Abstract: Membranes made from amphiphilic copolymers are disclosed. The amphiphilic copolymers can be ABA copolymers, where one of A and B is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic. The copolymers may be crosslinked to form more stable structures. Crosslinking can be accomplished using a variety of methods, including end to end polymerization of copolymers having terminal unsaturated groups. Molecules such as membrane proteins can be incorporated into the membrane to allow the transport there through of selected components.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for making acrylonitrile fibers. More particularly, it concerns a method for making acrylonitrile fibers characterized in that it is carried out in the presence of at least an azocarboxylic acid ester.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protolytically leaving group-containing copolymer having improved characteristics such as increased solubility in alkaline aqueous solution in the presence of a proton, thus finding application with advantage in various uses, and a process for producing the copolymer. A protolytically leaving group-containing copolymer represented by the following general formula (1): in the formula, R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represents a protolytically leaving group and a, b and c represent the amounts of existence (mole %) of repeating units (A), (B) and (C), respectively, in the copolymer, which comprises the repeating unit (A) as well as the repeating unit (B) and/or the repeating unit (C) and has a weight average molecular weight of 2000˜30000, said a, b and c satisfying the condition that a is 5 to 30 mole % and (b+c) is 70 to 95 mole %.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward cyanoacrylate-based tissue adhesive or sealant compositions comprising cyanoacrylate-capped heterochain polymers, such as those comprising one or more oxyalkylene, alkylene carbonate, and ester-units derived from cyclic lactones. Such compositions can be radiochemically sterilized and used in repairing internal organs or tissue blocking body conduits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymer comprising at least one unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing at least one cyano functionality and at least one nonaromatic cyclic unit. The novel polymer is particularly useful when used in a photoresist composition sensitive in the deep ultraviolet region.

Abstract: A hydrogenated nitrile rubber having lower molecular weights and narrower molecular weight distributions than those known in the art can be prepared by the olefin metathesis of nitrile butadiene rubber, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting metathesized NBR.

Abstract: A synthetic process comprising the following steps: providing a reaction mixture comprising: an ethylenically unsaturated anhydride monomer, at least one ethylenically unsaturated non-anhydride monomer, a free radical initiator, and an alkyl substituted THF solvent having the general structure of formula 1: 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to branched copolymers based on unsaturated nitrites and conjugated dienes which are characterized in that the content of bonded unsaturated nitrile is 15 to 50 wt. %, the Mooney viscosity ranges from 15 to 150 MU [ML 1+4/100° C.], the chain branching ranges from 0 to 20° (determined by the &Dgr;&dgr;B value) and the solubility is ≧85 wt. % (measured in methyl ethyl ketone at 20° C.).

Abstract: A 2-cyanoacrylate composition comprising a cyclic phenol sulfide derivative. The composition has a high curing rate and is excellent in moist-heat resistance, surface curability and clearance curability.

Abstract: It is disclosed that a saccharide-derived monomer in which polymerizable functional group is introduced into hydroxyl group or other functional group contained in a saccharide or a saccharide derivative compound and cyanoethyl group is introduced into all of or a part of the remaining hydroxyl group or other functional group.

Abstract: The positive image-forming material comprises a resin including a repeating unit corresponding to a specific monomer having an &agr;-heteromethyl structure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of addition polymers containing branches upon branches and having a polymerizable olefin end group by a convenient one-pot polymerization of selected vinyl monomers with chain polymerization initiators and a method to provide olefinic end groups by chain termination agents; and polymers produced thereby characterized by branch-on-branch structure and lower inherent viscosity than heretofore possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymer comprising at least one unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing at least one cyano functionality and at least one nonaromatic cyclic unit. The novel polymer is particularly useful when used in a photoresist composition sensitive in the deep ultraviolet region.

Abstract: A radical polymerizable compound comprising a structure represented by the following formula (I), (II) or (III): 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymer comprising at least one unit derived from an ethylenically unsaturated compound containing at least one cyano functionality and at least one nonaromatic cyclic unit. The novel polymer is particularly useful when used in a photoresist composition sensitive in the deep ultraviolet region.

Abstract: A method for photopolymerizing a monomer mixture to form a lens involves charging to a mold a monomer mixture including lens-forming monomers, and exposing the monomer mixture in the mold to a light source including light in the visible region of the spectrum. The method is useful for monomer mixtures that include a UV-absorbing compound and/or a tinting agent. Preferably, the monomer mixtures include a polymerization initiator including a phosphine oxide moiety.

Abstract: A radiation-curable composition which includes a cyanoacrylate component or a cyanoacrylate-containing formulation; a metallocene component; and a polymerizingly effective amount of a photoinitiator to accelerate the rate of cure is provided.

Abstract: A method of making a sterile adhesive composition includes placing a mixture of a polymerizable adhesive monomer and a thickening agent in a container, sealing the container, and sterilizing the mixture and the container. The method provides superior viscosity for the monomer composition. An adhesive composition includes 2-octyl cyanoacrylate and at least one thickener. The sterile adhesive composition is particularly useful as a medical adhesive and can comprise 1,1-disubstituted ethylene monomers, such as &agr;-cyanoacrylates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymer capable of forming an ultra-fine pattern with excellent rectangular shape in a silylated surface resolution process using a chemically amplified type resist composition as single layer or the most upper layer among multiple layers and to a resist composition using the polymer. The said polymer and resist composition are useful in a silylated surface resolution process, and by conducting the silylated surface resolution process using the said resist composition, contrast of silylation becomes higher and it becomes possible to obtain ultra-fine pattern regardless of the kind of exposure energy.

Abstract: A method of treating living tissue includes applying to living tissue a biocompatible adhesive composition, where the adhesive composition contains at least one alkyl ester cyanoacrylate monomer and a polymerization initiator or accelerator, wherein the polymerization initiator or accelerator is a quaternary amine, or where the adhesive composition contains a mixture of two monomer species having different absorption rates.

Abstract: This invention relates to cyanoacrylate-containing compositions that include, in addition to the cyanoacrylate component, the combination of two accelerators to improve fixture speeds on certain substrates.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a telechelic polymer (mono- or bi-telechelic) that use a ruthenium or osmium carbene catalyst and a capping agent, at least one of which is functionalized.

Abstract: The present invention provides paper coating slips comprising a low-crosslink copolymer as their binder.

Abstract: The nonlinear optically active copolymers according to the invention are polyadducts of at least one organic di- or polycyanate and a nonlinear optically active compound, i.e. a chromophore. These copolymers have outstanding thermal stability and are suitable for the fabrication of technically useful electro-optical and photonic components with long-term stability.

Abstract: Carbamate-functional allyl monomers and methods for making them are disclosed. The monomers, which are easy to prepare, readily polymerize with common ethylenic monomers to give low-molecular-weight resins without the need for solvents or chain-transfer agents. Coatings made from the resins should have good durability, good acid etch resistance, good mar resistance, high gloss, and high DOI.

Abstract: Biscyanoacrylates in solution are prepared by reacting 2-cyanoacrylic acids or their alkyl esters with diols in the presence of sulfonic acids as catalysts. The reaction mixture is processed by substituting an aliphatic solvent for the aromatic solvent and is then subjected twice to fractional crystallization. The thus obtained biscyanoacrylates are very pure. They are therefore useful for producing storage stable cyanoacrylate adhesives. Their admixture increases the thermal resistance of the adhesives, which is particularly important in the case of electric and electronic components.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to cyanoacrylate-based compositions, which include in addition to the cyanoacrylate component, a thermal-resistance conferring agent, such as an alkylating agent and/or silylating agent, which provides reaction products of the compositions with improved thermal resistance properties.

Abstract: Carbamate-functional allyl monomers and methods for making them are disclosed. The monomers, which are easy to prepare, readily polymerize with common ethylenic monomers to give low-molecular-weight resins without the need for solvents or chain-transfer agents. Coatings made from the resins should have good durability, good acid etch resistance, good mar resistance, high gloss, and high DOI.

Abstract: A planar, solid-state electrochemical oxygen sensor having a substrate, conductive strips deposited on the substrate, and a dielectric layer insulating portions of the conductive strips except those portions which define a working electrode and at least one second electrode. The working electrode may be defined by an open printed region of the dielectric, or by a needle-punched or laser-burned hole or opening in the dielectric which exposes a small region of one of the conduct strips. A solid electrolyte contacting the electrodes is covered by a semipermeable membrane which may comprise an acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer or an acrylate-based copolymer. A sample chamber is defined by the membrane, a cover member, and a gasket therebetween, and has a volume of from about 1 to about 2 .mu.l. The gasket is formulated from the highly cross-linked polymerization product of epichlorohydrin. All sensor components are selected such that a sensor operable for at least 2 days under normal conditions is produced.

Abstract: Graft polymers of unsaturated monomers onto anionically modified polyureas are outstandingly suitable as binders in the coating of any desired substrates, for example leather.

Abstract: A polymer for a photo-conductive layer and a preparation method thereof is provided. The polymer is suitable for using as a charge transporting material for a photo-conductive layer owing to its excellent electron transporting capacity as well as high solubility to a solvent and good compatibility with the binder polymer.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I) ##STR1## characterised in that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of COOR, CN, aryl, substituted aryl, COOH, halogen, C(O)NHR.sup.4, C(O)NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 ;X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of H, COOH, COOR, CN, R.sup.3 CO--, C(O)NHR.sup.4, C(O)NR.sup.5 R.sup.6, P(O)(OR.sup.7).sub.2 and SO.sub.2 R.sup.8 ; with the proviso that X and Y are not both H; or X and Y together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system which can contain oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms; and R, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are various groups;and polymers and copolymers derived from such compounds.

Abstract: Cycloolefin copolymer having a solution viscosity (eta)>=0.25 dl/g, A) comprising polymerized units of at least one polycyclic olefin, B) polymerized units of at least one olefin which comprise at least one double bond and, if desired, C) polymerized units of one or more acyclic monoolefins, wherein the equivalent weight with regard to olefinic double bonds is less than or equal to the number-average molecular weight, and which additionally contains at least one repeating unit which possesses at least two electron withdrawing groups. The cycloolefin copolymer is suitable as a coating composition and as an additive.

Abstract: A process for forming dielectric particles includes admixing a vinyl halide monomer and a crosslinker in a liquid dispersion medium to form a first mixture. A second mixture of an initiator and a stabilizer is prepared and added to the first mixture to form a third mixture in which the monomer polymerizes to form white crystalline polymer particles which are sonified for uniformity. The particles may be stained by exposure to a dehydrohalegenation reagent and dispersed in an electrophoretic fluid for use in an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: An activator for cyanoacrylate adhesives based on N,N-dialkyl aniline derivatives is provided. The activators are characterized by a molecular weight of more than 200 and by at most 3 carbon atoms for both N,N-dialkyl substituents together. Also provided are methods of production and use of the activator and to the combination product of the activator and the cyanoacrylate adhesive.

Abstract: A coating resin comprising a polymer obtained by polymerizing an unsaturated monomer represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is H or an alkyl group, and X is selected from: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.8 represent independently a hydrocarbon group, etc., and Py is a pyridyl group, alone or together with one or more other unsaturated monomers can give an antifouling coating composition having no safety problem, good storage stability and excellent antifouling effect for a long period of time.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with linear and cyclic polymers or oligomers having a photoreactive ethene group. The polymers are of the formula ##STR1## wherein M.sub.a, M.sub.b, M.sub.c are monomer units for homo- or copolymers;x, y, z are mole fractions of the copolymers, whereby in each case 0<x.ltoreq.1; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.z<1;S.sub.a, S.sub.b are spacer units;Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b are molecule units which can undergo photochemical isomerization/dimerization;n is a magnitude of 4-100 000 andm is 0 or 1,The compounds are used as an orientating layer for liquid crystals.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: A copolymer rubber which consists essentially of (A) from 70 to 99 wt % of a cyano group-containing acrylate of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.2-6 alkylene group or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --,(B) from 1 to 30 wt % of an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile,(C) from 0 to 10 wt % of at least one monomer selected from the following monomers:a) an active halogen group-containing monomerb) an epoxy group-containing monomerc) a carboxyl group-containing monomerd) a diene compounde) a (meth)acrylate having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in its side chain, and(D) from 0 to 15 wt % of other ethylenically unsaturated monomer which is copolymerizable with each of the above components (A), (B) and (C), andwhich has a Mooney viscosity (ML.sub.1+4 (100.degree. C.)) of at least 5.

Abstract: An activator for cyanoacrylate adhesives based on N,N-dialkyl aniline derivatives is provided. The activators are characterized by a molecular weight of more than 200 and by at most 3 carbon atoms for both N,N-dialkyl substituents together. Also provided are methods of production and use of the activator and to the combination product of the activator and the cyanoacrylate adhesive.

Abstract: The invention describes a redox initiating system consisting of Cu.sup.II salts, enolizable aldehydes and ketones, and various combinations of coordinating agents for Cu.sup.II, coordinating agents for Cu.sup.I, and a strong amine base that is not oxidized by Cu.sup.II. In particular, Cu.sup.II octanoate/dibenzyl ketone/pyridine/triethylamine/triphenylphosphine systems are effective. In addition to initiating free radical polymerizations and copolymerizations, this initiating system can be applied to the synthesis of functionalized telechelics, polymers with ketone linkages in the backbone, block and graft copolymers consisting of free-radical and step-growth polymer blocks, and crosslinking reactions.

Abstract: New copolymers are disclosed which are copolymers of 1-(1'-cyanoethenyl)adamantane or 2-norbornene-2-carbonitrile monomer with an acrylate or methacrylate monomer. Resist compositions are also disclosed which comprise one of the disclosed new copolymers and an acid generator. The resist compositions advantageously form thinner resist films on substrates and, on the exposure to light having a short wavelength, such as KrF and ArF excimer laser light, provide finer resist pattern required in the production of advanced, highly integrated semiconductor devices. Novel 1-(1'-cyanoethenyl)adamantane is also disclosed.

Abstract: Low molecular weight crosslinking agents useful in coatings based on esters of acrylamidoglycolate ethers are disclosed. The copolymeric crosslinking agents of the invention are prepared by copolymerizing a reactive acrylamidoglycolate monomer such as MAGME.RTM. methyl acrylamidoglycolate methyl ether with comonomers such as methyl methacrylate or butyl acrylate. The process of preparing the copolymeric crosslinkers of the invention makes use of chain transfer agents to limit the molecular weight of the crosslinking agents to 10,000 or less.

Abstract: Novel fumaronitriles and dicyanophenanthrenes, for example, bis(4-fluorophenyl)fumaronitrile and 3,6-difluoro-9,10-dicyanophenanthrene which can be produced from the fumaronitrile, produce useful homopolymers and copolymers for high temperature applications; the homopolgymers and copolymers derived from the dicyanophenanthrenes can be converted to colored phthalocyanine group-containing polymers which are soluble in organic solvents and can be cast as films which may form the charge generating layer of an electrophotography device.

Abstract: Methine or azamethine dye polymers useful in nonlinear optics contain as characteristic monomer units radicals of the formulae I, II, III and IV ##STR1## where G is a divalent organic radical,Z is nitrogen or CH,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, trideuterated methyl or chlorine,R.sup.5 is hydrogen or deuterium,Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene,E is oxygen, imino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino, andX is hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, phenoxy, amino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -mono- or -dialkylamino, andthe ring A can be benzofused, and have an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000.

Abstract: Conjugated conductive polymers which are photo-responsive upon ultra-violet light or visible light irradiation are prepared from copolymerization of photo-responsive groups containing heterocyclic monomers and 3-substituted heterocyclic monomers with the substituent containing a flexible segment like an alkyl group, ethoxyl group or siloxane group. The conductivity of the polymer can be controlled reversibly by irradiation of light and so can be used in optical-electronic applications or a production of detectors.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with linear and cyclic polymers or oligomers having a photoreactive ethene group. The polymers are of the formula ##STR1## wherein M.sub.a, M.sub.b, M.sub.c are monomer units for homo- or copolymers;x, y, z are mole fractions of the copolymers, whereby in each case 0<x.ltoreq.1; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.z<1;S.sub.a, S.sub.b are spacer units;Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b are molecular units which can undergo photochemical isomerization/dimerization;n is a magnitude of 4-100 000 andm is 0 or 1,The compounds are used as an orienting layer for liquid cyrstals.