and food sectors are described.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 2001Date of Patent: May 4, 2010Assignee: Basell Polyolefine GmbHInventors: Frank-Olaf Mähling, Andreas Deckers, Gernot Köhler, Axel Schmitz, Lars Wittkowski, Michael Hoppach
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Publication number: 20090069520Abstract: Provided is a method for polymerizing a polymer precursor, comprising: contacting a polymer precursor with a lithium carborane catalyst and an initiator under polymerizing conditions. A reaction solvent may be used, but is not necessary. Also provided is a method of preparing lithium carborane polymers, comprising: contacting a lithium carborane polymer precursor having a terminal alkenyl or alkynyl group with an initiator and an optional reaction solvent under polymerizing conditions. Functionalized carborane anions are also provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 4, 2006Publication date: March 12, 2009Inventors: Josef Michel, Kamesh Vyakaranam, Stefanie Korbe
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Publication number: 20080234447Abstract: The disclosure provides for a process and polymerization system to produce isoolefin polymers (72) utilizing polymorphogenates (16, 26) in the catalyst system to control polydispersity (MWD). The disclosure also provides a catalyst system (20) comprising a plurality of active catalyst complex species (34) formed by combination of a Lewis acid (24), an initiator (22) and a polymorphogenate (26), as well as polymers made using the catalyst system or process. The polymorphogenate (16, 26) can promote or mimic the formation of different active catalyst complex species (34) having different polymerization rates, i.e. different rates of propagation, chain transfer, or termination, as observed by different polydispersities resulting from the presence of relatively different proportions of the polymorphogenate.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 23, 2007Publication date: September 25, 2008Inventors: Timothy D. Shaffer, Michael F. McDonald, David Y. Chung, Robert N. Webb, Deborah J. Davis, Pamela J. Wright
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Patent number: 7057010Abstract: Process for the drying of polymers containing N or amino, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, comprising cationic N-containing groups, and suitable counterions, in which the gelled and washed polymers obtained by polymerization, crosslinkage and optionally alkylation are dried continuously using a gaseous medium under normal pressure or overpressure in a fluidized bed.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 2004Date of Patent: June 6, 2006Assignee: DSM Fine Chemcials NFG GmbH & Co KGInventors: Michael Stanek, Georg Häubl, Walter Raml, Erich Steinwender
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Patent number: 6727328Abstract: The present invention provides a process to create without mechanical agitation a zone of low shear, low turbulence flow pattern within a continuous phase liquid contained in a vessel by a continuous or periodic injection of an inert, immiscible, low density fluid, preferably gas, into the liquid to form such a flow pattern, recovering the fluid above the free surface of the liquid and, preferably, reinjecting it into the liquid. The invention is particularly useful if the continuous liquid contains a dispersed phase which should be distributed within the continuous liquid without excessive particle agglomeration or breakups in order to largely preserve the initial particle size distribution, or if the initial particle size distribution needs to be modified by controlled breakups of the largest particles, particularly during the subsequent batch processing.Type: GrantFiled: October 8, 2002Date of Patent: April 27, 2004Assignee: Nova Chemicals Inc.Inventors: Karel Cornelis Bleijenberg, Grazyna Petela
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Patent number: 6723805Abstract: A process for producing high density polyethylene (HDPE) or linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) in gas phase reactors, isolated or combined, using chromium or Ziegler-Natta catalysts, provided with on-line control of certain process variables as well as physical properties of the produced resin is described. Such process comprises the use of models for the inference of the physical properties and of the process variables that are not continuously measured as well as models which are relevant for the control of said properties and of the operating conditions of the process. The control of the process variables provides further the maximization of the production rate and of the catalyst productivity in the polymerization reaction.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 2002Date of Patent: April 20, 2004Assignee: Braskem S.A.Inventors: Antonio Luiz Duarte Braganca, Esdras Piraguacy Demoro, Artur Toledo Martins De Oliveira
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Publication number: 20040068063Abstract: The present invention provides a process to create without mechanical agitation a zone of low shear, low turbulence flow pattern within a continuous phase liquid contained in a vessel by a continuous or periodic injection of an inert, immiscible, low density fluid, preferably gas, into the liquid to form such a flow pattern, recovering the fluid above the free surface of the liquid and, preferably, reinjecting it into the liquid. The invention is particularly useful if the continuous liquid contains a dispersed phase which should be distributed within the continuous liquid without excessive particle agglomeration or breakups in order to largely preserve the initial particle size distribution, or if the initial particle size distribution needs to be modified by controlled breakups of the largest particles, particularly during the subsequent batch processing.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 8, 2002Publication date: April 8, 2004Applicant: NOVA Chemicals Inc.Inventors: Karel Cornelis Bleijenberg, Grazyna Petela
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Method for producing ethylene homopolymerizates and ethylene copolymerizates of a lower mass density
Patent number: 6569962Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for producing ethylene homopolymerizates and ethylene copolymerizates exhibiting a lower mass density of up to 0.930 g/cm3 and a melt index ranging from 0.15 to 25 g/10 min (2.16 kg; 463 K). Said polymerizates exhibit an improved processing stability and improved availability in the installation at pressures greater than 1000 bar and at temperatures of up to 603 K. The polymerizates are produced in tubular reactors in the presence of radical-forming initiators, oxygen thereunder and chain transfer agents, of which at least one comprises an aldehydic structure. According to the inventive method, chemokinetic characteristics of the reactive feed materials (thermal half-life periods, concentrations, dosing quantities) are coupled with fluidically relevant characteristics of the tubular reactor (flow rate) while taking the target product quality (melt index, flow figure) into consideration.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 2001Date of Patent: May 27, 2003Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Werner Zschoch, Juan M. Mezquita, Harald Beer, Gerd Lohse, Otto Berbee -
Publication number: 20020052456Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparation for polymers, particularly binders for powder coatings and powder coatings which are prepared as a solution in a supercritical fluid phase. Binders for powder coatings are prepared from at least two ethylenically unsaturated monomers capable of free-radical or ionic copolymerization, and conventional initiators and regulators in supercritical fluids, whereby polymerization is carried out in the homogeneous phase, and, after the reaction has ended, either the composition or the phase parameters of the mixture are altered so that at least two phases with supercritical fluid are obtained, and the phase containing predominantly polymer is separated and the polymer is separated as a powder from the sc fluid by depressurization or the polymer phase is further processed under supercritical phase conditions to the powder coating.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 23, 2001Publication date: May 2, 2002Inventors: Sabine Beuermann, Michael Buback, Michael Juergens, Eckhard Weidner, Marcus Petermann, Christian Schwede, Peter Klostermann
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Patent number: 5981830Abstract: The present invention provides a transgenic mouse comprising a disrupted hepsin gene. In particular, the invention provides methods of making the transgenic mouse comprising the disrupted hepsin gene by utilizing a hepsin targeting vector for homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. Also, nucleotide and amino acid hepsin sequences are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: December 30, 1997Date of Patent: November 9, 1999Assignees: Schering Aktiengesellschaft, Washington UniversityInventors: Qingyu Wu, Jasper E. Sadler
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Patent number: 5905023Abstract: An isolated DNA encoding a polypeptide substantially identical to maspin (SEQ ID NO:1); a substantially purified preparation of maspin; an antibody specific for maspin; and use of such DNAs and antibodies in diagnostic, screening, and therapeutic methods.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: May 18, 1999Assignee: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.Inventors: Ruth Sager, Zhiqiang Zou, Anthony Anisowicz
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Patent number: 5882855Abstract: This invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, isolated proteins which are human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, vectors comprising isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, mammalian cells comprising such vectors, antibodies directed to a human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, nucleic acid probes useful for detecting nucleic acid encoding human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, antisense oligonucleotides complementary to any sequences of a nucleic acid molecule which encodes a human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, pharmaceutical compounds related to human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor, and nonhuman transgenic animals which express DNA a normal or a mutant human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor. This invention further provides methods for determining ligand binding, detecting expression, drug screening, and treatment involving a human dopamine D.sub.1 receptor.Type: GrantFiled: October 5, 1993Date of Patent: March 16, 1999Assignee: Synaptic Pharmaceutical CorporationInventors: Richard L. Weinshank, Paul R. Hartig
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Patent number: 5872157Abstract: A process for making oxidized olefins is disclosed. Specifically, the process comprises providing an olefin and oxygen in combination in a reaction medium comprising carbon dioxide, and then oxidizing the olefin in the reaction medium to make the oxidized olefin. Preferably, a perfluoropolyether is produced by the process.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1996Date of Patent: February 16, 1999Assignee: The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillInventors: Joseph M. DeSimone, Timothy J. Romack
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Patent number: 5756606Abstract: Syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene is a thermoplastic resin which has double bonds attached in an alternating fashion to its polymeric backbone. Films, fibers and molded articles can be made utilizing syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene. It can also be blended into rubbers and cocured therewith. It is generally preferred to synthesize syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene in an aqueous medium by suspension or emulsion polymerization. In such aqueous polymerization techniques reactor fouling and particle size control problems are frequently encountered. This invention is based upon the unexpected finding that reactor fouling can be greatly reduced or eliminated and that particle size can be regulated by conducting such aqueous polymerizations in the presence of a controlled amount of dissolved oxygen which is within the range of about 0.01 ppm to about 4 ppm.Type: GrantFiled: May 22, 1997Date of Patent: May 26, 1998Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyInventor: Tang Hong Wong
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Patent number: 5548043Abstract: A one-step polymerization process for producing a bimodal resin having a distinct low molecular weight portion and a high molecular weight portion includes initiating an anionic polymerization of a monomer or monomers to produce living polymer chains, terminating a portion of the living polymer chains, and completing the polymerization of the remaining living polymer chains. The bimodal resin is useful, for example, in high gloss, low melt toner applications.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1994Date of Patent: August 20, 1996Assignee: Xerox CorporationInventors: Marko Saban, George Liebermann, Thomas B. McAneney
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Patent number: 5521268Abstract: The present invention is a process for making an electrophotographic toner binder. The toner binder has reduced mercaptan odor at elevated temperatures. The toner binder is formed by mixing monomers in a ratio that determines the final composition of the polymer or toner binder and contacting the monomers with air or oxygen. A chain transfer agent and polymerization initiator are added to the monomers. A suitable suspension polymerization type aqueous phase is prepared. The aqueous and monomer phases are blended and sheared to form monomer droplets, the mixture is suspension polymerized by heating and the aqueous phase is removed from the polymer beads.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 1995Date of Patent: May 28, 1996Assignee: Eastman Kodak CompanyInventors: Peter J. Ghyzel, Paul Mitacek, Dennis E. Smith
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Patent number: 5328972Abstract: A process for preparing polymers having molecular weights below 5,000 and polydispersity below 2.5 is provided. The polymerization is conducted in supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures of at least 200.degree. C. and pressures above 3,500 psi. The process can be continuous, semi-continuous, or batch. The polymers are useful as detergent additives, scale inhibitors, dispersants and crystal growth modifiers.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 1992Date of Patent: July 12, 1994Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventors: Emmanuel A. Dada, Willie Lau, Richard F. Merritt, Yi H. Paik, Graham Swift
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Patent number: 5239024Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alternating copolymers from unsaturated polar compounds and olefins in the presence of complexing agents, in which the complexing agent comprising the primarily formed copolymer/metal compound complex can be recovered in a simple manner and in reusable form.The copolymerization is carried out in the presence of salts, such as nitrates, but preferably halides, of divalent metal ions as the complexing agent in organic solvents at pressures of up to about 100 bar and at temperatures between -78.degree. C. and 100.degree. C. with the use of free-radical initiators.The reaction product is a mixture of the copolymer of a strictly alternating structure of unsaturated polar compounds and olefin, and of a copolymer which is higher in the unsaturated polar compound. The alternating copolymer can be easily separated therefrom by extraction with solvents, such as trichloromethane or acetone.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1990Date of Patent: August 24, 1993Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Claus D. Eisenbach, Ulrich Bulow, Wolfgang Lieberth, Hartmut Fischer
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Patent number: 5059664Abstract: A process for the preparation of water absorptive resins which comprises supplying a solution containing at least 20% by weight of a water soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer as a main component to a polymerization vessel accommodating a vapor phase comprising steam or a mixture of steam with at least one gas substantially inert with respect to polymerization, and polymerizing the monomer in the vapor phase under the relative humidity conditions in the vapor phase of 30% or more.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1989Date of Patent: October 22, 1991Assignee: Mitsubishi Petrochemical Company LimitedInventors: Shuhei Yada, Takeshi Shibano, Kiichi Itoh, Kenji Yoshinaga
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Patent number: 4742133Abstract: A liquid monomer composition comprising of at least one poly(allyl carbonate)-functional monomer is contacted with molecular oxygen to produce a liquid intermediate composition which is then heated to produce a polymerizable, liquid substantially gel-free composition which contains poly(allyl carbonate)-funtional prepolymer which has an allylic utilization of at least about 12 percent.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1985Date of Patent: May 3, 1988Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventors: Felicia Y. Tang, Robert H. Tang
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Patent number: 4550150Abstract: Process of detecting the presence of certain gases, including certain pollutants, in small concentrations; or to cause partial polymerization of certain polyacetylene compositions for use in time/temperature history indicators or radiation dosage indicators. The process involves contacting a reactive gas, such as a nitrogen oxide, a halide or ozone, with a crystalline substituted acetylenic monomer containing at least two conjugated triple bonds and substituents having at least one atom of oxygen or nitrogen. In particular the acetylenic compound is 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-bis(phenylurethane) crystallized from tetrahydrofuran or acetone.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 1980Date of Patent: October 29, 1985Assignee: Allied CorporationInventors: Gordhanbhai N. Patel, Anthony F. Preziosi, Himangshu R. Bhattacharjee, Lester T. C. Lee
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Patent number: 4351931Abstract: High molecular weight uniformly random copolymers of ethylene and acrylic or methacrylic acid containing up to 10 weight percent of the acid.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 1971Date of Patent: September 28, 1982Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: John B. Armitage
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Patent number: 4294676Abstract: Aqueous solutions of olefinically unsaturated hydrophilic monomers are deoxygenated, advantageously pH adjusted, and prepared for direct photopolymerization by photoinitiator addition and countercurrent scrubbing with an inert gas in a contactor column, preferably a packed column.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1979Date of Patent: October 13, 1981Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc IndustriesInventors: Jean Boutin, Bernard Guenot, Bruno Jamet
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Patent number: 4289864Abstract: A process is described that results in the production of a hydrophilic air-drying polymer system suitable for increasing the inter-fiber bonding in a fibrous substrate material. The process comprises passing air through a monomer maintained at a temperature below about 30.degree. C., said monomer having at least two activated unsaturations, until a desired viscosity increase has been achieved.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 1980Date of Patent: September 15, 1981Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventor: Donald N. Van Eenam
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Patent number: 4260722Abstract: A process for the continuous production of an ethylene copolymer by compressing a mixture of ethylene and comonomer in a pre-compressor and a post-compressor, copolymerizing the mixture in a polymerization zone at a high temperature and high pressure, transferring the reaction mixture into a high pressure product isolation zone, from there into a low pressure product isolation zone and thereafter into a discharge extruder, and recycling the greater part of the unconverted monomer into the polymerization process and passing a small part of the unconverted gas into a low temperature isolation zone, in which process a small part of the gas recycled from the high pressure product isolation zone is passed into the low temperature isolation zone, which is preferably under a pressure of from 10 to 30 bar and at from -10.degree. to -50.degree. C., and all the gas taken off the low pressure product isolation zone is fed to the pre-compressor.Type: GrantFiled: November 27, 1979Date of Patent: April 7, 1981Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Klaus Pfleger, Wieland Zacher, Klaus Boettcher, Ronald Skorczyk, Oskar Buechner, Franz G. Mietzner
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Patent number: 4192921Abstract: Hard, infusible, discrete beads of crosslinked copolymer are prepared by free-radical catalyzed polymerization of a monomer mixture in aqueous dispersion wherein oxygen is incorporated in the monomer mixture. Ion exchange resins having improved mechanical strength are obtained by attaching functional groups to the copolymer.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1977Date of Patent: March 11, 1980Assignee: Rohm and Haas CompanyInventor: Mark J. Dales
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Patent number: 4110527Abstract: An improved method for preparing polyvinyl chloride resins by suspension polymerization wherein the reaction vessel is placed under a limited, selected atmosphere of air, oxygen or nitrogen gas prior to charging starting vinyl chloride monomer material.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1973Date of Patent: August 29, 1978Assignee: Olin CorporationInventors: Edwin T. Chesler, Donald Goodman, Milton Lapkin
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Patent number: 4093791Abstract: An improvement in the suspension polymerization of a polymerizate containing at least 90% polyvinyl chloride by the steps of mixing monomers selected from the group consisting of vinyl chloride and mixtures of vinyl chloride with up to 10% of olefinically unsaturated compounds copolymerizable with vinyl chloride, with water in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and suspension stabilizers, heating said mixture under continuous agitation to polymerization temperatures and recovering said polymerizate. The improvement comprises utilizing a gas containing molecular oxygen as the sole catalyst or catalyst-forming substance. The so-prepared polymerizate forms sheets with a lower content of "fish eyes" and a greater heat stability.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 1975Date of Patent: June 6, 1978Assignee: Wacker-Chemie GmbHInventors: Johann Bauer, Joseph Heckmaier
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Patent number: 4000357Abstract: Ethylene is polymerized alone, or with other comonomers, under high pressure with oxygen and two or more organic initiators in a tubular reactor for the purposes of increasing the conversion of monomer to polymer and to produce polymer which has a low hexane extractables content, and which has, in the form of film, improved optical properties.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 1974Date of Patent: December 28, 1976Assignee: Union Carbide CorporationInventor: John P. Marano, Jr.
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Patent number: 3959225Abstract: A thermally-staged process for preparing polymers, particularly alternating interpolymers of one or more polar monomers and one or more mono or polyolefins which comprises: (1) reacting, in a first stage, a polar monomer-Lewis Acid complex with an olefin in the presence of an active oxygen compound at a temperature of about -100.degree.C to about 0.degree.C for a time sufficient enough to allow for conversion of up to 50% of the polar monomer to interpolymer; (2) raising the temperature of the reaction mixture, in a second stage, to about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C; (3) maintaining the reaction mixture at about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C for a time sufficient to optimize the yield of interpolymer; and (4) recovering the interpolymer from the reaction mixture.Polymers prepared by the temperature-staged process of this invention possess substantially higher molecular weights than the same polymers made by prior art processes.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1975Date of Patent: May 25, 1976Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventor: Irving Kuntz