Abstract: In the process according to the invention for the quasi-ionic polymerization of acrylic acid derivatives in organic solvents with initiators and zinc halides, the zinc halides are dissolved in the acrylic acid derivatives to be polymerized and the other components of the polymerization mixture are combined with this solution.

Abstract: Flame retardant poly(alkenyl aromatic) oligomers and lower molecular weight polymers having bromine substituents on the aromatic nucleus are prepared by cationic polymerization from the corresponding brominated monomers, for example, bromostyrene, in an organic solvent, using a Lewis acid catalyst and an aromatic chain transfer agent. The lower molecular weights enable greater tolerance with other thermoplastic polymers, and as a result compatible flame retardant blends with good ductile impact properties are possible.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing a polymer of a dialkyldiallyl ammonium compound comprising effecting polymerization in the presence of a free radical initiator and sufficient fluoride ion to increase the molecular weight of the polymer and accelerate the rate of polymerization.

Abstract: A process for preparing reactive polymers and polymers prepared by the foregoing process are disclosed. This process comprises polymerizing a monomer comprising at least one isopropenylphenyl glycidyl ether represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein all the symbols are defined in the appended claims, or in combination with at least one other unsaturated monomer, by the use of a catalyst selected from halogens and hydrogen iodide. The reactive polymer prepared by the above process is represented by the general formula (2): ##STR2## wherein all the symbols are defined in the appended claims, and has a number average molecular weight of 500 to 50,000.

Abstract: This invention relates to the addition of lithium bromide to a polymeric material to reduce the viscosity of the polymeric material. This invention finds particular use in the reduction of the viscosity of radiation curable compositions, such as polyacrylates.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers comprising an N-vinyl lactam are found to be useful in processes wherein the polymer is introduced into a subterranean wellbore.Polymers useful in the recovery of natural resources are prepared by polymerizing an N-vinyl lactam by free radical initiation, with polymerization conducted in an aqueous solution polymerization medium preferably containing a mixture of dissolved electrolytes, or in a polymerization medium consisting essentially of a tertiary alkanol. Copolymers of such N-vinyl lactams with unsaturated amides, and terpolymers prepared by polymerizing an N-vinyl lactam and an unsaturated amide with a selected termonomer compound are also useful when prepared by these methods.

Abstract: A process for modifying certain polyamides by use of a novel combination of an organic sulfone and a lithium halide as a processing aid to yield a modified polymer having thermal stability and a lowered melting point (lower than unmodified polymer).

Abstract: Copolymer polyols are prepared by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polyahl mixture in the presence of iodine or an iodine-releasing inorganic compound. The use of the iodine or iodine-releasing inorganic compound provides a lower viscosity, more stable copolymer polyahl.

Abstract: Process of detecting the presence of certain gases, including certain pollutants, in small concentrations; or to cause partial polymerization of certain polyacetylene compositions for use in time/temperature history indicators or radiation dosage indicators. The process involves contacting a reactive gas, such as a nitrogen oxide, a halide or ozone, with a crystalline substituted acetylenic monomer containing at least two conjugated triple bonds and substituents having at least one atom of oxygen or nitrogen. In particular the acetylenic compound is 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-bis(phenylurethane) crystallized from tetrahydrofuran or acetone.

Abstract: Methods of preparing viscous aqueous polymer solutions having improved viscosity and stability properties for use in the treatment of subterranean hydrocarbon-containing formations and in enhanced oil recovery processes are provided. More particularly, a method of preparing such viscous aqueous polymer solution in a buffer system that contains a particular buffer and a substantially oxygen free aqueous solvent. Such solvent is used for pH control and contains one or more metal salts.

Abstract: A method of enhanced oil recovery from subterranean oil-containing formations via injection through an injection well penetrating the formation of a viscous aqueous solution containing one or more water-soluble organic polymers and forcing such solution through the formation towards a production well for ultimate recovery. The viscous aqueous polymer solutions of the invention are prepared at the site of their use by polymerizing one or more water-soluble polymerizable vinyl monomers in aqueous solutions which may contain high concentrations of one or more salts.

Abstract: A chemically initiated water-in-oil emulsion polymerization process is disclosed for making water-soluble anionic copolymers from water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated, addition polymerizable monomers. Improved products are obtained by adding a water-soluble salt to the aqueous phase of the water-in-oil emulsion prior to polymerization.

Abstract: A process for preparing high molecular weight polymeric ketoximes and aldoximes is disclosed which comprises providing a solution of a monomeric ketoxime or aldoxime in an aqueous acidic solvent system, the solution having a pH of up to about pH 1.5, and polymerizing the dissolved monomeric ketoxime or aldoxime in the presence of an aqueous acid-soluble polymerization initiating agent.

Abstract: Age resistant resin which comprises a composition selected from (A) a composition having a softening point in the range of 0.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. comprising units derived from selected aliphatic diolefins and aliphatic monoolefins, which can be modified with units derived from dicyclopentadiene, and certain vinyl aromatic compounds, and selected phenol or amine type compounds and (B) a composition having a softening point in the range of about 60.degree. C. to about 110.degree. C. comprising units derived from monoolefins and vinyl aromatic compounds, which can be modified with aliphatic diolefins, and selected phenol and amine type compounds. Such age resistant resins have particular utility when admixed with various rubbery materials and thermoplastics to create pressure sensitive adhesives and hot melt adhesives.

Abstract: Prostanoid compounds are described having the formula: ##STR1## where A is a cyclopentane ring, which is substituted by oxo and/or hydroxy or etherified hydroxy and may be saturated or unsaturated; X is --CH.dbd.CH-- or --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --; R is alkyl having a terminal --COOH or ester grup; and Y is amino or substituted amino, particularly heterocyclic amino.The compounds have bronchodilator activity and/or inhibit blood platelet aggregation.The preparation and pharmaceutical formulation of the compounds is also described.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing vinyl chloride in an aqueous suspension wherein polymer scale is prevented from depositing on walls and other surfaces in contact with monomer in a polymerization reactor. According to the method, one or more compounds selected from iodine salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are added to the polymerization mixture. The effect of this method can be enhanced synergistically by coating a polar organic compound or an organic dye over the surfaces in contact with the monomer.

Abstract: A process for production of the maleic anhydride adduct of a liquid polymer having a maleic anhydride addition amount of 2 to 70% by weight, which comprises reacting a liquid polymer having a molecular weight of 150 to 5,000 and a viscosity of 2 to 50,000 cp at 30.degree. C. in the presence of at least one compound, as a gelation inhibitor, selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, thiazoles, metallic salts of mercaptothiazoles, urea derivatives, naphthylamines, nitrosamines, iron, iron compounds and specific halogen compounds, said liquid polymer being selected from the group consisting of liquid polybutadienes, liquid polyisoprenes and liquid copolymers comprising units of butadiene or isoprene and units of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of other diolefins, olefins and aromatic vinyl compounds.

Abstract: An accelerator combination is provided for the cross-linking of powder paints containing an acrylic resin containing carboxyl groups and an epoxy resin at elevated temperatures, said accelerator containing, based on the weight of said acrylic resin:(a) 0.05 to 3.0% by weight of at least one compound of the formula LiX, in which X signifies a hydroxyl ion, the anion of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, or of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid; and(b) 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of at least one quaternary ammonium compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 signifies a saturated aliphatic radical, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 signify the same or different saturated aliphatic radicals, aryl radicals or aralkyl radicals, wherein two of the radicals R.sub.2 to R.sub.4 may be replaced by a group which together with the nitrogen atom forms a saturated heterocylic ring, or all radicals R.sub.2 to R.sub.

Abstract: Micro-suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers and comonomers with a seed in the form of a previously prepared dispersion of the polymer or copolymer containing all of the organo-soluble initiator required for the polymerization, in which the initiator is activated during the polymerization by the addition of an organo-metallic complex of a water-soluble metal salt reacted with a complexing agent.

Abstract: Low softening point resins are prepared by a process which comprises polymerising using a Friedel Crafts catalyst:(1) a petroleum resin feed comprising C.sub.5 olefins and C.sub.5 diolefins or a mixture of C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 olefins and diolefins, said feed being obtained from the cracking of petroleum feedstock and being subjected to thermal soaking at a temperature of 100.degree. C to 150.degree. C, and(2) a branched chain reactive aliphatic olefin or an oxygenated transfer agent.Preferred additives are diisobutene or U.O.P. olefins. The polymerization may take place in the presence of a C.sub.8 to C.sub.10 unsaturated aromatic compound.

Abstract: In a process for the production of a low molecular weight polyanhydride having a softening point within the range of about 111.degree. to 156.degree. C. by the mass polymerization reaction of a maleic monomer and at least one alkyl-substituted styrene at a temperature in the range of about 140.degree. to 200.degree. C., the improvement comprising employing an alkali metal bifluoride, preferably potassium bifluoride, as catalyst for the reaction.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of gel-free interpolymers from monomers comprising one or more halomethylated vinyl aromatic compounds and one or more Type III monoolefins is characterized by the use of a solvent or mixture of solvents in which the reactants and the interpolymers are soluble; a soluble Lewis acid or Friedel-Crafts catalyst, especially an organo-Group IIIa element halide catalyst; a reaction temperature in the range of -120.degree. C to -20.degree. C; and a conversion of at least one of the monomers to interpolymer in excess of 85 percent. The interpolymers may be crosslinked with nucleophilic reagents to produce elastomeric compositions; quaternized with nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorous compounds to give self-emulsifying latices useful as surface coatings or converted to sulfonic or carboxylic derivatives for the preparation of ionomer resins.

Abstract: A petroleum resin is prepared by a process which comprises polymerizing using a Friedel-Crafts catalyst:A. a petroleum resin feed comprising C.sub.5 and C.sub.5 diolefins, C.sub.6 olefins and C.sub.6 diolefins or a mixture of C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 olefins and diolefins, said feed being obtained from the cracking of petroleum feedstock andB. at least 0.5 wt.% based on the petroleum resin feed of a tertiary hydrocarbyl halide.The resulting resin usually has a softening point of 20.degree. to 125.degree. C. These resins have an extremely narrow molecular weight distribution and hence have good wax compatibility, viscosity, flexibility and tackifying properties for rubber.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerizing in an aqueous medium vinyl chloride or a mixture of 50% or more vinyl chloride and remainder other monomers copolymerizable therewith in the presence of an oil soluble initiator, a suspension stabilizer and 0.005 to 50 ppm of nitrite, and 10 to 1000 ppm of water soluble metallic salt, the parts being based on the amount of aqueous medium.

Abstract: Improved process for the preparation of water-soluble, substantially linear, high molecular weight polymers, comprising irradiating an aqueous solution of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and a water-soluble salt under controlled conditions of concentration, radiation intensity, conversion, and total radiation dose. The polymers may be obtained in aqueous gel form or recovered in the form of powder. The polymers are useful as flocculating, thickening, and mobility control agents.

Abstract: Age resistant resin which comprises a composition selected from (A) a composition having a softening point in the range of 0.degree. C to about 140.degree. C comprising units derived from selected aliphatic diolefins and aliphatic monoolefins, which can be modified with units derived from dicyclopentadiene, and certain vinyl aromatic compounds, and selected phenol or amine type compounds and (B) a composition having a softening point in the range of about 60.degree. C to about 110.degree. C comprising units derived from monoolefins and vinyl aromatic compounds, which can be modified with aliphatic diolefins, and selected phenol and amine type compounds. Such age resistant resins have particular utility when admixed with various rubbery materials and thermoplastics to create pressure sensitive adhesives and hot melt adhesives.