Abstract: A method of preparing a first polymeric compound which comprises providing a compound of the general formula AR1C═CR2B or a salt thereof where A and B are the same or different and at least on group comprises a relatively polar atom or group and R1 and R2 independently comprise relatively non-polar atoms or groups, in a solvent of a type in which ethane itself is greatly insoluble and spacing the C═C groups in said compound to react with one another to form a polymeric structure. The first polymeric compound may be reacted with a second compound, for example polyvinylalcohol, collagen, or the like to produce a colloid or gel which may have applications in the treatment of burns or recovery of oils.

Abstract: A photorefractive compositions of the present invention includes a copolymer component that provides both photoconductive (charge transport) ability and non-linear optical ability, and optionally sensitizer and plasticizer components. Both of the photoconductive and non-linear optical components are incorporated into the chemical structure of the copolymer itself, typically as side groups. Furthermore, the composition includes a copolymer component that provides photoconductive (charge transport) ability, non-linear optical ability, and plasticizer ability, optionally, sensitizer and plasticizer components.

Abstract: The reaction of unsaturated carbonates such as vinyl ethylene carbonate with N-aminoethylimidazolidone (TAM) under mild conditions generates a mixture of two vinyl and hydroxy functional imidazolidone carbamates which polymerize readily into acrylate or vinyl acetate based emulsion polymers. The polymers show enhanced wet adhesion (wet scrubbability) in latex paints and coatings.

Abstract: Crosslinked polymers excellent in ion exchange capacity and catalytic activity and in resistance to thermal decomposition and widely applicable in various fields of use; a crosslinking agent which is suited for use as a raw material in the production of crosslinked polymers; a method of producing crosslinked polymers; a method of producing a spherical particle which is suited for use in the production of crosslinked polymers; a method of producing a hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate; and a method of producing glycols using the crosslinked polymers are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to statistical copolymers of general formula (I) and their use in organic semiconductor devices: wherein m and j are the average number of repeat units of A and B such that: m=0.1-0.9, j=1−m, Q=10-50000; A and B are independently selected from hole transporting groups and electron transporting groups and are statistically distributed along the polymer chain; X and Z are selected from H, CN, F, Cl, Br, CO2CH3.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinylpyrrolidone (co)polymer excellent in the color tone and the thermal yellowing resistance despite its low molecular weight. The vinylpyrrolidone (co)polymer, according to the present invention, is a vinylpyrrolidone (co)polymer which has a Hazen value of not more than 30 in the form of 5% aqueous solution and a K value of not more than 60 and is obtained by a process including the step of polymerizing a polymerizable monomer component with an azo compound initiator and/or an organic peroxide initiator, wherein the polymerizable monomer component includes N-vinylpyrrolidone, and wherein the azo compound initiator has a chemical structure as shown by —C(CH3)2—N═N—C(CH3)2—, and wherein the organic peroxide initiator is soluble in water or ethyl alcohol of 25° C. in an amount of not smaller than 3 weight %.

Abstract: This invention discloses a rubbery polymer which is comprised of repeat units that are derived from (1) at least one conjugated diolefin monomer, and (2) at least one functionalized monomer having of the structural formula: wherein R represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and wherein R1 and R2 can be the same or different and represent hydrogen atoms or a moiety selected from the group consisting of wherein R3 groups can be the same or different and represent alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups, allyl groups, and alkyloxy groups of the structural formula —(CH2)y—O—(CH2)z—CH3, wherein Z represents a nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound, wherein R4 represents a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups containing from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups, and allyl groups, and wherein n, x, y and z represents integers from 1 to about 10, with the

Abstract: A copolymer comprising imidazole ring units having nitrogen at the 1 and 3 positions of the ring; a carbon at each of the 2, 4 and 5 positions of the ring; and radical substituents G1 and G2 carried at the 4 and 5 positions together with a non-imidazole monomer capable of undergoing addition polymerization. In the imidazole, G1 and G2 are each independently selected from cyano, substituents derived from cyano, and substituents which replace cyano. The invention also provides a method for using the co-polymers as a coupling/activator for synthon synthesis.

Abstract: A photorefractive composition comprising a polymer prepared by living radical polymerization, wherein: the living radical polymerization is carried out using a monomer, a polymerization initiator, transition metal catalyst and a ligand capable of reversibly forming a complex with the transition metal catalyst, and the polymer comprises at least one of a repeat unit including a moiety having charge transport ability and a repeat unit including a moiety having non-linear-optical ability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerizable composition, comprising a) at least one compound of formula (I) (RG)—A—(Stab)  (I), wherein (Stab) is a light stabilizer radical selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered amines, hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines, hydroxyphenyl-benzotriazols and o-hydroxy-benzophenones; A is a spacer group or a direct bond; and (RG) is a group containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated functional group; and either b1) a compound of formula (II) Y—X  (II),  wherein X represents a group having at least one carbon atom and is such that the free radical derived from X is capable of initiating polymerization and Y represents a group being such that the free radical Y· derived from it forms a stable free radical; or b2) a stable free radical Y· and a free radical source from which a radical is formed capable of initiating polymerization, or b3) a compound of formula (III)  and a cat

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions from which radically initiated oligomers/polymers having a controlled molecular weight, low polydispersity and a vinyl or dienyl end group are prepared. Further subjects of the invention are a process for controlled radical polymerization, oligomers/polymers obtainable by said process and the use of specific addition fragmentation agents for the polymerization process. The addition fragmentation agents are new in part and these are also subject of the present invention. The addition fragmentation agents are of the formula (Ia), (Ib) or (Ic) where Y is a group which activates the double bond towards Michael addition.

Abstract: A process of making a vinyl caprolactam (VCL)-based polymer which comprises suspension polymerizing the monomers in aqueous medium in the absence of an added protective colloid, wherein polymer formed at an early stage of the polymerization functions as a dispersing agent to maintain polymer particles suspended in water throughout the polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed are functionalized styrene derivatives containing carbazole and their anionic polymerization. Styrene derivatives containing carbazole, and homopolymers or copolymers of the styrene derivatives can be synthesized by the anionic polymerization method. Thusly synthesized high molecular weight polymer containing carbazole has advantages of thermal stability, optical properties, and defined molecular weight and limited molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: Binder formulations based on aqueous polymer dispersions having a minimum film-forming temperature of below 10° C. and comprising at least one binder polymer P in the form of an aqueous dispersion comprising at least one anionic emulsifier and at least one nonionic emulsifier.

Abstract: An image-forming material is described, comprising on an support an acid-generating agent selected from a sulfonic acid ester of a specific structure generating an acid by the action of heat and the polymer thereof, and a compound causing a light absorption change in the absorption region of from 350 to 700 nm by an intramolecular or intermolecular reaction by the action of an acid. The image-forming material has a high sensitivity and excellent storage stability and gives low haze and good images in the case of performing image formation using a high-output laser light.

Abstract: A precursor polymer that can be electrochemically polymerized to form an electrically conducting polymer. A precursor according to the present invention includes a plurality of electrochemical polymerizable monomers, each monomer having first and second polymer-forming active sites that can be joined by electrochemical polymerization. The monomers also include third and fourth polymer-forming active sites that can be joined chemically in solution. The monomers in the precursor polymer are linked by the third and fourth polymer-forming active sites. The monomers are chosen such the precursor polymer is soluble in a predetermined solvent while the polymer resulting from the electrochemical polymerization of the precursor polymers via the first and second polymer-forming sites is electrically conducting and insoluble in the solvent. The monomers can be synthesized from fluorene, triophene, pyrrol, biphenyl, poly(vinyl carbazole) or poly (vinyl oxy thiophene).

Abstract: A process for preparing a grafted polymer in which a substrate polymer is graft reacted with a nitrogen-containing grafting monomer in the presence of a free radical initiator and an amide coupling inhibitor that reduces polymer crosslinking during the graft reaction.

Abstract: The reaction of unsaturated carbonates such as vinyl ethylene carbonate with N-aminoethylimidazolidone (TAM) under mild conditions generates a mixture of two vinyl and hydroxy functional imidazolidone carbamates which polymerize readily into acrylate or vinyl acetate based emulsion polymers. The polymers show enhanced wet adhesion (wet scrubbability) in latex paints and coatings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymer compositions and methods of polymerizing such compositions. Furthermore, the present invention relates to polymer compositions that are useful in forming waveguides and to methods for making waveguides using such polymer compositions.

Abstract: Fluorocopolymers resulting from the polymerization of a polyfluoromonomer, of an aminoalcohol (meth)acrylate and of methacrylic acid in a distillable organic solvent, and aqueous compositions containing them.

Abstract: Provided are a method, upon radical copolymerization of a vinyl-containing porphyrin compound and a radically polymerizable monomer, thereby obtaining a porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymer, of controlling reactivity of the porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymer with a metal by selecting the radically polymerizable monomer; and a method for measuring a trace metal by measuring a change in absorbance caused by a complex forming reaction between a porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymer, which has been obtained by radical copolymerization of a vinyl-containing porphyrin compound and a radically polymerizable monomer, and a heavy metal ion, the radically polymerizable monomer being selected so as to heighten reaction selectivity of the porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymer to a metal to be measured.

Abstract: A process of making a vinyl caprolactam (VCL)-based polymer which comprises suspension polymerizing the monomers in aqueous medium in the absence of an added protective colloid, wherein polymer formed at an early stage of the polymerization functions as a dispersing agent to maintain polymer particles suspended in water throughout the polymerization.

Abstract: A hindered amine compound having thesolubility in an acidic solution of 5.0×10−3 eq./liter or less comprising at least two specific organic groups in a specific weight ratio in a molecule, or at least two specific monomeric units, which can be used as a stabilizer of a resin.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a polymer comprising imidazole ring units having nitrogen at the 1 and 3 positions of the ring; a carbon at each of the 2, 4 and 5 positions of the ring; and radical substituents G1 and G2 carried at the 4 and 5 positions. G1 and G2 are each independently selected from cyano, substituents derived from cyano, and substituents which replace cyano. The polymers formed by at least two of the cyclic imidazole units. In another embodiment, the invention provides new imidazole compounds usable as monomers to form the polymers. In still another embodiment, the invention provides a method for using the polymers as a coupling/activator for synthon synthesis.

Abstract: Synthetic polymers having moieties capable of covalent or hydrogen bonding to cellulose and one or more amphiphilic moieties are disclosed. These polymers are capable of providing two distinct properties to paper products, such as tissues, which properties heretofore have been imparted through the use of at least two different molecules. The backbone of these synthetic polymers is based on modified vinyl polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides and polyacrylic acids.

Abstract: There is desribed a novel process for preparing interpolymers comprising ethylene and at least two monomer units selected from heteroatom substituted olefin monomer units derived from a compound of the formula XV wherein E and G represent the same or different heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, which are bound to a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl group, or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or are joined by a linking group; and n is 0 or an integer from 1-20; or 2,3-dihydrofuran, or vinylcyclopropane, and interpolymers prepared thereby, including novel interpolymers having melting peak temperatures (Tm) equal to or greater than 50° C.

Abstract: Hydrophilic coatings for implants are disclosed. The coatings are hydrophobically bound to the implant, but are not covalently cross-linked or covalently anchored to the implant's surface.

Abstract: A high molecular weight water soluble acrylamide based polymer having improved flocculating and dewatering properties is provided. The polymer is prepared by a process in which a small quantity of a chain branching agent is added to the polymerization reaction mixture continuously or stepwise while the monomers are polymerized. The polymer is useful in solid/liquid separations such as flocculants and coagulants in wastewater treatment applications, and as thickening agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides high density, non-volatile memory devices incorporating polymers comprised of sandwich coordination compounds. Such polymers can have multiple different and distinguishable oxidation states (e.g., ten different and distinguishable oxidation states), and thus provide molecules, information storage media and apparatus that store multiple bits of information. In addition, the polymers can be immobilized or bound to a substrate to produce other useful articles, such as electrochromic displays, molecular capacitors, and batteries.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a continuous process for the production of anionically-polymerized organic materials having controlled architectures. The organic materials may be made from one or more temperature-sensitive anionically-polymerizable monomers. The materials are made under plug-flow and temperature-controlled conditions.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an ethylenimine polymer aqueous solution which has a high concentration (high resin content) and is less changeable with the passage of time, that is, has a stabilized quality. The above process comprises polymerizing ethylenimine in a water based medium at a temperature of 80° C. or lower and then ripening it at a temperature of 100 to 150° C.

Abstract: Provided are porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymers obtained by radical copolymerization of a radically polymerizable monomer with a porphyrin compound represented by formula (1) or (2): where R represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group. Also provided are a trace metal measuring reagent and a trace metal removing agent, each containing the porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymer. The porphyrin-nucleus introduced polymer can be obtained as a compound having desired properties or reactivity by making use of easily available porphyrin compounds. The polymer is useful as a reagent for measuring or an agent for removing heavy metals.

Abstract: The open time of a cementitious composition, such as a grout, may be increased by the incorporating therein, as a binder, a polymer composition comprising a film-forming copolymer formed by polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising 1 to 3% of at least one monomer selected from the group of monomers consisting of amides of &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated C3 to C6 carboxylic acids and at least one hydroxy-(C1 to C8)alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer, wherein the total amount of these monomers is from 2 to 7.5% by weight of said monomer mixture.

Abstract: Metal oxide and metal oxide-silica nanoparticles are disclosed wherein the surfaces thereof are complexed with a polymerizable, biocompatible, heterocyclic base. Polymerizable compositions are prepared by loading such nanoparticles into acrylate based monomer matrices, which compositions can then be photocured into X-ray opaque, transparent or translucent solids. Methods are disclosed for forming such complexed nanoparticles and compositions and for using such compositions as medical or dental restoratives.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method for synthesizing superabsorbent polyacrylate polymers comprising the steps of providing an acrylate monomer, a multifunctional monomer, and free radical initiator in the absence of a solvent; mixing the acrylate monomer, multifunctional monomer, and free radical initiator to create a solvent free solution; and subjecting the solvent free solution to radiation to create a cross-linked polymer. The product created by this method is also a part of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process for a vinylpyrrolidone polymer which process prevents the polymerization reaction of N-vinylpyrrolidone from being hindered by by-products (as formed by nucleomethylation of N-vinylpyrrolidone) or &ggr;-butyrolactone, and therefore enables to obtain a vinylpyrrolidone polymer that has a desired molecular weight and involves only a small amount of residual monomers, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone polymer can display excellent properties even if the vinylpyrrolidone polymer is, for example, crosslinked to convert it into a water-absorbent resin. The production process for a vinylpyrrolidone polymer comprises the step of polymerizing a polymerizable monomer component or components which include N-vinylpyrrolidone, wherein: the N-vinylpyrrolidone as used is N-vinylpyrrolidone having a &ggr;-butyrolactone content of not more than 500 ppm; and/or the N-vinylpyrrolidone as used is N-vinylpyrrolidone obtained without using acetylene as a raw material.

Abstract: Hydrophilic coatings for implants are disclosed. The coatings are hydrophobically bound to the implant, but are not covalently cross-linked or covalently anchored to the implant's surface.

Abstract: The invention provides water-soluble copolymers without crosslinking, consisting of the following components: A 5-95% by weight of bivalent structural units derived from acrylamidopropenylmethylenesulfonic acid or its salts, B 1-45% by weight of bivalent structural units derived from open-chain N-vinylamides, C 1-45% by weight of bivalent structural units derived from cyclic N-vinyl-substituted amides, and if desired D 0-50% by weight of a further comonomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile, the components A to C and, if present, D adding up to 100% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a crosslinked polymer excellent in ion exchange capacity and catalytic activity and in resistance to thermal decomposition and widely applicable in various fields of use; a crosslinking agent which is suited for use as a raw material in the production of crosslinked polymers; a method of producing crosslinked polymers; a method of producing a spherical particle which is suited for use in the production of crosslinked polymers; a method of producing a hydroxy alkyl (meth)acrylate; and a method of producing glycols using the crosslinked polymers.

Abstract: To provide a composition for coating or printing for baking finish which assures a small amount of misting and excellent physical properties of a coating film such as mechanical strength, water resistance, solvent resistance and adhesiveness. The composition comprises a benzoguanamine compound having at least one radically polymerizable double bond and a polymerizable functional group in its molecule and as the case demands, a radically polymerizable (meth)acrylate compound.

Abstract: Terpolymers based on (meth)acrylamide, hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate and sulfobetaine monomers and their use as thickeners for aqueous salt solutions are described. The terpolymers display their thickening effect within wide concentration and density ranges of the aqueous salt solutions. In addition, their thermal stability is retained also with respect to salt solutions containing calcium chloride and/or calcium bromide and/or zinc bromide.

Abstract: A copolymer obtainable by free-radical polymerization of A) 50-99.99% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated C3-C5 monocarboxylic acid, of an olefinically unsaturated C4-C8 dicarboxylic acid or the anhydride thereof or a mixture of such carboxylic acids or anhydrides with B) 0.01-50% by weight of an olefinically unsaturated quaternary ammonium compound of the formula I or II  where R1 is C6-C20-alkyl, C6-C20-alkenyl, C5-C8-cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl(C1-C12-alkyl) or (C1-C12-alkyl)phenyl, R2 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, R3 and R4 are each H or C1-C4-alkyl, X is halogen, C1-C4-alkoxysulfonyloxy or C1-C4-alkanesulfonate, it also being possible for the latter to occur as R3 or R4 with the formation of a betaine structure, Y is O or NH, and A is C1-C6-alkylene, or a mixture of such ammonium compounds, C) 0 to 49.

Abstract: These compositions comprise at least one compound (A) and at least one compound (B) containing electron enriched or depleted olefinic double bonds, respectively.

Abstract: Water-soluble or water-swellable crosslinked copolymers consisting essentially of structural units of the formula 1 1

Abstract: A process of making a cosmetically or pharmaceutically-acceptable emulsion or gel composition which comprises: (a) heating a reaction mixture comprising, by weight, about 5-70% of a vinyl monomer in about 30-95% of an oil as solvent, wherein said oil is selected from the group consisting of a silicone oil, a mineral oil and a water-insoluble organic ester and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or an oil soluble surfactant, with agitation, under an inert gas, at about 40-150° C., wherein the oil is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant vinyl polymer in a stirrable state until the end of the polymerization, (b) adding a surfactant, if a suitable surfactant was not present during polymerization, and, (c) then adding water to form an oil-in-water, a water-in-oil or a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion or gel, in a volume ratio of oil-in-water of 30:70 to 10:90, or water-in-oil of 90:10 to 30:70.

Abstract: A polyacrylate ester, and more particularly a polymethacrylate ester based dispersant-viscosity improver for lubricating oil compositions. Specifically, the dispersant viscosity improvers of this invention are nitrogen-containing copolymers comprising units derived from (A) from about 5% to about 75% by weight of alkyl acrylate ester monomers containing from 1 to 11 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; (B) from about 25% to about 95% by weight of alkyl acrylate ester monomers containing from 12 to about 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; and (C) from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of at least one nitrogen containing monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomers, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate monomers, N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide monomers and tertiary-alkyl acrylamides, provided that the total equals 100%. Processes for preparing the compositions, additive concentrates and lubricating oil compositions are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process for a vinylpyrrolidone polymer which process prevents the polymerization reaction of N-vinylpyrrolidone from being hindered by by-products (as formed by nucleomethylation of N-vinylpyrrolidone) or &ggr;-butyrolactone, and therefore enables to obtain a vinylpyrrolidone polymer that has a desired molecular weight and involves only a small amount of residual monomers, wherein the vinylpyrrolidone polymer can display excellent properties even if the vinylpyrrolidone polymer is, for example, crosslinked to convert it into a water-absorbent resin. The production process for a vinylpyrrolidone polymer comprises the step of polymerizing a polymerizable monomer component or components which include N-vinylpyrrolidone, wherein: the N-vinylpyrrolidone as used is N-vinylpyrrolidone having a &ggr;-butyrolactone content of not more than 500 ppm; and/or the N-vinylpyrrolidone as used is N-vinylpyrrolidone obtained without using acetylene as a raw material.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a non-birefringent optical resin, characterized by copolymerizing a monomer mixture consisting of the following monomers (A) to (E) at such a ratio as to give the resin having an absolute value of orientational birefringence of less than 1×10−6; wherein (A): 5 to 40 wt % of a methacrylic or acrylic ester having a C5-C22 aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the ester moiety; (B): 50 to 80 wt % of methyl methacrylate; (C): 5 to 40 wt % of an N-substituted maleimide; (D): 0 to 30 wt % of benzyl methacrylate; (E): 0 to 10 wt % of a monomer copolymerizable with these monomers, and optical elements made by using the resin prepared by this process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ink composition which comprises water, an acid dye, a monovalent salt, a polyquaternary amine compound, and an optional nonionic or cationic surfactant, said ink being substantially free of organic solvents. The ink is particularly suitable for applications such as ink jet printing and marking pens. The disclosed inks in some embodiments are substantially indelible. Also disclosed is a composition for removing the ink compositions from substrates to which they have been applied which comprises water and a dianionic surfactant, optionally further containing a salt, urea, and/or a viscosity building agent such as a gum.

Abstract: A non-aqueous, heterogeneous polymerization process comprises heating a reaction mixture of about 5-70%, preferably 10-30%, by weight, of a vinyl monomer in an oil as solvent, and a free radical initiator, optionally in the presence of a crosslinking agent and/or a surfactant, wherein the oil solvent is present in an amount sufficient to keep the resultant polymer in a stirrable state throughout the polymerization. The polymer reaction product is capable of forming a uniform emulsion or gel upon addition of water thereto.