Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer, which may prepare a vinyl chloride-based polymer with excellent surface properties by adjusting a foam level generated during a polymerization reaction to an appropriate value, a vinyl chloride-based polymer prepared thereby, and an apparatus for preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer which may prepare the vinyl chloride-based polymer. The method of preparing a vinyl chloride-based polymer according to the present invention may prepare a vinyl chloride-based polymer with excellent surface properties, for example, fewer occurrences of fish-eyes and excellent transparency, by performing a polymerization reaction while maintaining the level of a foam generated during the polymerization reaction at an appropriate value.

Abstract: There are provided methods and systems related to use of one or more lanthanide halides in an electrochemical oxidation of metal halide in anolyte where the metal ion is oxidized from lower oxidation state to higher oxidation state at an anode; and then further use of the one or more lanthanide halides and the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in a halogenation reaction of an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon to form one or more products comprising halohydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a vinyl chloride polymer having good thermal stability by restraining a dehydrochlorination reaction due to heat or ultraviolet rays, and a vinyl chloride polymer prepared thereby. According to the preparation method, the adding point of a modifier is controlled, and a vinyl chloride polymer markedly restraining the generation of dehydrochloric acid due to heat or ultraviolet rays may be prepared. Therefore, the preparation method of the vinyl chloride polymer via the emulsion polymerization and the vinyl chloride polymer prepared thereby in the present invention may be readily applied to industries requiring the vinyl chloride polymer such as industries concerning a vinyl chloride resin and a molded article.

Abstract: Disclosed are a water-dispersible halogen-capping polyalkylacrylate, a vinyl chloride-based block copolymer and a method for preparing the same. By using the water-dispersible halogen-capping polyalkylacrylate derivative as a chain transfer agent for polymerization of a vinyl chloride-based monomer, it is possible to obtain effects such as reduction of coagulation of particles and adhesion of particles to a reactor wall, improvement in reaction efficiency and polydispersity index, and prevention of yellowing.

Abstract: The disclosed technology relates to a compound suitable for preparing articles, such as pipe, with good physical properties, such as impact strength, and resistance to environmental stress cracking (ESC). In particular, the technology relates to a vinyl chloride copolymer resin, such as chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl chloride, herein collectively referred to as CPVC that maintains suitable processability at molecular weights above which other vinyl chloride polymer resins will not flow. Furthermore, the invention relates to vinyl chloride copolymer compounds containing the vinyl chloride polymer resin, and articles made from such compounds, which compounds meet 23447 cell classifications under ASTM D1784.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of one or more monomers wherein at least one anhydride and at least one peroxy compound selected from inorganic peroxides, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxyacids are dosed during the polymerization reaction in a continuous or intermittent fashion to a reaction mixture comprising said monomers.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composition is proposed which comprises a PVC resin having a molecular weight distribution having a number average of MN=60 kDa to MN=70 kDa and a weight average of MW=114 kDa to MW=124 kDa, wherein the total composition has a chlorine content from 56% to 62%.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a business method and system for generating sugars and recycling a non-biomass component from a waste stream. In some embodiments, a waste stream comprising cellulose and a non-biomass component is saccharified to produce glucose, followed by recovery of the glucose and non-biomass component, which may be recycled to another site associated with production of a cellulose-containing product that contains the non-biomass component. In certain scenarios, the waste stream is generated at a first location, cellulose pretreatment (if desired) and hydrolysis are conducted at a second location, and the non-biomass component is recycled to the first location or a third location. The non-biomass component may include metals, metal oxides, salts, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, oligomers, or polymers, for example.

Abstract: Farnesene interpolymer comprises units derived from a farnesene (e.g., ?-farnesene or ?-farnesene) and units derived from at least one vinyl monomer. The farnesene interpolymer can be prepared by copolymerizing the farnesene and at least one vinyl monomer in the presence of a catalyst. In some embodiments, the farnesene is prepared from a sugar by using a microorganism. In other embodiments, the at least one vinyl monomer is ethylene, an ?-olefin, or a substituted or unsubstituted vinyl halide, vinyl ether, acrylonitrile, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, acrylamide or methacrylamide, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Provided herein is a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having a methanol metabolic pathway that can enhance the availability of reducing equivalents in the presence of methanol. Such reducing equivalents can be used to increase the product yield of organic compounds produced by the microbial organism, such as adipate, 6-aminocaproate, hexamethylenediamine or caprolactam. Also provided herein are methods for using such an organism to produce adipate, 6-aminocaproate, hexamethylenediamine or caprolactam.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), comprising step 1): subjecting 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) to pyrolysis in order to generate a gas mixture comprising VCM, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and EDC; step 2): quenching and/or cooling and/or condensing such gas mixture to a liquid+gas mixture; step 3): subjecting such liquid+gas mixture to a first separation step to remove substantially all the HCl from the liquid+gas mixture so as to leave a stream consisting substantially of VCM and EDC; and step 4): subjecting such VCM+EDC stream to a second separation step so as to get a stream of substantially pure VCM and a stream of unconverted EDC, wherein a heat exchanger is used to heat up the VCM+EDC stream prior to being fed to a distillation column in step 4), such heat exchanger being powered by a stream of hot fluid available in any one of steps 2) to 4) of the process.

Abstract: An antifoul composition especially for use in vinyl chloride polymerisation comprising a) at least one poly acrylate (co) polymer binder and b) at least one of (i) a cross-linked product formed by reacting formaldehyde and a phenol, (ii) a phenol/formaldehyde condensate, (iii) a condensation product formed by reaction of an effective 1-naphthol and formaldehyde, and (iv) a product based on napthenic molecules substituted with sulfur compounds at at least one position on the aromatic structure and (v) the composition optionally comprising less than 2 wt %, preferably less than 1 wt % 0.5 wt % polyvinyl acetate or partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate.

Abstract: A cover for a body, including at least one layer having a low emissivity coefficient for radiation associated with radiative heat loss from the body with wavelengths in a first frequency band.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for recycling of plastic waste comprising: segregating plastic waste collected from various sources followed by cleaning of the segregated plastic waste to obtain segregated cleaned waste; grinding of the segregated cleaned waste to obtain grinded waste; introducing the grinded waste into an extrusion line having a venting extruder component as part of the extrusion line, to obtain molten plastic; and removing the impurities by vacuum venting of the molten plastic to obtained recycled plastic free from impurities. The present disclosure further relates to various articles like Industrial Post Recycled (IPR) plastic tubes, blow moulded bottles, pallates, manufactured from the recycled plastic waste.

Abstract: An extrudable polyvinyl chloride composition comprising from 80 to 99.9 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride for use in extruding a first part and a second part, wherein a fusion joint between the first extruded part and the second extruded part is formed by: A) composition at least a portion of a first terminal edge of the first extruded part and a first terminal edge of the second extruded part; B) engaging the melted terminal edges; and C) maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges to create a fused joint having a strength that is at least 50% of the tensile strength of the extruded part as measured by ASTM D638-2a. The extruded parts can be pipe sections.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention provides polymer crystalline materials containing crystals of the polymer and satisfying the following requirements (I) and (II) or the following requirements (I) and (III): (I) the polymer crystalline materials a crystallinity of 70% or greater; (II) the crystals are 300 nm or less in size; and (III) the crystals have a number density of 40 ?m?3 or greater. This allows an embodiment of the present invention to provide polymer crystalline materials which are excellent in properties such as mechanical strength, heat tolerance, and transparency or, in particular, polymer crystalline materials, based on a general-purpose plastic such as PP, which is excellent in properties such as mechanical strength, heat tolerance, and transparency.

Abstract: Described is a recloseable pack having a cold-sealed layer of adhesive which is recloseable after the pack has been opened, the layer of adhesive comprising an emulsion polymer composed to an extent of at least 60% by weight of principal monomers selected from the group consisting of C1 to C20 alkyl (meth)acrylates, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids comprising up to 20 C atoms, vinylaromatics having up to 20 C atoms, ethylenically unsaturated nitriles, vinyl halides, vinyl ethers of alcohols comprising 1 to 10 C atoms, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 2 to 8 C atoms and one or two double bonds, and mixtures of these monomers, the emulsion polymer being preparable by emulsion polymerization of free-radically polymerizable monomers in the presence of at least one protective colloid. Also described are aqueous polymer dispersions suitable for producing the pack of the invention, and polymer films coated with the polymer dispersions.

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus is disclosed for performing chemical reactions. Highly compressed gaseous streams such as H2, CO, CO2, H2O, O2, or CH4 are raised to Mach speeds to form supersonic jets incorporating shockwaves. Two or more such jets are physically collided together to form a localized reaction zone where the energy from the shockwaves causes endothermic reactions wherein the chemical bonds of the reactant gases are broken. Between and among reactants molecular surface interaction and molecular surface chemistry take place. In the ensuing exothermic reactions a desired new chemical product is formed and this product is locked into a lower state of enthalpy (state of energy of formation) through adiabatic cooling by means of a free jet expansion.

Abstract: Provided are a vinyl chloride-based resin formed by polymerization of vinyl chloride-based small seed particles having an average particle diameter range of 0.15 ?m to 0.5 ?m prepared by emulsion polymerization and vinyl chloride-based large seed particles having an average particle diameter range of 0.51 ?m to 0.8 ?m prepared by micro-suspension polymerization, in which a content ratio (weight ratio) of the large seed particles to the small seed particles is in a range of 1 to 2, and a method of preparing the vinyl chloride-based resin. Excellent low viscosity characteristics of the vinyl chloride resin at high and low shear rates may be obtained by controlling the particle size of the small seed prepared by emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylic copolymer additive useful as a process aid in highly filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) composites. The acrylic additive is especially useful in highly filled PVC flooring tiles, rolled flooring, pipe and siding. The acrylic copolymer additive contains from 50 to 79 weight percent of methyl methacrylate monomer units, and has a Tg of less than 90° C.

Abstract: Coated reinforcing biofiber for thermoplastic articles is disclosed. The coating on the biofiber comprises a plastisol. The coated reinforcing biofiber can be used in thermoplastic compounds to simulate the appearance of natural wood while adding significantly increased flexural modulus for the wood plastic composite (WPC).

Abstract: Process for preparing a seed latex of a methyl methacrylate polymer (PMMA) by radical polymerization in aqueous emulsion of methyl methacrylate and optionally at least one comonomer. Process for preparing a chlorinated vinyl polymer latex by radical polymerization in aqueous emulsion of at least one chlorinated vinyl monomer, according to which the polymerization takes place in the presence of at most 3% by weight, expressed relative to the total weight of the monomers, of the PMMA seed latex.

Abstract: Provided herein are polyfarnesenes derived from a farnesene and at least two different vinyl monomers. Also provided herein are polyfarnesenes derived from a farnesene; at least two different vinyl monomers, such as (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylic esters, styrene, and substituted styrenes; and at least one functional comonomer such as maleic anhydride.

Abstract: An extrudable polyvinyl chloride composition comprising from 80 to 99.9 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride for use in extruding a first part and a second part, wherein a fusion joint between the first extruded part and the second extruded part is formed by: A) composition at least a portion of a first terminal edge of the first extruded part and a first terminal edge of the second extruded part; B) engaging the melted terminal edges; and C) maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges to create a fused joint having a strength that is at least 50% of the tensile strength of the extruded part as measured by ASTM D638-2a. The extruded parts can be pipe sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the polymerization of vinyl-containing monomers such as, for example, monomeric vinyl halides, in a reaction mixture, in which process less waste is generated.

Abstract: Polymerization process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting an aqueous suspension comprising initiator, vinyl chloride, and optionally one or more co-monomers in a continuous stirred tank reactor; and (b) further reacting the resulting suspension in at least one second reactor; wherein the conversion level of vinyl chloride in the continuous stirred tank reactor of step (a) is from 10 to 60 wt %.

Abstract: An extrudable polyvinyl chloride composition comprising from 80 to 99.9 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride for use in extruding a first part and a second part, wherein a fusion joint between the first extruded part and the second extruded part is formed by: A) composition at least a portion of a first terminal edge of the first extruded part and a first terminal edge of the second extruded part; B) engaging the melted terminal edges; and C) maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges to create a fused joint having a strength that is at least 50% of the tensile strength of the extruded part as measured by ASTM D638-2a. The extruded parts can be pipe sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylic copolymer additive useful as a process aid in highly filled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) composites. The acrylic additive is especially useful in highly filled PVC flooring tiles, rolled flooring, pipe and siding. The acrylic copolymer additive contains from 50 to 79 weight percent of methyl methacrylate monomer units, and has a Tg of less than 90° C.

Abstract: A method of forming a thermoplastic article, comprises steps of a) positioning at least one preheated first component being hollow and having at least one open end in two co-operating first mould halves; b) extruding a blow-mouldable thermoplastic material into the first component and closing the mould halves; and c) blowing the blow-moldable thermoplastic material inside the mould halves to form an article on which the first component is fixedly engaged. The method is simple in implementation, low in cost and easy in modification, and by which a thermoplastic article of varied colors, patterns, materials, and/or functional components being fixedly mounted on its outer surface could be realized.

Abstract: A polymer membrane for water treatment, characterized in comprising a hollow fiber membrane having a self-supporting design composed of the substantially single principal structural material, with an outer diameter of 3.6 mm to 10 mm and a ratio of outer diameter to thickness, SDR, of 3.6 to 34.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process to polymerize one or more monomers wherein at most 90% w/w of a safely useable amount of a first initiator is used and a second initiator is dosed at least after the start of the polymerization, in an amount such that essentially the full cooling capacity of the polymerization reactor is used, resulting in a cost efficient process to make polymers, particularly polymers comprising polymerized vinyl chloride.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: A synthetic weir board riser system is described that controls the water elevation on the front and rear sides of the structure using synthetic weir boards as the barrier. Weir boards are added and removed from a metallic or composite riser system to control the level of water flowing into a larger body. Synthetic weir boards composed of plastic or composite have an increased life span. Geometrically, the synthetic boards provide a more efficient use of material in terms of weight. A reduced radius per each external corner prevents the increased pressure to the rear of the riser from separating the synthetic boards thereby increasing seepage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a thermoplastic copolymer, which comprises step of supplying a monomer mixture (a) to a loop reactor continuously to produce a copolymer (A), the monomer mixture (a) comprising an aromatic vinyl monomer (a1), a vinyl cyanide monomer (a2) and an N-substituted maleimide monomer (a3). The process enables the production of a thermoplastic copolymer which has an excellent balance among physical properties such as heat resistance, color and flow property, reduces the amount of bleeding that may cause mold staining during molding processing and has excellent handleability and productivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I), methods for producing said mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I), compositions containing mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I), uses of the mixtures of isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I) as plasticizers, and uses of the aforementioned compositions containing isononyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate of formula (I).

Abstract: A functionally graded shape memory polymer (SMP) that has a range of transition temperatures that are spatially distributed in a gradient fashion within one single article. The SMP is formed by post-curing a pre-cured glassy SMP in a linear temperature gradient that imposes different vitrification temperature limits at different positions along the gradient. Utilizing indentation-based surface shape memory coupled with optical measurements of photoelastic response, the capability of this material to respond over a wide range of thermal triggers is correlated with the graded glass transition behavior. This new class of SMP offers great potential for such applications as passive temperature sensing and precise control of shape evolution during a thermally triggered shape recovery.

Abstract: A vinyl halide polymer film is provided comprising barium sulfate filler and calcium carbonate filler. The film has a total filler content of at least about 60 phr, and the ratio of barium sulfate filler to calcium carbonate filler is from about 1:3 to about 3:1 by weight. These films exhibit exceptional strength, durability, emission and aesthetic performance properties. Significant manufacturing advantages are also observed.

Abstract: An extrudable polyvinyl chloride composition comprising from 80 to 99.9 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride for use in extruding a first part and a second part, wherein a fusion joint between the first extruded part and the second extruded part is formed by: A) composition at least a portion of a first terminal edge of the first extruded part and a first terminal edge of the second extruded part; B) engaging the melted terminal edges; and C) maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges to create a fused joint having a strength that is at least 50% of the tensile strength of the extruded part as measured by ASTM D638-2a. The extruded parts can be pipe sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for free-radically initiated heterophase polymerization, in which the polymerization of ethylenically monomers proceeds in a phase dispersed in the continuous phase, characterized in that one or more additives which are soluble in the continuous phase and insoluble in the disperse phase and stop the polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the continuous phase is/are added before or during the polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the extrusion of a shapable resin-containing composition as a foam, wherein said composition comprises at least one extrudable resin and at least one saccharide ester of Formula I: Also disclosed are foams produced by said processes.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) starting from a stream of ethane which is subjected to a catalytic oxydehydrogenation (ODH) producing a gas mixture containing ethylene then dried and subjected to an absorption to be separated into a fraction enriched with the compounds that are lighter than ethylene containing some of the ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor R1 in which most of the ethylene is converted into DCE, and into a fraction F1 which is subjected to a desorption D1 to be separated into an ethylene fraction depleted of the compounds that are lighter than ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor R2, the stream of products derived from this reactor being added to the dry gas mixture, and into a fraction F2. Fraction F2 is then subjected to a desorption D2 to be separated into a fraction enriched with ethylene conveyed to an oxychlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted into DCE, and into a fraction F3 which is recycled to the absorption.

Abstract: Backings for carpet and carpet tiles are formed from various post-consumer and/or post-industrial polymeric waste materials, for example, post-consumer textile waste material (e.g., carpet and carpet tiles), post-industrial textile waste material (e.g., carpet and/or carpet tiles), and/or other post-consumer and/or post-industrial polymeric materials.

Abstract: An extrudable polyvinyl chloride composition comprising from 80 to 99.9 percent by weight polyvinyl chloride for use in extruding a first part and a second part, wherein a fusion joint between the first extruded part and the second extruded part is formed by: A) composition at least a portion of a first terminal edge of the first extruded part and a first terminal edge of the second extruded part; B) engaging the melted terminal edges; and C) maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges to create a fused joint having a strength that is at least 50% of the tensile strength of the extruded part as measured by ASTM D638-2a. The extruded parts can be pipe sections.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes systems and methods that utilize an extendable tracheal tube system. The extendable tracheal tube system includes an extendable tracheal tube having a distal end portion and a proximal end portion. The proximal end portion and the distal end portion of the extendable tracheal tube are capable of moving axially relative to each other. An obturator is also provided that is capable of aiding in the intubation and/or extubation of the extendable tracheal tube. The use of the extendable tracheal tube system and methods enables the secure attachment of the extendable tracheal tube to a patient airway while allowing for certain movements of the patient, such as neck and head movements.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) starting with a hydrocarbon source which is subjected to a cracking thus producing a mixture of cracking products then subjected to treatment steps to obtain a mixture of products containing ethylene. The mixture is afterwards subjected to a first separation step into a fraction enriched with the compounds that are lighter than ethylene containing some of the ethylene conveyed to a chlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted to DCE, and into a fraction F1 which is subjected to a second separation step into a fraction F2 and into a heavy fraction. Fraction F2 is afterwards subjected to a third separation step into a fraction enriched with ethylene conveyed to an oxychlorination reactor in which most of the ethylene is converted to DCE, and into a fraction F3 mainly composed of ethane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel polymer-tethered ligands, metal complexes comprising these ligands, and the use of these complexes as chain transfer catalysts to control the molecular weight of oligomeric and polymeric materials produced in a radical polymerization process. The materials made by the processes disclosed herein have significantly reduced color, making them suitable for a wide range of color-critical end-uses, including automotive coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for extruding plastic compositions, in particular polymer melts and mixtures of polymer melts, above all thermoplastics and elastomers, particularly preferably polycarbonate and polycarbonate blends, also with the incorporation of other substances such as for example solids, liquids, gases or other polymers or other polymer blends with improved optical characteristics, with the assistance of a multi-screw extruder with specific screw geometries.

Abstract: The present invention describes plastic materials and food additives that are free or substantially free from endocrine disruptive chemicals. The plastic materials may be used in products which are exposed to individuals in which endocrine disruptive activity is particularly disadvantageous, such as baby bottles, baby toys, food containers, medical containers, animal cages and medical products. The food additives may be used in food products that are ingested by individuals in which endocrine disruptive activity is particularly disadvantageous, such as newborns or the physically infirm. The present invention also describes a series of assays which, when performed in combination, provide a novel method for determining the presence of endocrine disruptive activity.

Abstract: A vinyl chloride resin emulsion is obtained from emulsion polymerization of (A) 40-500 parts by weight of a styrene-acrylic acid ester oligomer and/or acrylic acid ester oligomer having a number average molecular weight of 5,000-50,000 with 100 parts by weight of a monomeric composition comprising (B) a vinyl chloride monomer or (B) a vinyl chloride monomer and (C) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to screw elements for multi-screw extruders with screws co-rotating in pairs and being fully self-wiping in pairs, to the use of the screw elements in multi-screw extruders and to a process for extruding plastic compositions.