Abstract: Polyfunctional polymers of which the side branches contain dioxathiazole-2-oxide groups are described. They possess the reactivity of dioxathiazole-2-oxide and can in addition contain other reactive groups. They can be used for the manufacture of moldings, coatings or adhesives.

Abstract: Oxazolidines and tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines which are substituted with 3-acryloyl or 3-methacryloyl groups are prepared by adding to an excess of a ketone and in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor, about equimolecular amounts of a 2- or 3-amino lower alkanol and of acryloyl chloride or methacryloyl chloride, heating the mixture, and eliminating the unreacted ketone by destillation. The ketone corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 = alkyl (1-4 C),R.sub.2 = alkyl (1-4 C) or phenyl, orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent the atoms necessary to complete an alicyclic group.These unsaturated oxazolidines and tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines may be homo- or copolymerized, and these polymers may be used as plasticizers for gelatin, e.g. in photographic layers containing gelatin.

Abstract: Novel anionic hydrogels, containing acidic groups in their molecular structure, and processes for their preparation are described. These novel hydrogels are stable three-dimensional polymer networks, having good water permeability and mechanical properties, and are obtained by simultaneous polymerization and cross-linking, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, such as an organic peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile or other free radical polymerization catalyst, of a mixture of (a) hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) a polymerizable acidic monomer containing a sulfonic acid, sulfate or phosphate group in its molecular structure, such as sulfo-ethyl acrylate or methacrylate or a sulfate or phosphate derivative of a hydroxyalkyl- acrylate or methacrylate, and (c) a cross-linking agent, such as a glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate; if desired there may also be present (d) one or more additional monomers, usually an acryloid monomer such as an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, acrylamides etc.

Abstract: Water-swellable, cross-linked, bead copolymers of (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxylic acid anhydride, glycidyl or succinimide group, (B) a comonomer having at least two radical-polymerizable carbon double bonds, and (C) a radical-polymerizable water-soluble comonomer are disclosed to be excellent carriers capable of bonding with biologically active substances such as enzymes, enzyme substrates, inhibitors, hormones, antibiotics, antigens, and peptides.

Abstract: Novel cationic hydrogels, containing basic (cationic) groups in their molecular structure, and processes for their preparation are described. These novel hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks, having good water permeability and mechanical properties, and are obtained by simultaneous polymerization and crosslinking, in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, such as an organic peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile or other free radical polymerization catalyst, of a mixture of (a) hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) a cationic monomer -- usually an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid with an amino alcohol, the terminal amino group of which may be quaternized, such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or acrylate and the quaternized derivatives thereof, and (c) a cross-linking agent, such as a glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate; if desired there may also be present (d) one or more additional monomers, usually an acrylic monomer such as an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate, acrylamides etc.

Abstract: Novel cationic hydrogels, containing basic (cationic) groups in their molecular structure, and processes for their preparation are described. These novel hydrogels are stable, three-dimensional polymer networks, having good water permeability and mechanical properties.

Abstract: Novel anionic hydrogels, containing acidic groups, and their preparation are described. These novel hydrogels are stable, three-dimensional polymer networks, having good water permeability and mechanical properties.

Abstract: Polymers in which the side chains contain 1,3,4-dioxazol-2-one groups, and the manufacture of said polymers. The novel polymers have the reactivity of 1,3,4-dioxazol-2-one and may also contain other reactive groups. They may be used for the production of shaped articles, coatings and adhesives.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for producing polymers of organic compounds, such as ethylenically unsaturated monomers, containing a betaine-type group of the formula: ##STR1## The method involves the reaction of acrylic acid or aqueous methyl acrylate and an aminoalkyl (meth)acrylate or an N-amino-alkyl (meth)acrylamide having a basic tertiary nitrogen atom in the presence of a free radical initiator. The monomers undergo vinyl addition polymerization to form valuable polymers having a wide variety of uses, such as flocculants, retention aids in the deposition of polymers, pigments, etc. on the fibers in a paper pulp, e.g., in the formation of mineral-filled papers.

Abstract: Novel polymerizable cationic monomers, which contain two or more cationic groups in the molecule, and homopolymers and copolymers thereof are described. These novel cationic monomers are compounds represented by the general formula: ##STR1## AND THE QUATERNIZED DERIVATIVES THEREOF (IN WHICH THE TERMINAL TERTIARY AMINO GROUP HAS BEEN QUATERNIZED TO A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GROUP) OF THE FORMULA: ##STR2## In the forgoing Formulas 1 and 2: A, each of which may be the same or different, represents an alkylene group of from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms but including oxygen interrupted alkylene groups (i.e.; a polyglycol ether group of the formula ##STR3## WHEREIN R.sup.5 represents H, methyl or ethyl and x represents an integer of from 1 to about 20);R represents H or methyl;R.sup.1 represents H or, when R is H, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 preferably H or methyl;R.sup.2, r.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: New esters are described having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a chemical bond or an inert linking group such as alkylene, oxa-alkylene, thia-alkylene, arylene, alkenylene or the like, R' and R" are H or lower alkyl and n is 2-3. They are made by the reaction of a bis-oxazoline or -oxazine with an equimolar amount of an acrylic acid: ##STR2## The compounds (I) are acrylic esters and are polymerizable and copolymerizable by the same general techniques used with other acrylic esters, thus producing solid resins useful as molding and coating materials. The oxazoline and oxazine rings in such resins are reactive with carboxyl groups; hence, the resins can be mixed with carboxy-containing polymers to form mixtures that readily cure upon mmold heat treatment to form hard, water-resistant and solvent-resistant, infusible resins.

Abstract: Liquid mixtures of symmetrical and asymmetrical azonitriles are provided which have a maximum freezing point of 25.degree. C. including mixtures of:A. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methylhexanonitrile;B. 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylheptanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methyl-heptanonitrile;C. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-ethylhexanonitrile;D. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylheptanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-ethylheptanonitrile;E. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-methyloctanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylpropyl)azo]-2-methyloctanonitrile;F. 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpentanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-ethylhexanonitrile) and 2-[(1-cyano-1-methylbutyl)azo]-2-ethylhexanonitrile;G.

Abstract: Polyazo compounds containing at least one alkyl or aryl thia or oxa group alpha to at least one of the azo groups in the connecting chain between the azo groups, such as 4-t-butylazo-4-methyl-3-thiapentyl 4-t-butylazo-4-cyanovalerate, which are useful for the sequential generation of free radicals, especially in the preparation of block and graft copolymers.

Abstract: The N-(chloroalkoxymethyl)acrylamides provide a practical means for the manufacture of vinyl quaternary compounds and water-soluble acrylamide polymers which contain vinyl quaternary linkages. Such polymers possess valuable dry strengthening properties when used in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: Crosslinkable monomers containing oxazolidinone structures are prepared by reacting polyisocyanates with acrylic esters containing an epoxy group. These polyfunctional monomers can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with other monomers or polymers containing olefinic unsaturation to insoluble, infusible polymers, including copolymers. The monomers and polymers find utility as castings, moldings, impregnants, coatings and for the production of reinforced laminates. Curing can be accomplished by any of the known methods, such as thermally, by the use of catalysts, by ultraviolet light, and by ionizing radiation. The monomers have the formula ##EQU1## WHEREIN N HAS A NUMERICAL VALUE OF AT LEAST TWO, X IS 1-8, R is hydrocarbon, Y is H, CH.sub.3 or CH, and Q is a polyvalent organic moiety.

Abstract: Polymerization products of carboxyl-free and carboxylsubstituted ethylenically unsaturated monomers have retained with the resin a reaction solvent mixture of high boiling alcohols, of which about 30 to 60% are normally liquid, waterinsoluble alcohols. These products are solid, hard glass-like resins which may be dissolved in aqueous bases to form clear or cloudy substantially colorless coating solutions useful in the preparation of clear or cloudy aqueous floor polishes which deposit clear protective films on treated floors.

Abstract: Photoconductive composition comprising a carbazole functional polymer wherein at least 0.1 percent of said carbazole function groups have the following structural formula ##SPC1##wherein X is a structural unit of said polymer; R is hydrogen; an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 - 10 carbon atoms; phenyl; or substituted phenyl, said phenyl substituents being capable of contribution of electrons to relatively electron deficient centers with the structural unit.Materials of the above structural formula can be readily polymerized or copolymerized with other addition polymers. These polymer compositions are useful in preparation of photoconductive insulating layers for electrophotography.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated material and a photosensitizer, said photosensitizer being an addition product of an organic 1,2,3-triketone and an organic alcohol or organic mercaptan, said addition product having the formula ##EQU1## or ##EQU2## where the groups R and R.sub.1 may be same or different and each is a hydrocarbyl group or a substituted hydrocarbyl group or the groups R when taken together form part or the whole of a cyclic structure.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions consisting essentially of at least one polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated material and a photosensitive catalyst comprisingA. from 0.5% to 5% by weight based on the ethylenically unsaturated material of at least one photosensitizer having the structure ##EQU1## wherein Ph is phenyl, halogen-substituted phenyl, phenylene or halogen-substituted phenylene and A is a cyclic hydrocarbyl group, a halogen-substituted cyclic hydrocarbyl group or a group of the formula ##EQU2## where X and Y each is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl or a halogen-substituted hydrocarbyl group, andB. from 1 to 5% by weight based on the ethylenically unsaturated material of a reducing agent capable of reducing the photosensitizer when the photosensitizer is in an excited state.Also described is a process of preparing polymeric materials by irradiating the foregoing polymerizable composition at a wavelength capable of exciting the photosensitizer to an excited state.

Abstract: An interpolymer useful in the thickening of aqueous acids comprising (A) about 20 to about 99.0 mole % acrylamide or N-vinyllactam, (B) about 0.5 to about 10 mole % long-chain containing vinyl monomer derivatives having the formula: ##EQU1## wherein Y represents hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl or phenylX represents oxygen, sulfur, carboxy or carbonamido; andR represents a hydrocarbon group containing from about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms including normal chain alkyl, branched chain alkyl, cycloalkyl and alkylaryl and (C) about 0.5 to 79.5 mole % of a cationic moiety.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions comprising the product of the addition polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole and at least one member selected from the group consisting of N-vinylphthalimide and the isostructural modifications thereof. Many of the above polymeric products are photoconductive and, thus, are suitable for use in electrophotography.

Abstract: A polyoxazolidone composition is prepared by heating a reaction mixture comprised of a cyclic nitrile compound, an epoxide, a metal halide catalyst, and, optionally, a polyhydroxyl, polyamine or polythiol containing compound. The reaction mixture may be stable at normal handling and storage temperatures and may be in the form of a dry powder or a liquid.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches the gelling and thickening of matrix forming resin systems by ion-dipole bonds. Suitable ions are introduced into the resin matrix as alkaline oxides or hydroxides. Thermoplastic polymers containing polar groups are used as additives for the thermosetting resins to offset shrink of the thermosetting resins during their crosslinking and curing in the molding operation. In the molded thermoset state of the resin materials, the polar groups provide sites for the improved bonding of paints, as for example, gel coats. The invention has particular advantages in polyester thermosetting resin systems and in the thermoplastic additives that are used therewith. Polar monomers copolymerized with styrene are the preferred thermoplastic additives.

Abstract: Phenolic complexes of water-insoluble but water-swellable crosslinked N-vinyllactam or N-alkyl-N-vinylamide polymers in the form of porous beads or granules and a process of preparing same. The complexes are particularly suited for use in situations wherein phenolic materials in limited quantities are desired such as, for example, in canisters or columns which are used to treat liquids or water. The novel complexes are prepared by adsorbing a phenolic material onto the porous granular or porous bead-like crosslinked N-vinyllactam or N-alkyl-N-vinylamide polymers.