Polymerizing In Reactor Of Specified Material, Or In Reactor In Which Surface Contacting Polymerizing Material Has Been Treated Patents (Class 526/62)
  • Patent number: 4661569
    Abstract: In a process of polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated compounds by polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a free radical-forming initiator system and optionally customary protective colloids and/or emulsifiers and optional known additives in a reactor whose surfaces contact the reaction components, the improvement comprising providing the reactor surfaces with a coating that at least suppresses polymer deposit formation without effecting the color and quality of the polymer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 12, 1985
    Date of Patent: April 28, 1987
    Assignee: Wacker-Chemie GmbH
    Inventors: Willi Kleine, Werner Frey, Albrecht Daweritz
  • Patent number: 4659791
    Abstract: A method of preventing or retarding polymer build-up on the internal surfaces of polymerization reactors is provided by this invention. Reduced build-up in vinyl chloride polymerization is obtained by having a phenolic compound coated on the internal surfaces of the reactor vessel and a water phase polymerization inhibitor either combined with the phenolic coating or added to the aqueous polymerization medium. Optionally, a chelating agent is also added with the water phase inhibitor. The process is further enhanced by the presence of water soluble dispersants such as polyvinyl alcohol and methyl cellulose.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 11, 1984
    Date of Patent: April 21, 1987
    Assignee: The B.F. Goodrich Company
    Inventor: Keith L. Gardner
  • Patent number: 4647598
    Abstract: An improved process for preparing a water-soluble polymer having an excellent water solubility and a high molecular weight, which comprises subjecting a thin layer of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble vinyl monomer to polymerization on a solid support, covering the thin layer with a substantially water-insoluble organic material, e.g. a paraffin, a silicone oil or a low molecular polyethylene, and/or a slightly water-soluble or substantially water-insoluble alkylene oxide adduct at least at a point of time when the aqueous monomer solution has not freely flowed, and further continuing the polymerization.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 4, 1985
    Date of Patent: March 3, 1987
    Assignee: Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Akira Yada, Shusaku Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Kawamori, Takao Saito, Tadashi Nishiyama, Yoshitugu Adachi
  • Patent number: 4628034
    Abstract: A desired unreacted monomer concentration is maintained in the reaction effluent removed from a polymerization reactor by manipulating the catalyst feed rate to the polymerization reactor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 30, 1985
    Date of Patent: December 9, 1986
    Assignee: Phillips Petroleum Company
    Inventor: James A. Hofferber
  • Patent number: 4622245
    Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for preventing deposition of polymer scale on the walls of a polymerization reactor in the course of polymerization of various ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium. The method comprises coating the reactor walls with a coating solution containing (a) a polymeric compound having hydroxyl groups such as a polyvinyl alcohol and (b) a silicic acid compound such as water glass followed by drying of the coated surface and washing thereof with water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 15, 1984
    Date of Patent: November 11, 1986
    Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Toshihide Shimizu, Ichiro Kaneko, Yoshiteru Shimakura
  • Patent number: 4613656
    Abstract: Fully cured, intact, solid castings of bis(allyl carbonate) resin, e.g., diethylene glycol bis(allyl carbonate), are prepared by polymerizing the resin with between about 0.75 and about 1.50 parts, per hundred parts of resin, of a monoperoxycarbonate, e.g., tertiarybutylperoxy isopropyl carbonate. An adhesion reducing amount, e.g., between about 25 and about 75 parts, per million parts of resin, of a mold release agent is incorporated into the liquid resin monomer to avoid cracking of the casting. Use of a mold release agent is not required when the resin is prepolymerized to about 15-50 percent allylic utilization.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 23, 1984
    Date of Patent: September 23, 1986
    Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.
    Inventor: Robert H. Tang
  • Patent number: 4613483
    Abstract: Anionic water soluble carboxyl-containing polymers, deposited and dried on polymerization reactor surfaces exposed to polymerization mixtures, substantially reduce or eliminate undesirable polymer build-up on reactor surfaces during aqueous polymerization of vinylidene monomers, even when the amount of carboxyl-containing polymers deposited on the reactor surfaces is in an amount as small as at least one ppm of monomers being polymerized, providing a layer on the polymerization surfaces as thin as about 0.1 to about one or more microns in thickness.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 7, 1984
    Date of Patent: September 23, 1986
    Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich Company
    Inventor: Louis Cohen
  • Patent number: 4612354
    Abstract: The invention provides a novel and efficient method for preventing deposition of polymer scale on the reactor walls more or less unavoidable in the course of polymerization of a vinylic monomer or, in particular, in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The method comprises, prior to polymerization, coating the reactor walls with an aqueous coating solution containing (a) an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a sulfonic acid-type or carboxylic acid-type dye or an organic sulfonic or carboxylic acid having at least one pair of conjugated double bonds in a molecule and (b) a polyvinyl alcohol in a specified proportion, the pH value of the solution being controlled not to exceed 7, followed by drying.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 9, 1985
    Date of Patent: September 16, 1986
    Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Toshihide Shimizu, Yasuo Furukawa, Ichiro Kaneko
  • Patent number: 4604411
    Abstract: An improved process for preparing a sticky water-soluble polymer, e.g. acrylamide polymers and acrylic acid polymers, which comprises polymerizing an aqueous solution of a monomer in a polymerization vessel of which the surface contacting the aqueous monomer solution is covered with a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film, whereby the stickiness of the produced polymer to the vessel is remarkably decreased, namely the peelability of the polymer from the vessel is remarkably improved, and moreover the polymerization conversion is remarkably improved. Also, the use of a metal deposited tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer film as a covering material improves the efficiency of a photopolymerization and enables to use a polymerization vessel made of an inexpensive material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 4, 1985
    Date of Patent: August 5, 1986
    Assignee: Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Akira Yada, Shusaku Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Kawamori, Takao Saito, Tadashi Nishiyama, Yoshitugu Adachi
  • Patent number: 4588613
    Abstract: In the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer or a mixture of vinyl monomers having vinyl chlorides as a main component, the deposition of polymer scale on the inner walls of the polymerization vessel can be effectively reduced by coating the internal surfaces of the reactor with first, a condensation polymer of a polyhydric phenol and an aldehyde and second, a crosslinking agent to increase the insolubility of the polymeric material.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 1984
    Date of Patent: May 13, 1986
    Assignee: Formosa Plastics Corporation
    Inventors: Shung-Chung Liau, Kuo-Shu Tseng, Yen H. Huang
  • Patent number: 4585842
    Abstract: A polymerization reactor in which the surfaces therein, which are exposed to the polymerization medium, are provided with a coating of a resin extracted from pine wood whereby polymer deposits on such surfaces are substantially reduced and/or easily removed, and method for treatment of same.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 14, 1982
    Date of Patent: April 29, 1986
    Assignee: Chloe Chimie
    Inventors: Paul Laroche, Jean-Bernard Pompon
  • Patent number: 4579758
    Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto an aqueous coating solution of an alkali metal or ammonium salt of the reaction product or oligomers of an aromatic aldehyde, such as benzaldehyde, and the like, and a polyhydric phenol, such as resorcinol, and the like. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH< group, and mixtures thereof, while a contact with said coating, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 24, 1983
    Date of Patent: April 1, 1986
    Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich Company
    Inventors: John L. Dorsch, John D. Smith
  • Patent number: 4555555
    Abstract: A process for polymerizing vinyl chloride is disclosed which comprises coating prior to the polymerization the surfaces of a polymerization reactor, agitator blades and a reflux condenser with a reaction product obtained by the reaction of a phenolic compound and an aromatic aldehyde, said reaction product having an average molecular weight of from 3,000 to 10,000. Not only is the polymer scales formation prevented surprisingly, but a high quality product substantially free from fish eyes is obtained.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 17, 1984
    Date of Patent: November 26, 1985
    Assignee: Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Eietsu Toyooka, Yoshio Tomishima, Yasuhiro Nojima
  • Patent number: 4547270
    Abstract: Pyrroles or mixtures of pyrroles with comonomers are polymerized electrochemically by anodic oxidation of the monomers in solution or dispersion in an electrolyte solvent, in the presence of a conductive salt, with deposition of the pyrrole polymer at the sheet-like anode, by a process in which the anode used consists of an electrically non-conductive sheet-like element which can be impregnated with the electrolyte solution and one or more electrically conducting support and contact strips which connects electrically to a current supply for the anode.The special anode for the electrochemical polymerization of pyrroles, and the products obtainable by the process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 23, 1984
    Date of Patent: October 15, 1985
    Assignee: BASF Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventor: Herbert Naarmann
  • Patent number: 4542195
    Abstract: The invention provides an improved method for preventing polymer scale deposition on the reactor walls, for example, in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride by coating the walls prior to introduction of the polymerization mixture with a specific coating composition of which the essential ingredient is a combination of (a) a condensation product of an aromatic amine compound, e.g. aniline or a derivative thereof, and an aromatic nitro compound, e.g. nitrobenzene or a derivative thereof, and (b) a sulfonation product of a condensation product of an aromatic amine compound and an aromatic nitro compound in the form of a salt with an alkali metal or ammonium as dissolved in a solvent.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 28, 1984
    Date of Patent: September 17, 1985
    Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Toshihide Shimizu, Ichiro Kaneko, Yoshiteru Shimakura
  • Patent number: 4539230
    Abstract: The invention provides a method for preventing deposition of polymer scale on the reactor walls in the polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in particular, by emulsion polymerization. The method comprises coating the reactor walls with a coating composition containing, as the essential components, (A) an organic compound having at least 5 conjugated .pi. bonds in a molecule, (B) a chelating agent and (C) a metal compound capable of producing metal ions having a coordination number of at least 2 which presumably forms a metallic chelate compound with the chelating agent contributing to the formation of a strongly adsorbed layer on the reactor walls. The coating composition may be further admixed with a silicic acid compound such as a colloidal silica.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 1984
    Date of Patent: September 3, 1985
    Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Toshihide Shimizu, Ichiro Kaneko, Yoshiteru Shimakura
  • Patent number: 4532311
    Abstract: A process for reducing sheeting during production of polyolefins by polymerization of alpha-olefins utilizing titanium based polymerization catalysts wherein the static electric charges in the reactor at the site of possible sheet formation are maintained below static voltage levels which would otherwise cause sheet formation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 14, 1984
    Date of Patent: July 30, 1985
    Assignee: Union Carbide Corporation
    Inventors: Bernard D. Fulks, Steven P. Sawin, Collin D. Aikman, John M. Jenkins, III
  • Patent number: 4530979
    Abstract: A continuous adiabatic process for preparing water-miscible and water-soluble polymers wherein an aqueous solution containing monomer and an initiator system is passed through a reactor and reacted to yield a rapid increase in viscosity as polymerization occurs. The polymer product exhibits consistent cross-sectional properties in the reactor over time and moves slowly and easily through the reactor as a plug.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 15, 1983
    Date of Patent: July 23, 1985
    Assignee: The Dow Company
    Inventor: James R. Birch
  • Patent number: 4528336
    Abstract: The invention provides a very efficient method with highly durable effect for preventing polymer scale deposition on the reactor walls and other surfaces coming into contact with the monomer during polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomer in an aqueous medium such as in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The method comprises coating the reactor walls, prior to polymerization, with a novel coating material which is a condensation product obtained by the condensation reaction of an aromatic amine compound such as aniline and an aromatic nitro compound such as nitrobenzene in the presence of a mineral acid and a specified condensation catalyst. It is sometimes preferable that the condensation product is basified or treated with an alkali or ammonium compound to be imparted with a modified solubility behavior.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 23, 1982
    Date of Patent: July 9, 1985
    Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Shunichi Koyanagi, Hajime Kitamura, Toshihide Shimizu, Ichiro Kaneko
  • Patent number: 4517344
    Abstract: In a process of emulsion-polymerization in a polymerization system containing an acrylate or a methacrylate monomer at least 60%; the improvement which comprises carrying out the emulsion polymerization in a polymerization vessel having a film of a quinone-amine compound of not less than 3000 in average molecular weight on the inner vessel wall, said quinone-amine compound being prepared by addition-reacting an aromatic quinone and an aromatic diamine in a solvent medium having a solubility parameter of 9.0 to 12.2. According to the process, the polymer scale deposition can be prevented in the acrylate or methacrylate polymerization system.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 25, 1984
    Date of Patent: May 14, 1985
    Assignee: Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Toragoro Mitani, Hideo Yasui, Hisashi Morikawa
  • Patent number: 4517350
    Abstract: A method for removing polymer scales adhering to the inner surface of a polymerization vessel, which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer in an aqueous medium, discharging the resulting vinyl chloride polymer together with the aqueous medium from the polymerization vessel, thereafter placing in the vessel both a reaction product resulting from the reaction of an amine and acrylic acid or its derivative and an organic liquid which can dissolve or swell the polyvinyl polymer, and washing the inner surface of the vessel with the organic liquid solution of the reaction product.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 27, 1984
    Date of Patent: May 14, 1985
    Assignee: Tokuyama Sekisui Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Akio Hata, Michifumi Tanga
  • Patent number: 4487897
    Abstract: A process for polymerizing acrylic monomers is disclosed. The process involves providing a reactor which is generally in the shape of a screw type reactor having temperature control means thereon. The reactor is continually charged with a supply of acrylic monomers having a viscosity of 10 poises or less at ordinary temperature. The acrylic monomers are continually moved through the reactor by turning of the screw within the reactor in order to cause the acrylic monomers to continually contact renewed surfaces within the reactor. The temperature in the reactor is controlled within two or more zones within the reactor in order to increase the viscosity of the acrylic monomers in the reactor by rapid polymerization within an initial area and then allow polymerization to proceed to one or more additional areas in the reactor to a prescribed rate of conversion. Polymerized product is continuously removed from the reactor.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 18, 1983
    Date of Patent: December 11, 1984
    Assignee: Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Naoki Matsuoka, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Yutaka Hori, Yoshio Miki, Kenji Sano, Ichiro Ijichi
  • Patent number: 4467080
    Abstract: The invention relates to a process for polymerizing in an aqueous phase using heterogeneous catalysis and to a spherical reactor for carrying out said process. At least one monomer which is gaseous under the reaction conditions is just in contact with a solid catalyst in an agitated polymerization zone. The polymerization zone is defined by a spherical wall and the agitation is effected by means of a turbine unit having blades driven in rotation. The blades extend alongside the wall on 10 to 60% of its surface. The particles of the catalyst and the growing polymer powder are driven by centrifugal force onto at least a part of the spherical wall and fall back into the central part of the spherical zone, thereby ensuring a thorough and uniform mixing without any dead zone. The invention is useful for prepolymerizing or polymerizing olefins.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 29, 1982
    Date of Patent: August 21, 1984
    Assignee: Ato Chimie
    Inventors: Claude Brun, Robert Pelletier
  • Patent number: 4464516
    Abstract: A process is described for preparing vinyl chloride polymers. The polymerization is carried out in an apparatus the inside walls and internal fitments of which have been coated with a reaction product which forms on reacting certain silanes with inhibitors for free-radical polymerizations and which contain in the molecule at least one aromatic or at least one quinonoid ring and at least one hydrogen atom which is bonded to an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom with subsequent reaction with water, drying and heat treatment.The wall-deposit formation observed with the new process is markedly smaller, in particular after several polymerization batches, than in the case of known processes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 1982
    Date of Patent: August 7, 1984
    Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Karl Eberl, Manfred Engelmann, Edgar Fischer
  • Patent number: 4460753
    Abstract: A process for producing a vinyl chloride polymer which comprises polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer or a mixture of it with another monomer copolymerizable therewith in an aqueous medium or in bulk, characterized in that the inside of the polymerization reactor is coated beforehand with the product of reaction of an oily or waxy cyclopentadiene polymer and a phenolic compound with or without an aldehyde compound.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 28, 1982
    Date of Patent: July 17, 1984
    Assignee: Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd.
    Inventors: Makoto Yamamoto, Akira Nakayama, Riso Iwata
  • Patent number: 4456731
    Abstract: A composition for lining the walls of reactors and other connected apparatus in contact with reactant mixtures and reaction products during the polymerization of vinyl compounds, which reduces or prevents polymer deposits or incrustations on the said walls, constituted by the product of the prolonged reaction at 75.degree. C. between a polyvinyl alcohol of medium degree of hydrolysis prepared by the controlled alkaline alcoholysis of an ester of a wide molecular weight distribution polyvinyl alcohol and a polycarboxylic oxyacid, in a weight ratio of beween 35:10 and 40:10, which is applicable by known means, preferably by spraying.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 1, 1982
    Date of Patent: June 26, 1984
    Assignee: Anic S.p.A.
    Inventors: Adolfo Caporossi, Leonello Del Signore
  • Patent number: 4456735
    Abstract: The process is described for the continuous suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous phase, in which the polymerization mixture is subjected, in 2 zones, to treatment employing different process parameters in respect of final conversion, dwell time, number of theoretical cascade stages and stirrer power applied. This procedure gives, at good space-time yields, very uniform products which have a narrow particle size distribution, a high bulk density, good flow and a low speck count. In spite of using standard kettle material, only a very low formation of deposit on the kettle walls is observed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 9, 1982
    Date of Patent: June 26, 1984
    Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Manfred Engelmann, Heinz Klippert, Eberhard Tzschoppe
  • Patent number: 4451625
    Abstract: This invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of wall fouling in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The surfaces of the polymerization reactor are wetted with a solution containing from 5 to 50 wt % alkali metal hydroxide, 0.01 to 1 wt % free radical inhibitor and 0.01 to 1 wt % surface active agent prior to charging the vinyl chloride polymerization recipe to the reactor. Preferably, the surface of the wetted reactor is heated to a temperature from 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. for at least 5 minutes prior to charging the polymerization recipe.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 5, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 29, 1984
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: John T. C. Cheng, Michael Langsam
  • Patent number: 4450189
    Abstract: A polymerization reactor in which the surfaces therein that are exposed to the polymerization medium are provided with a coating of a modified rosin whereby polymer deposits on such surfaces are substantially reduced and/or easily removed, and method for treatment of same.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 14, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 22, 1984
    Assignee: Chloe Chimie
    Inventors: Paul Laroche, Jean-Bernard Pompon
  • Patent number: 4448847
    Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for improving the adhesion of epoxy resins to steel substrates which comprises first removing the oxide surface layer, preferably by chemical means, and then pretreating the substrate with a solution of at least one coupling agent selected from the group consisting of .beta.-diketones and mercaptoesters. The invention also provides a method for improving the adhesion of epoxy resins to steel substrates by pretreating with citric acid or a salt thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 28, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 15, 1984
    Assignee: Shell Oil Company
    Inventors: James P. Bell, Anthony J. De Nicola, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4438242
    Abstract: In the suspension polymerization of monovinyl aromatic polymers, detrimental polymer buildup on the internal surfaces of the reactor is reduced by contacting the internal surfaces of the reactor with sulfur trioxide. This means of retarding polymer buildup is particularly adaptable to suspension polymerization of lightly crosslinked styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer beads which may also contain acrylonitrile.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 7, 1982
    Date of Patent: March 20, 1984
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company
    Inventors: William J. Settineri, John M. Hensler
  • Patent number: 4431783
    Abstract: Polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension using a polymerization reactor having adherently deposited on internal surfaces thereof a build-up suppressant coating comprising a product of build-up suppressant activity formable by (and preferably formed by) the condensation of an effective 1-naphthol (preferably 1-naphthol itself) and formaldehyde. The condensation is preferably effected in a base-catalyzed reaction; it may also (less preferably) be effected in an acid-catalyzed reaction. The coating product itself and a process for its production are also claimed.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 26, 1981
    Date of Patent: February 14, 1984
    Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries PLC
    Inventors: Robert W. Walker, John Stuart-Webb
  • Patent number: 4424301
    Abstract: In the manufacture of polymer suspensions, good spacetime yields, a narrow particle size distribution and good polymer properties are obtained in a relatively uncomplicated apparatus which includes a plurality of reactors having a length/diameter ratio of at least 4, the first reactor standing vertically and the others approximately horizontally. Plug flow of the polymerization mixture is maintained in the reaction zones provided by the reactors. In the first such zone, up to 10% of the polymerization is carried out, with agitation, preferably at a stirring energy per unit volume of 0.1 to 5 kWm.sup.-3. Wall encrustation is substantially prevented, particularly in the second reaction zone, through the use of smooth, non-metallic surfaces in the zone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 1981
    Date of Patent: January 3, 1984
    Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Heinz Klippert, Eberhard Tzschoppe, Stratos Paschalis, Ju/ rgen Weinlich, Manfred Engelmann
  • Patent number: 4420591
    Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement for reducing the amount of wall fouling in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The improvement resides in wetting the reactor surface with a solution containing selenous acid prior to charging the vinyl chloride recipe to the reactor. Preferably, the surface of the resulting reactor is heated at a temperature of from 40.degree.-100.degree. C. prior to charging the recipe.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 5, 1982
    Date of Patent: December 13, 1983
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventors: Lawrence K. Wempe, Bernard D. Bauman
  • Patent number: 4404337
    Abstract: The formation of scale on the inner surfaces of a vessel used for suspension polymerizing vinyl chloride is inhibited by applying a ternary reaction product of furfural, a polyamine and a phenol to said inner surfaces or by adding the ternary product to the polymerization system.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1981
    Date of Patent: September 13, 1983
    Assignee: Tokuyama Sekisui Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Akio Hata, Michifumi Tanga
  • Patent number: 4387182
    Abstract: Cycloalphatic acrylate compositions and methods of making them are disclosed. The compositions are mixtures containing dicyclopentadiene (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylates such as the mono and di (meth) acrylates of tri, and tetracyclopentadiene and a mixture of the copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid with adducts of cyclopentadiene with isoprene and/or piperylene and a mixture of poly (meth) acrylates having the repeating unit ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or ##STR2## R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CZ--C(O)--O-- Z is H, or methyln is 0, 1 or 2 andm is 0 or 1 and when m is 0 there is a double bond present.The compositions are useful to make cross-linkable blends with unsaturated resins or monomers and to make laminates.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 1981
    Date of Patent: June 7, 1983
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Co.
    Inventors: Hans R. Friedli, Donald L. Nelson, John L. Massingill, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4384085
    Abstract: Poly(.epsilon.-caprolactam) is prepared with less than 3 percent water-extractable material by carrying out the polymerization reaction in a vessel, the interior surfaces of which are coated with an inert adherent coating of an organic polymer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 1982
    Date of Patent: May 17, 1983
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company
    Inventor: Harry A. Smith
  • Patent number: 4383092
    Abstract: A process for the production of a substantially clear and colorless, or at most slightly tinted, polyarylcarbonates useful to form molded structural and engineering articles suitable to replace metal parts, or for use in electrical appliances to form lenses, safety shields, instrument windows and the like is disclosed.The tendency of color formation in polycarbonates and polyarylates prepared by transesterification and polycondensation is reduced or inhibited by carrying out the transesterification reaction while the reaction mixture contacts only metal surfaces of selective metals, or glass. The metal surfaces are provided by such metals as tantalum, nickel, or chromium or mixtures thereof. The reaction is carried out in reactors or systems which are substantially totally made of such metals, or reactors or systems clad or lined with a layer of such metals or glass.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 11, 1980
    Date of Patent: May 10, 1983
    Assignee: General Electric Company
    Inventors: Allen W. Ko, John B. Starr, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4380614
    Abstract: A suspension polymerization of a haloethylene compound or a mixture of a haloethylene compound and a comonomer thereof is carried out in an aqueous medium containing a suspending agent and an oil soluble catalyst, by coating or incorporating at least one of a water soluble or organic solvent soluble lignin derivative.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 6, 1981
    Date of Patent: April 19, 1983
    Assignee: Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Kunizoh Kidoh, Hideki Wakamori
  • Patent number: 4374966
    Abstract: A process for the manufacture of vinyl chloride polymers by polymerization of the monomer or monomer mixture in a reactor in which the internal walls, and the other parts on which polymer deposits can form, have a covering which contains a representative compound such as depicted by the formula ##STR1## extensive suppression of polymer crusts is thereby obtained.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 14, 1980
    Date of Patent: February 22, 1983
    Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventors: Edgar Fischer, Johannes Brandrup, Jurgen Weinlich
  • Patent number: 4362848
    Abstract: Cycloalphatic acrylate compositions and methods of making them are disclosed. The compositions are mixtures containing dicyclopentadiene (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylates such as the mono and di (meth) acrylates of tri, and tetracyclopentadiene and a mixture of the copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid with adducts of cyclopentadiene with isoprene and/or piperylene and a mixture of poly (meth) acrylates having the repeating unit ##STR1## Where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or ##STR2## R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CZ--C(O)--O-- Z is H, or methyln is 0, 1 or 2 andm is 0 or 1 and when m is 0 there isa double bond present.The compositions are useful to make cross-linkable blends with unsaturated resins or monomers and to make laminates.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 29, 1981
    Date of Patent: December 7, 1982
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Co.
    Inventors: Hans R. Friedli, Donald L. Nelson, John L. Massingill, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4359560
    Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement for reducing the amount of wall fouling in the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride. The improvement resides in wetting the reactor surface with a solution containing from 5 to 50 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide prior to charging the vinyl chloride recipe to the reactor. Preferably, the surface of the resulting reactor is heated at a temperature of from 40.degree.-100.degree. C. prior to charging the recipe.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 13, 1978
    Date of Patent: November 16, 1982
    Assignee: Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
    Inventor: Bernard D. Bauman
  • Patent number: 4355141
    Abstract: In the polymerization of vinyl chloride, the adhesion of the resulting polymer to the walls can be prevented by previously applying a specific chemical to the inner walls of the polymerization tank and parts of the device to be contacted with the monomer during the polymerization. This specific chemical is a copolycondensate obtained by reacting a resol type phenol/formaldehyde precondensate with a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of nitrophenols, nitrobenzoic acids, nitrobenzenesulfonic acids, aminophenols, aminobenzoic acids and aminobenzenesulfonic acids.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 20, 1981
    Date of Patent: October 19, 1982
    Assignee: Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc.
    Inventors: Hiroshi Okada, Seiichi Masuko, Kuniyuki Gotoh, Takehiko Mogi
  • Patent number: 4344993
    Abstract: Coatings having very low critical surface tensions comprise (1) a hydrophilic polymer such as polyacrylamide, (2) an ionic perfluorocarbon compound such as 3-[((heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl)amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium iodide and (3) a cyclic sulfonium zwitterion cross-linking agent such as 2,2-bis(3-tetrahydrothiophenium-4-oxidophenyl)-propylidene. Such coatings are most advantageously employed as release coatings on internal surfaces of chemical reaction vessels in order to minimize the deposition (build-up) of undesirable materials on such internal surfaces.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 2, 1980
    Date of Patent: August 17, 1982
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company
    Inventors: Donald L. Schmidt, Malcolm E. Pruitt, Keith I. Dismuke
  • Patent number: 4331787
    Abstract: Water-miscible monomers such as acrylamide are polymerized continuously to produce a concentrated solution of a high molecular weight polymer by passing a mixture of a water-immiscible organic liquid and an aqueous solution of at least 20 weight percent of the monomer through a tubular reactor, e.g., a polyethylene tube, having internal surfaces that are readily wetted by the hydrocarbon liquid and polymerizing the monomer in the reactor. The polymerized product is recovered as a water-in-oil emulsion wherein the polymer resides in the dispersed aqueous phase or as a solid strand which is a high solids aqueous solution containing at least 20 weight percent of the water-soluble polymer of the water-miscible monomer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 31, 1980
    Date of Patent: May 25, 1982
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company
    Inventors: William J. Fairchok, Frederick W. Stanley, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4320215
    Abstract: A method of preventing scale formation and adhesion onto the surfaces of a polymerization vessel and auxilliary equipment used in polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, wherein the surfaces are coated prior to polymerization with a coating agent having the concurrent properties of (a) one or more functional groups having the ability to chelate, (b) one or more functional groups having the ability to inhibit action of free radicals, and (c) substantial insolubility to vinyl chloride monomer and insoluble to water. The concurrent presences of these functional characteristics syngergistically act to prevent scale adhesion onto the surfaces after substantial numbers of repeated polymerization charges.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 7, 1979
    Date of Patent: March 16, 1982
    Assignee: Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Kazuya Yonezawa, Tadashi Osawa
  • Patent number: 4319009
    Abstract: Cycloalphatic acrylate compositions and methods of making them are disclosed. The compositions are mixtures containing dicyclopentadiene (meth) acrylate and (meth) acrylates such as the mono and di (meth) acrylates of tri, and tetracyclopentadiene and a mixture of the copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid with adducts of cyclopentadiene with isoprene and/or piperylene and a mixture of poly (meth) acrylates having the repeating unit ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or ##STR2## R.sup.2 is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CZ-C(O)--O-- Z is H, or methyln is 0, 1 or 2 andm is 0 or 1 and when m is 0 there isa double bond present.The compositions are useful to make crosslinkable blends with unsaturated resins or monomers and to make laminates.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 13, 1978
    Date of Patent: March 9, 1982
    Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company
    Inventors: Hans R. Friedli, Donald L. Nelson, John L. Massingill, Jr.
  • Patent number: 4297320
    Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto an aqueous coating composition containing the reaction product of a thiodiphenol, or a derivative thereof, with a bleaching agent or material, such as, for example, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group, and mixtures thereof, polymer buildup on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially reduced. Multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer(s) to the surrounding atmosphere.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 23, 1980
    Date of Patent: October 27, 1981
    Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich Company
    Inventor: Louis Cohen
  • Patent number: 4286082
    Abstract: An absorbent resin composition obtained by copolymerizing in an aqueous solution a mixture of 100 parts by weight of an acrylate salt monomer (B) composed of 0 to 50 mol % of acrylic acid and 50 to 100 mol % of an alkali metal acrylate and 0.001 to 5 part by weight of a crosslinkable monomer (C) having 2 to 4 groups selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHCO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)C0-- and CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-CH.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 7, 1980
    Date of Patent: August 25, 1981
    Assignee: Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo & Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Tsuneo Tsubakimoto, Tadao Shimomura, Yoshio Irie, Yoshihiko Masuda
  • Patent number: 4272622
    Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for preventing polymer scale deposition on the reactor walls in the polymerization of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers in an aqueous medium. The inventive method comprises coating the reactor walls, piror to polymerization, with an aqueous coating solution containing a water-soluble ionic polymer and a water-soluble ionic dye having counteractive polarity to the polarity of the water-soluble ionic polymer compound. In other words, a water-soluble anionic dye is used as combined with a water-soluble cationic polymer and a water-soluble cationic dye is used as combined with a water-soluble anionic polymer compound.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 13, 1980
    Date of Patent: June 9, 1981
    Assignee: Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Hajime Kitamura, Toshihide Shimizu, Ichiro Kaneko