Abstract: The invention relates to a monomer mixture for producing a dental material comprising: a. at least one base monomer M1 of the following formula 1: PG-S-A-S—[OOC—K—COO—S-A-S]n-PG (formula 1), where PG=a polymerizable group selected from OOC—CH—CH2 and —OOC—C(CH3)—CH2; S=a spacer group selected from an unbranched and a branched alkylene, which has C1-C10 carbon atoms and which can also contain oxygen or —OOC— in the carbon chain, or S is omitted; A=an aliphatic polycyclic group; K=an aliphatic acyclic or cyclic saturated or unsaturated unit with C1-C10 carbon atoms; and n=1-9; b.

Abstract: A light emitting element includes a first electrode, a hole transport region on the first electrode, an emission layer on the hole transport region and containing a light emitting polymer compound derived from a mixture of a polyphenylene vinylene-based compound having a weight average molecular weight of about 1.3×106 to about 1.6×106 and an organic compound represented by Formula 1, and a second electrode on the emission layer, wherein, the mixture contains the polyphenylene vinylene-based compound and the organic compound in a molar ratio of about 9:1 to about 8:2, and the light emitting element may thus include an emission layer having improved flexibility and strength.

Abstract: A positive electrode slurry composition, a positive electrode and a secondary battery including the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a slurry composition includes a lithium iron phosphate-based positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, a dispersant, and a solvent, wherein the dispersant includes a nitrile-based copolymer and a polymer dispersant containing an oxyalkylene unit, wherein the oxyalkylene unit is present in an amount of 60 wt % or more, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersant.

Abstract: An object is to provide a viscosity index improver composition that is capable of properly regulating the HTHS viscosity in the effective temperature range of a lubricating oil composition to a lower range, and a lubricating oil composition containing the viscosity index improver composition, and the viscosity index improver composition contains a comb-shaped polymer (A) containing a structural unit derived from a macromonomer (?) and a structural unit derived from a particular monomer (A1), the macromonomer (?) having a (meth)acryloyl group at one end, and having a structural unit derived from a monomer (?1) selected from butadiene and hydrogenated butadiene.

Abstract: A display device includes a display module foldable along a folding axis, and a protective tape including a base film and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer has a storage modulus of less than about 0.3 MPa at about ?20° C. and a creep value of about 100% or greater when a shear stress of about 2000 Pa is maintained for about 10 minutes at about 60° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an aqueous latex composition comprising latex particles dispersed in an aqueous solution, wherein the latex particles are polymerized from at least one acrylic monomer in a substantially solvent-free, waterborne environment, and a 2-oxazoline compound is incorporated onto the latex particles. The 2-oxazoline compound has the following structure: The 2-oxazoline compound is present from about 1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %. The 2-oxazoline may be grafted onto the latex particles. R1 moiety may be free of an acyclic organic radical having addition polymerizable unsaturation moiety. The aqueous latex composition may also comprises an acid monomer.

Abstract: The suction fixing sheet of the present disclosure is a suction fixing sheet to be placed on a suction surface of a suction device to prevent contact between a suction target and the suction surface. The suction fixing sheet includes a porous sheet having air permeability in its thickness direction; and a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet provided with a substrate, having air permeability in its thickness direction, and disposed on one surface of the porous sheet, or a double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive layer unprovided with a substrate, formed of a crosslinked pressure-sensitive adhesive, having air permeability in its thickness direction, and disposed on one surface of the porous sheet. The ratio of the thickness of the porous sheet to the thickness of the double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet or the double-sided pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 8.0 or more.

Abstract: A cleaning and protectant composition and a method for using the composition on an article such as a touch screen or screen protector for a mobile device, computer, or other electronic device. The composition comprises a polymeric film former. The polymeric film former is an oxazoline homopolymer or an extended or a modified polymer based on an oxazoline homopolymer. The polymeric film former forms a retention coating to retain components within the composition for an extended period of time. The composition is also present in a kit with an application device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by any one of the following formula A to formula C, and a photosensitive composition comprising the same, wherein the structure of the compound represented by any one of formula A to formula C is as described in the detailed description of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fluorescently-tagged (co)polymer useful as a scale inhibitor in industrial water systems. Said (co)polymer comprises a (i) reactive fluorescent compound selected from a diazole compound (ii) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid monomer, and (iii) optionally, at least one monoethylenically unsaturated acid-free monomer.

Abstract: An optical fiber coating composition comprising: one or more monomers forming a first polymer chain and a second polymer chain upon polymerization; and one or more hydrogen bonding cross-linkers including a first molecule that covalently bonds to the first polymer chain during the polymerization and a second molecule that covalently bonds to the second polymer chain during the polymerization. The first molecule includes a first functional group. The second molecule includes a second functional group. The first functional group and the second functional group hydrogen bond to form three or more hydrogen bonds during the polymerization. The first functional group and the second functional group both can be a ureidopyrimidinone functional group. The first molecule and the second molecule can both be a ureidopyrimidinone (meth)acrylate. The one or more monomers can be mono-acrylate monomers, and the optical fiber coating composition can lack any multi-acrylate monomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of an associative acrylic (co)polymer by aqueous emulsion radical polymerization. The (co)polymer contains at least one oligomer of acrylic acid represented by the formula (I): where n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10. The oligomer is prepared from acrylic acid at a temperature of between 50° C. and 200° C. in the presence of a basic or acid catalyst, water, and polymerization inhibitors. The present invention also relates to the associative acrylic (co)polymer obtained from the method and also to the use of this (co)polymer as a thickener in various formulations.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of acrylic acid oligomer represented by formula (I): in which n is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, wherein the process comprises the step of heating acrylic acid at a temperature from 50° C. to 200° C. in the presence of a catalyst, water and at least one polymerization inhibitor. Formula (I) where n=0 is acrylic acid, the precursor for preparing the acrylic acid oligomer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for purifying an acid, wherein the method comprises: a) producing a crude product mixture by a partial oxidation reaction, wherein the crude product mixture comprises acrylic acid and acetic acid; b) purifying the crude product mixture by distillation using a high-boiling solvent to purify the acrylic acid; and c) purifying the crude product mixture by distillation using a low-boiling solvent to purify the acetic acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for purifying an acid, wherein the method comprises: a) producing a crude product mixture by a partial oxidation reaction, wherein the crude product mixture comprises acrylic acid and acetic acid; b) purifying the crude product mixture by distillation using a high-boiling solvent to purify the acrylic acid; and c) purifying the crude product mixture by distillation using a low-boiling solvent to purify the acetic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing heonone (meth)acrylate by transesterification of alkyl (meth)acrylate with heonone.

Abstract: A method of extracting an analyte from a sample is described where the sample includes water. The sample and polymeric drying agent are added to a container. The polymeric drying agent includes a cationic monomer, an anionic monomer, and a crosslinker. The polymeric drying agent is configured to sorb water from the sample.

Abstract: An adhesive includes an acrylic copolymer synthesized from a composition including a solution polymerizable acryl-based monomer, a vinyl-based monomer that is copolymerizable with the solution polymerizable acryl-based monomer, a ?-carboxylethyl acrylate monomer, and a reaction initiator, and a compound including at least three epoxy functional groups.

Abstract: A composition including an oil phase, an aqueous phase, at least one water-in-oil emulsifying system in the form of a positive latex, characterized in that the composition includes a straight, branched, or cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte, including: a) a non-zero molar proportion of monomer units from acrylic acid in free or partially salified form; and b) a non-zero molar proportion of monomer units from the acid of formula (I): CH2?CH—C(?O)—O—[CH2—CH2—C(?O)—O]n—H??(I), where n is a number greater than or equal to (1) and less than or equal to (5), in free or partially salified form. A method for preparing the same, a polymer powder, and the use thereof as a thickening agent for cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions are also described.

Abstract: An active energy ray-curable adhesive composition comprising radically polymerizable compounds (A), (B) and (C) as curable components, wherein the radically polymerizable compound (A) has an SP value of 29.0 (kJ/m3)1/2 to 32.0 (kJ/m3)1/2; the radically polymerizable compound (B) has an SP value of 18.0 (kJ/m3)1/2 to less than 21.0 (kJ/m3)1/2; the radically polymerizable compound (C) has an SP value of 21.0 (kJ/m3)1/2 to 23.0 (kJ/m3)1/2, and the composition comprises 1.0 to 30.0% by weight of the radically polymerizable compound (A), 35.0 to 98.0% by weight of the radically polymerizable compound (B), and 1.0 to 30.0% by weight of the radically polymerizable compound (C) based on 100% by weight of the total amount of the composition.

Abstract: A polymer is obtained from a hydroxyphenyl methacrylate monomer having an acid labile group substituted thereon. A positive resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin has a very high contrast of alkaline dissolution rate before and after exposure, a high resolution, a good profile and minimal line edge roughness of a pattern after exposure, a retarded acid diffusion rate, and good etching resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supramolecular polymer comprising 1-50 4H-units, said supramolecular polymer being obtainable by reacting at least one monomeric building block with a prepolymer. The present invention further relates to articles or compositions comprising the supramolecular polymer, in particular articles or compositions selected from the group consisting of decorative, thermo-reversible, or self-healing coatings, adhesive compositions, sealing compositions, thickeners, gelators and binders.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties, with at least one remote polymerizable moiety. The novel mixtures of 4- and 5-substituted regioisomers of 1,2,3-triazole moieties can be separated by chromatography to provide the purified 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties. The novel mixtures of 4- and 5-substituted regioisomers of 1,2,3-triazole moieties, and the purified 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazole moieties, with at least one remote polymerizable moiety, can be converted to a wide variety of useful polymers. The novel compounds of the invention can be employed in a wide variety of compositions. E, Q, Z, X, a, and R1-R4, in the structures below, are defined herein.

Abstract: An object is to provide a polymerizable compound having high polymerization reactivity, a high conversion ratio and high solubility in a liquid crystal composition, a polymerizable composition containing the compound, a liquid crystal composite prepared from the composition, and a liquid crystal display device having the composite. A solution is a polymerizable compound represented by formula (1). In the formula, for example, P1 and P2 are —OCO—(CH3)C?CH2; S1 and S2 are a single bond; ring A1, ring A2 and ring A3 are 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond; two of G is —CH? or —N?; and a is 0 or 1.

Abstract: Here is provided a charge control resin which is prompt in charge rising up, excellent in electrostatic charging propensity and easy in manufacturing. This charge control resin contains a polymer as an active ingredient having a constituent unit represented by following Formula (1) in the Formula (1), R1 is independent of one another, and is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a carboxy-containing group, a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms, or a straight-chained or branched alkoxy group having 1-18 carbon atoms; R2 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a carboxy-containing group, a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms, or a straight-chained or branched alkoxy group having 1-18 carbon atoms; g is a number of 1-3; h is a number of 1-3; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, a straight-chained or branched alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms, an ammonium radical or a mixture of any of these.

Abstract: To provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film that can satisfy durability even when a thin pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed. A pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film comprising an optical film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on at least one side of the optical film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive, comprising: a (meth)acrylic polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,500,000 to 2,800,000; containing, as a monomer component, 3 to 10% by weight of a heterocyclic ring-containing acrylic monomer; 0.5 to 5% by weight of a carboxyl group-containing monomer; 0.05 to 2% by weight of a hydroxyl group-containing monomer; and 83 to 96.45% by weight of an alkyl(meth)acrylate monomer, and a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: A polymeric material including units capable of having a cationic charge at a pH of from about 4 to about 12; provided that the polymeric material has an average cationic charge density from about 2.75 or less units per 100 daltons molecular weight at a pH of from about 4 to about 12. The polymeric material is a suds enhancer and a suds volume extender for hand dishwashing compositions and personal care products such as soaps, shaving cream foam, foaming shaving gel, foam depiliatories and shampoos. The polymers are also effective as a soil release agent in fabric cleaning compositions. The polymers are also useful in agrochemical foam, fire-fighting foam, hard surface cleaner foam, and coagulant for titanium dioxide in paper making.

Abstract: The present invention provides an acrylic thermoplastic resin containing 50 to 95% by mass of a repeating unit (X) derived from a methacrylate monomer represented by the following formula (1), 0.1 to 20% by mass of a repeating unit (Y1) derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer (a) represented by the following formula (2), and 0.1 to 49.9% by mass of a repeating unit (Y2) derived from an N-substituted maleimide monomer (b) represented by the following formula (3), regarding the total amount of the repeating unit (X), the repeating unit (Y1), and the repeating unit (Y2) as 100% by mass: The absolute value of a photoelastic coefficient (C) of the acrylic thermoplastic resin is not greater than 3.0×10?12 Pa?1. The halogen atom content is less than 0.47% by mass with reference to the mass of the acrylic thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: Silicone-containing monomer of formula (I); wherein said silicone-containing monomer comprises a silicone-containing moiety and an oxazolidinone moiety and wherein R is a silicone-containing moiety, and R1 may be an H, wherein A represents the oxazolidinone ring of the oxazolidinone moiety and R2 is a divalent C1-25 alkylene or C6-30 arylalkylene. The monomer is used for the preparation of a composition for use in manufacturing of ophthalmic lenses potentially with anti-infective properties. Also, methods of making the present monomers are described.

Abstract: An adhesive film for polarizing plates includes a (meth)acrylic copolymer obtained by polymerizing about 15 wt % to about 30 wt % of a (meth)acrylic monomer having a hetero-alicyclic ring. The adhesive film has a storage modulus (G?) of about 30 kPa or greater as determined from Frequency sweep testing at 85° C. by oscillation at an angular speed of 10?3 rad/s to 102 rad/s. An adhesive composition for the same, a polarizing plate including the same, and an optical display device including the same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides polymer aggregates as delivery vehicles for therapeutics and diagnostics. The present invention additionally provides methods of synthesis and uses for such aggregates.

Abstract: The present invention concerns polymers obtained by anionic initiation and bearing functions that can be activated by cationic initiations that are not reactive in the presence of anionic polymerization initiators. The presence of such cationic initiation functions allow an efficient cross-linking of the polymer after molding, particularly in the form of a thin film. It is thus possible to obtain polymers with well-defined properties in terms of molecular weight and cross-linking density. The polymers of the present invention are capable of dissolving ionic compounds inducing a conductivity for the preparation of solid electrolytes.

Abstract: There are provided a resin composition and an optical film using the same. The resin composition includes a copolymer (A) formed by polymerizing a (meth)acryloyl morpholine-based monomer (a), a maleimide-based monomer (b), and an alkyl(meth)acrylate-based monomer (c), and the optical film is manufactured using the same. The resin composition may provide a film having excellent optical properties and optical transparency, reduced haze, excellent mechanical strength, a relatively low level of thermal expansion coefficient leading to a relatively small change in a dimension, and a relatively low level of alteration in a retardation value due to external stress.

Abstract: The adhesive sheet for an image display device includes a structural unit derived from the following general formula (a), wherein the glass transition temperature is from 10 to 50° C., and tan ? at 40 to 80° C. is from 0.5 to 1.1, The adhesive sheet for an image display device, an image display device, and an adhesive resin composition for an image display can be provided, which are useful for the prevention of cracking, the attenuation of the stress and the impact, that have excellent transparency, which improve the fog and the flicker in an image displayed on the screen, and which reduce the bubbles, the sullage, and the detachment, particularly under high temperature condition (for example, 80° C. or more) or under high-temperature and humidity condition (for example, 85° C./85% RH). In the formula, X is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymeric material comprising units capable of having a cationic charge at a pH of from about 4 to about 12; provided that said polymeric material has an average cationic charge density from about 2.75 or less units per 100 daltons molecular weight at a pH of from about 4 to about 12. The polymeric material is a suds enhancer and a suds volume extender for hand dishwashing compositions and personal care products such as soaps, shaving cream foam, foaming shaving gel, foam dephiliatories and shampoos. The polymers are also effective as a soil release agent in fabric cleaning compositions. The polymers are also useful in agrochemical foam, fire-fighting foam, hard surface cleaner foam, and coagulant for titanium dioxide in paper making.

Abstract: Multilayered films, particularly ultrathin multilayered films comprising cationic polymers which are useful for controlled release of anionic species, particularly for controlled release of nucleic acids. The multilayer films herein are useful for temporal controlled released of anionic species, particularly one or more anionic peptides, proteins, nucleic acids or other anionic biological agents. In one aspect, the invention relates to multilayer films which release anionic species (anions) with separate and/or distinct release profiles, particularly wherein the anions are one or more anionic peptides, proteins or nucleic acids or other anionic biological agents.

Abstract: Functionalized degradable ROMP (ring-opening metathesis) polymers and methods, starting monomers and synthetic monomeric and polymeric intermediates for preparation of such functionalized polymers. More specifically, monomers having a bicyclic oxazinone structure, a bicyclic urea, or a heteronorbornene core structure, among others, have been found to be substrates for ROMP polymerization. ROMP polymers prepared from these monomers have been found to be both acid and base labile. Additionally, the monomers can be chemically modified at a site distal to the polymerizable moieties and bridgehead carbons. The properties of the resulting polymers and copolymers can be tailored without destabiling the monomer. Polymers and copolymers of the invention are degradable but have a glass temperature of 100° C. or more.

Abstract: The present invention concerns polymers obtained by anionic initiation and bearing functions that can be activated by cationic initiations that are not reactive in the presence of anionic polymerization initiators. The presence of such cationic initiation functions allow an efficient cross-linking of the polymer after moulding, particularly in the form of a thin film. It is thus possible to obtain polymers with well-defined properties in terms of molecular weight and cross-linking density. The polymers of the present invention are capable of dissolving ionic compounds inducing a conductivity for the preparation of solid electrolytes.

Abstract: The present invention provides rheology modifiers, which are water-soluble polymers having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of at least 1,000,000 g/mol and an intrinsic viscosity of at least 2.5 dl/g, both as determined by size exclusion chromatography, and wherein the water-soluble polymers are in the form of solid particles. It also provides mixtures of rheology modifiers comprising a first rheology modifier, which is a water-soluble polymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of at least 1,000,000 g/mol and an intrinsic viscosity of at least 2.5 dl/g, both as determined by size exclusion chromatography, and a second rheology modifier, which has a weight average molecular weight of from 2,000 g/mol to 800,000 g/mol. It also provides coating composition containing the rheology modifiers, respectively, mixtures of rheology modifiers, a process for their preparation, a process for coating a substrate using these coating compositions and substrates coated with these coating compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a process for silver nanowire production in which the major-axis length of the silver nanowires can be controlled in a wide range and an agent for controlling the growth of silver nanowires. A process for silver nanowire production which is characterized in that an agent for controlling the growth of silver nanowires which comprises a polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more polymerizable monomers comprising an N-substituted (meth)acrylamide is reacted with a silver compound in a polyol at 25-180° C. The agent for controlling the growth of silver nanowires is characterized by comprising a polymer which has units of an N-substituted (meth)acrylamide as a polymerizable monomer.

Abstract: A (meth)acrylate ester includes a (meth)acrylate moiety having an ester oxygen, an anthraquinone moiety having a transmittance spectrum producing blue light, and a linking group covalently bound to the ester oxygen and to a ring of the anthraquinone moiety, the linking group including, as a first component: phenyl, naphthyl, a linear alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbons, a branched alkyl group having from 3 to about 6 carbons, a cycloalkyl group having from about 3 to about 20 carbons, or a substituted aromatic group.

Abstract: Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymeric material comprising units capable of having a cationic charge at a pH of from about 4 to about 12; provided that said polymeric material has an average cationic charge density from about 2.75 or less units per 100 daltons molecular weight at a pH of from about 4 to about 12. The polymeric material is a suds enhancer and a suds volume extender for hand dishwashing compositions and personal care products such as soaps, shaving cream foam, foaming shaving gel, foam dephiliatories and shampoos. The polymers are also effective as a soil release agent in fabric cleaning compositions. The polymers are also useful in agrochemical foam, fire-fighting foam, hard surface cleaner foam, and coagulant for titanium dioxide in paper making.

Abstract: Copolymers containing acryloylmorpholine and vinylimidazole, and optionally vinylcaprolactam and/or n-vinyl pyrrolidone, have shown superior results in hydrate inhibition tests at conditions of 7° C. subcooling dosed at 1 vol % based on the water cut of the system fluids. The copolymer product has also passed high TDS (total dissolved solids) brine compatibility tests and secondary property tests including foaming and hot injection tests which make it useful as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor in gas production systems susceptible to the formation of natural gas hydrates.

Abstract: A proton exchange membrane comprising modified hyper-branched polymer is disclosed. The proton exchange membrane includes 85-90 wt % of sulfonated tetrafluorethylene copolymer and 15-10 wt % of modified hyper-branched polymer. The modified hyper-branched polymer comprises the bismaleimide (BMI)-based hyper-branched polymer, and parts of the chain ends of the hyper-branched polymer are sulfonated by the sulfonic compound. Also, the modified hyper-branched polymer and sulfonated tetrafluorethylene copolymer are interpenetrated to form an interpenetrating polymer. Furthermore, the modification step could be performed before or after forming the interpenetrating polymer. For example, the sulfonation is proceeded after forming the interpenetrating polymer. Alternatively, the sulfonation of the hyper-branched polymer could be proceeded before the formation of the interpenetrating polymer.

Abstract: A UV curable adhesive composition includes a morpholine group-containing (meth)acrylic copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cure accelerators useful for anaerobic curable compositions, such as adhesives and sealants. The cure accelerators are constructed as urethane/urea/thiourethane (meth)acrylate resins from diols and include a unit embraced within structure A where X is C1-20 alkyl, C2-20 alkenyl, or C7-20 alkaryl, any of which may be interrupted by one or more hereto atoms, and which are functionalized by at least one and preferably at least two groups selected from —OH, —NH2 or —SH and z is 1-3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive resin composition that includes a polymer prepared by using a macromonomer as an alkali soluble resin. The photosensitive resin composition is used for various types of purposes such as a photoresist for preparing a color filter, an overcoat photoresist, a column spacer, and an insulating material having a light blocking property, and improves physical properties such as residue or not, chemical resistance, and heat resistance of the photoresist.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymerizable ultraviolet light absorbers and yellow colorants and their use in ophthalmic lenses. In particular, this invention relates to polymerizable ultraviolet light absorbing methane compounds and yellow compounds of the methine and anthraquinone classes that block ultraviolet light and/or violet-blue light transmission through ophthalmic lenses.

Abstract: Embodiments include a sensor comprising a co-polymer, the co-polymer comprising a first monomer and a second monomer. For some embodiments, the first monomer is poly-4-vinyl pyridine, and the second monomer is poly-4-vinyl pyridinium propylamine chloride. For some embodiments, the first monomer is polystyrene and the second monomer is poly-2-vinyl pyridinium propylamine chloride. For some embodiments, the first monomer is poly-4-vinyl pyridine, and the second monomer is poly-4-vinyl pyridinium benzylamine chloride. Other embodiments are described and claimed.