Abstract: A polymeric reaction product is prepared by a process comprising a reaction, under free radical conditions, of a reaction mixture containing at least one monomer (a) capable of undergoing free radical reactions, in the presence of a compound (I) of the formula: 1

Abstract: Fluorine-modified comb polymers based on acryloyldimethyltaurine The invention provides water-soluble or water-swellable copolymers obtainable by free-radical copolymerization of

Abstract: Disclosed are a precursor composition, a rubber component and a shear ply prepared from the precursor composition, and methods for making and using the same. The precursor composition includes a first hydrogenated nitrile conjugated-diene copolymer modified by a metal salt unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, wherein the first hydrogenated nitrile conjugated-diene copolymer is derived from a first ethylenically unsaturated nitrile and a first conjugated diene a second hydrogenated nitrile conjugated-diene copolymer derived from a second ethylenically unsaturated nitrile and a second conjugated diene; and a curing agent.

Abstract: An olefin polymerization pre-catalyst, an activated catalyst and a process for preparing the catalysts are described herein.

Abstract: Rubber-free copolymers of unsaturated monomers selected from the group comprising styrenes and vinyl cyanides containing 65 wt. % to 80 wt. %, preferably 68 wt. % to 77 wt. % of styrene and 20 wt. % to 35 wt. %, preferably 23 wt. % to 32 wt. % of acrylonitrile, and a process and a device for the preparation thereof are set out and described. As a result of a gentle, two-stage evaporative treatment, the copolymers have a low residual monomer content, namely less than 20 ppm, preferably 10 ppm of acrylonitrile and less than 200 ppm, preferably 100 ppm of styrene and less than 200 ppm, preferably 100 ppm of ethyl benzene. To this end, solutions of the product are brought to concentrations greater than/equal to 99.8% in a first step of gentle concentration by introducing energy with simultaneous evaporation, and further monomers are removed in a second step without intermediate heating.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of addition polymers containing branches upon branches and having a polymerizable olefin end group by a convenient one-pot polymerization of selected vinyl monomers with chain polymerization initiators and a method to provide olefinic end groups by chain termination agents; and polymers produced thereby characterized by branch-on-branch structure and lower inherent viscosity than heretofore possible.

Abstract: The invention relates to an initiator system for radical polymerizations, which is characterized in that a combination of compounds of general formulas (I) and (II) is used, wherein: R′, R″, R′″ and R″″, are selected independently of one another, and represent; a) branched and unbranched C1 to C18 alkyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkenyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkynyl radical; b) C1 to C18 alkyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkenyl radicals, C3 to C18 alkynyl radicals, which are all substituted for at least one OH group or for a halogen atom or for a silyl ether; c) C2-C18 hetero-alkyl radicals having at least one O atom and/or an NR group in the carbon chain, whereby R is selected from one of groups a), b) or d) to g); d) C1-C18 alkyl radicals, C3-C18 alkenyl radicals, C3-C18 alkynyl radical, which are all substituted for at least one ester group, amine group, carbonate group and/or epoxy group and/or for sulfur and/or for sulfur compounds, especially thioether or dithio compounds; e) C3-C12

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing paper sizes which impart oil and grease resistance to paper and soil-release properties to textile products are described which are the copolymerization products of (a) a perfluoroalkyl-substituted (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide, (b) a secondary- or tertiary-amino or quaternary ammonium group-containing (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide, (c) vinylidene chloride and, optionally, d) other copolymerizable nonfluorinated vinyl monomers.

Abstract: The present invention provides carbon fiber paper consisting of an organic high-molecular compound as a binder and carbon fibers, characterized in that the carbon fibers contain thin fibers with an average diameter smaller than 5 &mgr;m and an average fiber length of 3 to 10 mm; a porous carbon electrode substrate for a fuel cell having a thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 mm and a bulk density of 0.3 to 0.8 g/cm3, also having a bending strength of 10 MPa or higher and a deflection of 1.5 mm or more at the time of bending, measured by a three-point bending test in conditions of using a sample width of 1 cm, a strain rate of 10 mm/min, and a distance between supporting points of 2 cm; and a method of producing a porous carbon electrode substrate for a fuel cell by impregnating the carbon fiber paper with a thermosetting resin, curing the thermosetting resin by heating and pressing treatment, and then carbonizing the paper.

Abstract: A hydrogenated nitrile rubber having lower molecular weights and narrower molecular weight distributions than those known in the art can be prepared by the olefin metathesis of nitrile butadiene rubber, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting metathesized NBR.

Abstract: It has been discovered that the polymerization of unsaturated compounds, such as butadiene, may be inhibited by the addition of a diene and/or alkanolamine inhibitor. The inhibitor is believed to catalytically destroy peroxides present, such as hydrogen peroxide, which may be present in trace amounts. Particularly useful inhibitors include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine (EDA) and monoethanolamine (MEA).

Abstract: A high molecular weight water soluble acrylamide based polymer having improved flocculating and dewatering properties is provided. The polymer is prepared by a process in which a small quantity of a chain branching agent is added to the polymerization reaction mixture continuously or stepwise while the monomers are polymerized. The polymer is useful in solid/liquid separations such as flocculants and coagulants in wastewater treatment applications, and as thickening agents.

Abstract: A polymer having fluorinated vinyl phenol units copolymerized with acrylonitrile units has high transmittance to VUV radiation. A resist composition using the polymer as a base resin has high sensitivity and resolution to high-energy radiation and good plasma etching resistance and is suited for lithographic microprocessing.

Abstract: A new polymerization process (atom transfer radical polymerization, or ATRP) based on a redox reaction between a transition metal (e.g., Cu(I)/Cu(II), provides “living” or controlled radical polymerization of styrene, (meth)acrylates, and other radically polymerizable monomers. Using various simple organic halides as model halogen atom transfer precursors (initiators) and transition metal complexes as a model halogen atom transfer promoters (catalysts), a “living” radical polymerization affords (co)polymers having the predetermined number average molecular weight by &Dgr;[M]/[I]0 (up to Mn>105) and a surprisingly narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn), as low as 1.15. The participation of free radical intermediates in ATRP is supported by end-group analysis and stereochemistry of the polymerization. In addition, polymers with various topologies (e.g.

Abstract: A polymerisation process for the preparation of vinylic polymers from the corresponding vinylic monomers which process comprises the step of reacting a vinylic monomer in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a) a metal complex of general formula (I) where A is selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, titanium, zirconium, vanadium and the rare earth metals; L1, L2, L3 and L4 are ligands and b) a Lewis acid of general formula (II) wherein at least one of W, Y or Z is capable of forming a co-ordination bond with A and the others of W, Y and Z are bulky groups; D is selected from the group consisting of aluminium, magnesium, zinc and boron.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thiocarbonylthio compound represented by formula (I) 1

Abstract: The problem addressed by the invention was to find an anionic polymerization inhibitor for cyanoacrylate adhesives containing one or more cyanoacrylates, stabilizers against anionic and radical polymerization and auxiliaries typically used in such adhesive systems which, besides a reliable inhibiting effect, would counteract any increase in the setting time after storage. This problem was solved by using 2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxathiolanes as inhibitors.

Abstract: The ethylenic copolymer rubber according to the present invention is a novel and useful ethylenic copolymer rubber which can be cross-linked at a high velocity and is superior in scorching stability, in workability and in moldability, of which cross-linked product is superior in the mechanical properties, such as the cross-linked rubber strength etc., and in the form-preservability. A cross-linkable rubber composition containing this ethylenic copolymer rubber is utilized for producing, for example, cross-linked molded rubber product for use as sealing element and automobile weather strip sponge.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for controlling the architecture of copolymers of at least two unsaturated monomers, made by free-radical polymerization in the presence of a cobalt-containing chain transfer agent, including the control of molecular weight, degree of branching and vinyl end group termination, by varying at least one of the variables of molar ratio of monomers, their relative chain transfer constants, polymerization temperature and degree of conversion and amount of cobalt chain transfer agent, and polymers made thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of functionalized alkoxyamine initiators, new alkoxyamine initiators based on (meth)acrylate which are prepared by this process, and their use for the preparation of polymers.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a novel process for the preparation of carbon based structured materials with controlled topology, morphology and functionality. The nanostructured materials are prepared by controlled carbonization, or pyrolysis, of precursors comprising phase separated copolymers. The precursor materials are selected to phase separate and self organize in bulk, in solution, in the presence of phase selective solvents, at surfaces, interfaces or during fabrication, into articles, fibers or films exhibiting well-defined, self-organized morphology or precursors of well-defined, self-organized, bi- or tri-phasic morphology. Compositional control over the (co)polymers provides control over the structure of the phase separated precursor whose organization therein dictates the nanostructure of the material obtained after carbonization or pyrolysis, wherein each dimension of the formed structure can be predetermined.

Abstract: Improved processes for atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and novel polymers have been developed and are described. In certain embodiments, novel copolymers comprising a least one polymeric branch or polymeric block with a predominantly alternating monomer sequence are described. Novel copolymers comprising a least one polymeric branch or polymeric block with a gradient monomer structure are described. Additionally, novel copolymers comprising a least one polymeric branch or polymeric block with a predominantly periodic monomer sequence are also described. Novel copolymers having a water soluble backbone and at least two hydrophobic polymeric branches grafted to the water soluble backbone are also described.

Abstract: A copolymer comprising imidazole ring units having nitrogen at the 1 and 3 positions of the ring; a carbon at each of the 2, 4 and 5 positions of the ring; and radical substituents G1 and G2 carried at the 4 and 5 positions together with a non-imidazole monomer capable of undergoing addition polymerization. In the imidazole, G1 and G2 are each independently selected from cyano, substituents derived from cyano, and substituents which replace cyano. The invention also provides a method for using the co-polymers as a coupling/activator for synthon synthesis.

Abstract: A method of making a copolymer composition containing a copolymer, which includes the steps of (a) providing a donor monomer composition that includes an isobutylene type monomer; (b) mixing the donor monomer composition with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer composition that includes one or more ethylenically unsaturated acceptor monomers, and is substantially free of maleate type monomers and fumarate type monomers, and (c) polymerizing the mixture resulting from step (b) in the presence of a free radical polymerization initiator. The polymerization is carried out in the substantial absence of Lewis acids and/or transition metals. The isobutylene type monomer is present at a molar excess of at least 10 mol % based on the molar concentration of monomers in the ethylenically unsaturated monomer composition. The ethylenically unsaturated acceptor monomers are present in an amount of at least 15 mol % of the total monomer composition.

Abstract: A high molecular weight water soluble acrylamide based polymer having improved flocculating and dewatering properties is provided. The polymer is prepared by a process in which a small quantity of a chain branching agent is added to the polymerization reaction mixture continuously or stepwise while the monomers are polymerized. The polymer is useful in solid/liquid separations such as flocculants and coagulants in wastewater treatment applications, and as thickening agents.

Abstract: Copolymers prepared by radical polymerization of a fluorine-containing aromatic monomer and an acrylate-based comonomer that may or may not be fluorinated. The polymers are useful in lithographic photoresist compositions, particularly chemical amplification resists. In a preferred embodiment, the polymers are substantially transparent to deep ultraviolet (DUV) radiation, i.e., radiation of a wavelength less than 250 nm, including 157 nm and 248 nm radiation, and are thus useful in DUV lithographic photoresist compositions. A method for using the composition to generate resist images on a substrate is also provided, i.e., in the manufacture of integrated circuits or the like.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a single stage free radical precipitation polymerization process for producing a copolymer involving admixing a solvent, a free-radical-forming agent, (meth)acrylic acid, and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, vinyl acetate, methylmethacrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, and isopropylacrylamide; initiating a free-radical precipitation polymerization to form a plurality of polymer radicals; precipitating a polymer from said polymer radicals; maintaining the admixture of reactants at a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of said admixture; and controlling the temperature of said admixture to control the rate of propagation of the polymer. The process is useful for producing random copolymers of vinyl acetate or styrene with more than 4 percent and up to greater than 20 percent by weight of (meth)acrylic acid.

Abstract: A living polymerization process for preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with controlled molecular weight and molecular weight distribution is described. The polymerization reaction can be initiated by various polyhalocarbon initiators in conjunction with non-metallic reducing single electron transfer reagents as catalysts and accelerated by electron shuttles. The process occurs at room temperature in water or water-organic solvent medium. The polymerization provides PVC with a controlled molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. The halogen containing polymer compositions are useful as, among others, viscosity modifiers, impact modifiers and compatibilizers.

Abstract: A polymerization process comprises (1) contacting at least one polymerizable monomer in the presence of a metal catalyst in a reactor; (2) effectuating polymerization of the monomer; (3) adding a substituted olefin having at least one polar group to the reactor. The substituted olefin is different from the monomer. Vinyl-terminated macromers preferably are generated which can be homopolymerized or copolymerized with the monomer by the metal catalyst. A polymer of an olefin monomer and a substituted olefin comprising a backbone and a plurality of side chains. The polymer is characterized by an Rv of greater than about 0.85, where Rv is a measure of the relative number of vinyl groups in the polymer. In some polymers, the vinyl endgroups are transformed to other useful end groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing a polymer, which comprises subjecting a monomer containing at least a polar unsaturated compound to anionic polymerization in the presence of a phosphazenium compound represented by the formula (1): (wherein Z− is an anion of an active hydrogen compound in the form where a proton is eliminated from the active hydrogen compound and transferred to the anion; a, b, c and d each represents 1 or 0, but all of them are not simultaneously 0; and R may the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and two R(s) on the same nitrogen atom are optionally combined each other to form a cyclic structure), or in the presence of the phosphazenium compound and the active hydrogen compound. The resulting polymer is characterized by narrow molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: It has been discovered that the polymerization of unsaturated compounds, such as butadiene, may be inhibited by the addition of a diene and/or alkanolamine inhibitor. The inhibitor is believed to catalytically destroy peroxides present, such as hydrogen peroxide, which may be present in trace amounts. Particularly useful inhibitors include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine (EDA) and monoethanolamine (MEA).

Abstract: A method for continuously preparing a heat resistant &agr;-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer by bulk polymerization, comprising the steps of: a) Continuously charging a mixture of monomers including following materials into a continuous polymerization system with two or more stirred-vessel reactors connected in series: i) 60 to 75% (by weight of Yá-methylstyrene; ii) 25 to 40% by weight of acrylonitrile; iii) 5 to 15% by weight of a solvent, and iv) 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of a mixed initiator of an organic peroxide with a multifunctional group and an organic peroxide with a monofunctional group, b) Continuously polymerizing the monomer mixture charged at step a) starting from the first reactor to convert 50 to 70% by weight of total charged monomers into a polymer; and c) transferring reacted liquid containing the polymer from step b) to an evaporator, and then separating the polymer by evaporating unreacted monomers and solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to open chain alkoxyamine compounds useful as polymerization regulators. The open chain alkoxyamine compounds are useful for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The compounds of the present invention provide polymeric resin products having low polydispersity. The polymerization process proceeds with enhanced monomer to polymer conversion efficiency. In particular, this invention relates to stable free radical-mediated polymerization processes which provide homopolymers, random copolymer, block copolymers, multiblock copolymers, graft copolymers and the like, at enhanced rates of polymerization and enhanced monomer to polymer conversions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nitrile rubber polymers having lower molecular weights and narrower molecular weight distributions than those known in the art. The present invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of said nitrile rubber and the use of said nitrile rubber for the manufacture of shaped articles.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: A new class of “living” free radical initiators that are based on alkylperoxydiarylborane and its derivatives and that may be represented by the general formula. R—[O—O—B—&phgr;1(—&phgr;2)]n wherein n is from 1 to 4, R is a hydrogen or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having a molecular weight from 1 to about 500, and &phgr;1 and &phgr;2, independently, are selected from aryl radicals, based on phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, with the proviso that &phgr;1 and &phgr;2 can be the chemically bridged to each other with a linking group or with a direct chemical bond between the two aryl groups to form a cyclic ring structure that includes a boron atom are disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for bulk polymerization comprising an organometallic compound represented by specified formula and a thiol is provided. The specified organometallic compound is a metallocene compound such as titanocene or zirconocene. The use of this bulk polymerization catalyst comprising a metallocene compound and a thiol enables stable bulk polymerization of a polymerizable unsaturated compound such as an acrylic monomer, the reaction control of which has been difficult in the bulk polymerization of the prior art.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide polymerization catalyst which can produce quite efficiently (co)polymer having number average molecular weight and number of molecules which are accurately controlled in producing method of (co)polymer by the polymerization of polar unsaturated compound, and provide living polymerized (co)polymer obtained according to the producing method. For the purpose, polymerization catalyst composition which comprises the composition comprising organic oxysalt compound and hydroxycarbonyl compound having at least both an alcoholic hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group in the same molecule is provided and the polar unsaturated compound is polymerized by using the polymerization catalyst composition. The composition containing the obtained (co)polymer were able to provide thermosetting powder coating composition having particularly excellent characteristics.

Abstract: A new class of “living” free radical initiators that are based on alkylperoxydiarylborane and its derivatives and that may be represented by the general formula.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers having a water-soluble backbone and side units having in water a lower critical solution temperature, LCST, the polymers being obtainable by free-radical precipitation polymerization of water-soluble monomers and of macromonomers comprising a unit with an LCST whose heat-induced demixing temperature in aqueous solution is from 5 to 40° C. for a concentration by mass in water of 1% of the said unit. Also described is a process for preparing these polymers by free-radical precipitation polymerization, and aqueous compositions containing these polymers and the use of these polymers and compositions, especially in cosmetics, for the cleansing and/or making up and/or care and/or antisun protection of keratin materials.

Abstract: A new polymerization process (atom transfer radical polymerization, or ATRP) based on a redox reaction between a transition metal (e.g., Cu(I)/Cu(II), provides “living” or controlled radical polymerization of styrene, (meth)acrylates, and other radically polymerizable monomers. Using various simple organic halides as model halogen atom transfer precursors (initiators) and transition metal complexes as a model halogen atom transfer promoters (catalysts), a “living” radical polymerization affords (co)polymers having the predetermined number average molecular weight by &Dgr;[M]/[I]0 (up to Mn>105) and a surprisingly narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) as low as 1.15. The participation of free radical intermediates in ATRP is supported by end-group analysis and stereochemistry of the polymerization. In addition, polymers with various topologies (e.g.

Abstract: A catalyst for bulk polymerization comprising an organometallic compound represented by specified formula and a thiol is provided. The specified organometallic compound is a metallocene compound such as titanocene or zirconocene. The use of this bulk polymerization catalyst comprising a metallocene compound and a thiol enables stable bulk polymerization of a polymerizable unsaturated compound such as an acrylic monomer, the reaction control of which has been difficult in the bulk polymerization of the prior art.

Abstract: A method has been described of preparing monodisperse polymer particles by free radical polymerization or copolymerization of hydrophobic monomers in a water-based system in the presence of cyclodextrin, characterized in that said free radical polymerization is performed with semi-continuous addition of monomer, wherein said monomer is absent before initiating polymerization, and in that a total solid contents of less than 30% by weight is present in said water-based system, in order to provide monodisperse polymer particles which are very suitable for use in many applications as e.g. in inks or toners, in photonic crystal films, in thermal printing plates for computer-to-plate or computer-to-press applications, in inkjet media, in displays, in photographic films, or as a spacing agent.

Abstract: A process for producing a vinyl chloride polymer is provided. This process includes polymerizing vinyl chloride or a monomer mixture containing vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in a polymerization vessel fitted with a reflux condenser. This process is characterized by starting to add (A) an anti-foam agent, and (B) a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol with an average degree of polymerization of 100 to 500 and a saponification degree of 75 to 85 mole %, to a reaction mixture during the operation of said reflux condenser, and continuing the addition of (A) and (B) until recovery of unreacted monomers from said polymerization vessel is completed. According to the process, it is possible to prevent the polymer slurry from foaming, rising, or scattering during polymerization or recovery of unreacted monomers.

Abstract: Copolymers prepared by radical polymerization of a fluorine-containing aromatic monomer and an acrylate-based comonomer that may or may not be fluorinated. The polymers are useful in lithographic photoresist compositions, particularly chemical amplification resists. In a preferred embodiment, the polymers are substantially transparent to deep ultraviolet (DUV) radiation, i.e., radiation of a wavelength less than 250 nm, including 157 nm and 248 nm radiation, and are thus useful in DUV lithographic photoresist compositions. A method for using the composition to generate resist images on a substrate is also provided, i.e., in the manufacture of integrated circuits or the like.

Abstract: A process is described for the recovery of acrylonitrile from an ammoxidation reactor effluent stream containing acrylonitrile, water, and organic impurities. The process includes the steps of (a) quenching an ammoxidation reactor effluent stream that includes acrylonitrile, water, and organic impurities with an aqueous quench stream, thereby producing a cooled reactor effluent stream; (b) passing the cooled reactor effluent stream through an absorption column, thereby generating an absorber bottoms stream that includes water, acrylonitrile, and organic impurities; and (c) passing the absorber bottoms stream through a single recovery/stripper column, generating an acrylonitrile-rich overhead stream, a lean water side stream, and a recovery/stripper bottoms stream that includes organic impurities. The acrylonitrile-rich overhead stream can be passed through a decanter to separate water from acrylonitrile. The lean water side stream can be recycled for use in the absorption column.

Abstract: A high molecular weight water soluble acrylamide based polymer having improved flocculating and dewatering properties is provided. The polymer is prepared by a process in which a small quantity of a chain branching agent is added to the polymerization reaction mixture continuously or stepwise while the monomers are polymerized. The polymer is useful in solid/liquid separations such as flocculants and coagulants in wastewater treatment applications, and as thickening agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides paper coating slips comprising a low-crosslink copolymer as their binder.

Abstract: The invention relates to quaternary polymers, based on conjugate dienes, vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds, olefinically unsaturated nitriles and amino group-containing monomers. The rubber vulcanizates or molded articles, in particular tires, produced from the quaternary polymers or their mixtures with other rubbers are balanced out by good mechanical properties, in particular by a desirable balance in relation to the rolling resistance, skid resistance in the wet and abrasion, which is of particular advantage in tire construction.

Abstract: The invention relates to quaterpolymers based on conjugated dienes, vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds, olefinically unsaturated nitrites and monomers containing hydroxyl or epoxy groups. The rubber vulcanized products or molded parts, in particular tires, produced from the quaterpolymers and/or their mixtures with other rubbers are characterized by good mechanical properties, in particular by a favorable balance as regards the rolling resistance, antiskid resistance in the wet, and abrasion resistance, which is particularly advantageous for example, in tire manufacture.