Abstract: A process for producing ethylene polymers or ethylene copolymers comprising the steps of: (a) continuously polymerizing ethylene or ethylene and an .alpha.-olefin in a reaction mixture at a pressure of at least 300 kg/cm.sup.2 and a temperature of at least 130.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst composed of a compound of a transition metal of groups IVa and VIa of the Periodic Table and an organometallic compound of a metal of groups I to III of the Periodic Table; and (b) adding a polyalkylene glycol to the reaction mixture to deactivate the catalyst.

Abstract: There is provided a method for terminating a gas phase olefin polymerization reaction with a kill gas such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The method involves the use of coast-down flow of recycle gas during a failure of the power source of a compressor to carry kill gas into the reaction medium. The method is particularly adaptable to a fluid bed reactor system.

Abstract: A process for preventing the formation of polymeric by-products during the production of Diels-Alder adducts is improved by the addition of NO or of a compound splitting off NO in situ, as a polymerization inhibitor. This process is especially effective for preventing the formation of polymeric by-products in the manufacture of 5-vinylnorbornene-2. In a tubular reactor, when observing narrow temperature and pressure ranges, a high selectivity is obtained in the production of this adduct.

Abstract: Polyethylene and an ethylene-.alpha.-olefin copolymer are produced by polymerizing ethylene or a mixture of ethylene with an .alpha.-olefin having 3 to 18 carbon atoms by use of a coordination polymerization catalyst containing a transition metal compound and an organometallic compound, deactivating said catalyst by adding a copolymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyl monomers having a carbonyl group represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; M represents a metal element; and m represents the valence of M,or maleic anhydride with ethylene to be mixed with said catalyst, separating unaltered monomers from the polymer mixture.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization, in an aqueous suspending medium, of vinylidene fluoride with the aid of an oil-soluble free radical polymerization initiator in the presence of a suspending agent and a chain regulator chosen from the bis(alkyl) carbonates, the alkyl groupings of which contain not more that five carbon atoms wherein the molecular weight of vinylidene fluoride polymers are effectively regulated without having a detrimental effect on the polymerization yield, thus the vinylidene fluoride polymers have a good stability to heat.

Abstract: Making a fluoroelastomer by feeding to an aqueous polymerization medium in a reactor about 25-75% by weight of the total monomers, vinylidene fluoride, at least one other fluorine-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing at least as many fluorine atoms as carbon atoms and copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride, an inorganic free-radical initiator, a chain transfer agent added in an amount sufficient to maintain a concentration in the aqueous polymerization medium of from about 0.5.times.10.sup.-3 to 5.times.10.sup.-3 moles per 100 grams of total monomers, and from about 0.02-2% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous medium, of a surfactant which is a compound having the formula:F--CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --OSO.sub.3 Mwhere n is an integer of from 2-8 or mixtures thereof and M is an alkali metal cation, hydrogen or ammonium, maintaining the pH of the aqueous polymerization medium within a range of from about 2.

Abstract: A method for treating polymers of ethylene which have been stabilized with hindered phenolic stabilizer to reduce the discoloration produced upon processing the stabilized polymer at elevated temperature wherein before completion of the processing at elevated temperature there is admixed with the stabilized polymer compositions at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxy compounds and epoxy-containing compounds. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer of ethylene and aliphatic hydroxy compound are further admixed with water. In another embodiment of the invention the aliphatic hydroxy compounds contain from 1 to 4 hydroxyl groups and are water soluble.A treated polymer of ethylene stabilized with hindered phenolic stabilizer that has been admixed with a compound chosen from the group consisting of aliphatic hydroxy compounds and epoxy-containing compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of an organic compound which is a polymerization inhibitor in aqueous suspension polymerization systems for making polymers from olefinic monomers. The inhibitor is added to the aqueous medium prior to the start of or during the reaction. Its use allows a wide range of control throughout the increased reaction rate region and substantially reduces the tailpeak encountered during the aqueous suspension polymerization of olefinic monomers. One example of a suitable inhibitor is 2,2'- methylene bis (4,6-di-tertiary butylphenol).

Abstract: An improved process for terminating the suspension polymerization reaction of vinyl chloride monomer into polyvinyl chloride which comprises adding hindered phenols of the structure presented hereinafter to the polymerization reaction at a point in time when a predetermined amount of monomer conversion has occurred.

Abstract: An improved process for terminating the suspension polymerization reaction of vinyl chloride monomer into polyvinyl chloride which comprises adding hindered phenols of the structure presented hereinafter to the polymerization reaction at a point in time when a predetermined amount of monomer conversion has occurred.

Abstract: A compound and a process for utilizing the compound to prevent the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compounds, such as styrene, during heating. The composition includes effective amounts of 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol and either a phenylenediamine or 4-tert-butylcatechol respectively, to act as a polymerization co-inhibitor system in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A compound and a process for utilizing the compound to prevent the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compounds, such as styrene, during heating. The composition includes effective amounts of 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol and either a phenylenediamine or 4-tert-butylcatechol respectively, to act as a polymerization co-inhibitor system in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A compound and a process for utilizing the compound to prevent the polymerization of vinyl aromatic compounds, such as styrene, during heating. The compound includes effective amounts of phenothiazine, 4-tert-butylcatechol and 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol respectively, as a polymerization inhibitor system in the presence of oxygen resulting in a less viscous polymer tar and in the effective inhibition of polymerization to temperatures as high as 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Fuel range liquid hydrocarbons are produced by the oligomerization of olefins in a process comprising contacting the olefins containing 5 or less carbon atoms with a water containing medium at a temperature sufficient to cause oligomerization and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the density of the medium at about 0.5 to about 1.0 grams per milliliter.

Abstract: A method of converting a continuous olefin polymerization reaction catalyzed by a Ziegler-type catalyst into one catalyzed by a chromium-based catalyst, without the need of emptying and recharging the polymerization reactor, by adding a hydroxyl-containing compound to the reactor containing the Ziegler-type catalyst to interact with such catalyst before the chromium-based catalyst is introduced into the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solution polymerization process for the preparation of high molecular weight polymers of .alpha.-olefins selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of ethylene and copolymers of ethylene and C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 .alpha.-olefins. The process comprises feeding monomer, coordination catalyst containing vanadium and inert hydrocarbon solvent to a reactor, polymerizing the monomer at a temperature in the range of 105.degree.-320.degree. C. and a pressure of less than 25 MPa and deactivating the catalyst in the solution so obtained by admixing therewith a solution of a salt of an alkaline earth metal or zinc and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid dissolved in hydrocarbon solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent is then separated from the resultant solution and a composition comprising high molecular weight polymer is recovered. Any catalyst residues remain with the polymer. A particular salt is the salt of a C.sub.8 aliphatic acid, especially calcium 2-ethyl hexanoate.

Abstract: By adding substances corresponding to the following general formula I ##STR1## in which X=O, S or N--R.sub.5 ; R.sub.1 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkenyl; R.sub.2 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl; R.sub.3 =hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl, acryl formyl or acetyl; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 =same or different, C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene phenyl, acryl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -cycloalkenyl; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 may also form a C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 -ring which may optionally contain an oxygen atom in ether form and the radicals R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may form a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -alkylene bridge or a C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 -alkenylene bridge, the radicals R.sub.

Abstract: The polymerization of a monomer component that comprises vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator is terminated by introducing into the polymerization reaction mixture when from 70% to 95% of the monomer component has been polymerized from 0.01% to 0.10% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer component, of a chain-terminating agent that is an alkyl-substituted trisphenol, such as 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert.butylphenyl)butane.

Abstract: Homopolymers of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and copolymers of GMA with other methacrylate comonomers; their preparation employing an anionic initiator which is the adduct of a selected organo(alkali metal) compound and at least one mole of methyl methacrylate or another lower alkyl methacrylate; as well as solvolyzed forms of the GMA polymers.

Abstract: The hydrocarbon fluid friction reducing properties of copolymers of two or more alpha-monoolefins having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is improved by copolymerizing the monomers in the liquid state by means of a Ziegler catalyst at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. or lower.

Abstract: A heat-stable, polymer-forming composition of a polymerizable material, a transition metal compound, a polymer chain terminator, and, optionally, a preventive antioxidant is disclosed as well as particular uses of such composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder by polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium comprising a water-soluble polymerization initiator and a non-telogenic surfactant capable of keeping colloidal polytetrafluoroethylene particles at a sufficiently stable state, characterized in that the polymerization is carried out at a temperature of 55.degree. to 120.degree. C., and a polymerization retarder chosen from aromatic hydroxy compounds, aromatic amino compounds and quinone compounds which has a water-solubility of not less than 2.5.times.10.sup.-6 mol/liter at 25.degree. C. and does not have any reinitiation ability after its addition or chain transfer to a free radical in the polymerization system is incorporated in the aqueous medium in an amount of 0.

Abstract: An improvement in the method of terminating the preparation of vinyl halide-containing polymers is disclosed. The improvement comprises injecting into the polymerization reactor at the desired level of conversion a free radical inhibitor obtained by the alkylation of p-methoxyphenol with nonene. The free radical inhibitor also functions as an antioxidant in the polymer product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the polymerization of vinyl monomers either alone or copolymerized with ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers having a terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< grouping using a free-radical yielding catalyst or catalyst system, wherein the polymerization reaction is effectively stopped by the addition to the reaction mixture of a shortstopping agent, such as, for example, 4,4'-thiodiphenol (TDP).

Abstract: In a gas phase olefin polymerization using a transition metal compound/aluminum alkyl catalyst system, polymerization can be terminated rapidly by injecting an amount of carbon oxide and then restarting efficiently by addition of an amount of aluminum alkyl.

Abstract: The polymerization of a monomer component that comprises vinyl chloride in an aqueous medium in the presence of a free radical generating polymerization initiator is terminated by introducing into the polymerization reaction mixture when from 70% to 95% of the monomer component has been polymerized from 0.01% to 0.10% by weight, based on the weight of the monomer component, of a chain-terminating agent that is a dialkylhydroxyphenylalkanoic acid ester of a neopentyl polyhydric alcohol, such as pentaerythritol tetrakis-[3-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate].

Abstract: Method and composite of forming an elastomer product which comprises (A) solvent solution polymerizing an olefin monomer in the presence of an organometallic catalyst, (B) shortstopping the reaction with an excess of a rosin acid which has not been submitted to a disproportionation process and (C) recovering the elastomer composite.

Abstract: A gas-phase olefin polymerization system is provided with means for sensing a potentially dangerous condition and means for introducing carbon dioxide into the system to at least reduce the rate of polymerization. The system may be a stirred-bed system provided with means for automatically introducing carbon dioxide into the system in response to failure of the stirrer motor.

Abstract: Butylation of a mixture of xylenols and trimethylphenols gives a product which is suitable for use as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. The material can be added to the reactor during polymerization as a shortstopper and retain effectiveness as a stabilizer in the finished polymer.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants and an oxidated silicon compound are mixed with an alkali metal hydroxide then heated to 150.degree. to 220.degree. C. while agitating thereby producing an alkali metal broken down lignin-cellulose silicate polymer which is then reacted with a polysubstituted organic compound to produce a broken down lignin-cellulose silicate copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanate silicate plastics by reaction of an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product with a compound having at least two isocyanate groups to produce a polyisocyanate silicate prepolymer. The prepolymer is then reacted with an organic compound to produce a polyisocyanate silicate plastic.

Abstract: The polymerization of butadiene and styrene in an emulsion, free-radical polymerization process using a persulphate initiator is effectively short-stopped by the addition of ascorbic acid or the sodium or potassium salts thereof. The butadiene-styrene polymer so produced may be used in those end uses generally associated with the prior known use of such polymers.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants, fine granular oxidated silicon compounds and an alkali metal hydroxide are mixed, then heated to 150.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. while agitating until the plant particles soften or melt, thereby producing an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product.

Abstract: Process and device for cooling a mixture of polymer and monomer from a reactor in which ethylene is polymerized or copolymerized at a pressure greater than 1,000 bars between a pressure-reduction valve located downstream of the reactor and a medium pressure separator. The cooling is achieved by injecting monomer at a pressure below that of the separator using a device with a nozzle cross-section S.sub.1 through which the mixture from the reactor passes, a convergent mixing zone in which the mixture is mixed with the monomer injected, which is supplied at a flow rate q, and a diffuser of throat cross-section S.sub.3, which makes it possible to bring the mixture to the pressure of the separator. The dimensions of the device are such that the ratio Q/S.sub.1 is between 0.20 and 1.35 t/hr.mm2 and the ratio (q+Q/S.sub.3 is between 0.1 and 0.3 t/hr.mm2.

Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers or copolymers having a relatively low molecular weight or degree of polymerization are prepared by a method in which an organic compound containing a mercapto group and a hydroxy or carboxyl group in a molecule is used as the chain transfer agent. Due to their very high activity, these chain transfer agents are used in amounts that are smaller than conventionally required quantities. The quality of the polymer products is satisfactory with respect to heat stability, occurrence of fish-eyes, particle size distribution, plasticizer absorption and ease of removing residual monomer.

Abstract: Thermoplastic copolymers comprise (1) tetracyclododecene, at least one alkyltetracyclododecene, or a mixture thereof copolymerized by ring opening with (2) norbornene, at least one alkylnorbornene or a mixture thereof, (3) dicyclopentadiene, and (4) at least one acyclic monoolefin or nonconjugated acyclic olefin. The copolymers can be calendered and thermoformed, for example, to make rigid automotive goods such as glovebox covers, hubcaps, and the like.

Abstract: A photosensitive polymer composition comprising(1) either a(a) soluble polymer and photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound or(b) soluble polymer having photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups in the polymer chain, and(2) about 0.001 to 10 parts, by weight, of ascorbic acids and/or their derivatives to about 100 parts, by weight, of 1(a) or 1(b).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the polymerization of ethylene in at least one multizone reactor at a pressure of 300 to 2500 bars and at a temperature of 150 to 350.degree. C. The reaction mixture is passed from the reactor to a separator at a pressure of 50 to 500 bars in which the polymer separates from the gas. The polymer is then passed to a hopper at a pressure of 1 to 20 bars in which the major part of the gas remaining dissolved in the polymer is removed. The gas from the separator is recompressed and is returned only to the first zone of the reactor.

Abstract: A 1,3-cyclodiene is polymerized with a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of a paraffin or cycloparaffin hydrocarbon diluent and an organolithium initiator. Further, polymerization of a 1,3-cyclodiene with a vinylaromatic hydrocarbon employing an organolithium initiator having a functionally greater than 1 produces a new and useful copolymer. Hydrogenated copolymers are provided.

Abstract: In the polymerization under pressure of liquid olefin to polyolefin using a Ziegler type catalyst in which the reaction mass, comprising a mixture of catalyst and polyolefin dissolved in liquid monomer, is mixed in a mixer with water to kill the catalyst and reaction after which the highly corrosive aqueous solution of Ziegler catalyst is separated from the monomer and dissolved polymer in a settling tank; lining the inner wall of the mixer and/or settling tank and/or any other part of the equipment coming into contact with the aqueous Ziegler catalyst solution with an acid resistant brick lining having an intermediate membrane lining between it and such inner wall and in which the mortar of the brick lining is a carbon-filled furan polymer, in which the membrane is a fiber glass reinforced furan polymer and in which the brick lining is cemented to the membrane and the membrane is cemented to the inner wall by a carbon-filled furan polymer adhesive.

Abstract: Dimethylnorbornene, isopropylnorbornene or a mixture thereof is copolymerized by ring opening with (1) at least one acyclic monoolefin or nonconjugated acyclic olefin and (2) optionally, dicyclopentadiene. The copolymers are thermoplastics which can be calendered and thermoformed, for example, to make rigid automotive goods such as glovebox covers, hubcaps and the like.

Abstract: 1,2-Dihydrodicyclopentadiene is copolymerized by ring opening with (1) norbornene, at least one alkylnorbornene or a mixture thereof and (2) at least one acyclic monoolefin or nonconjugated acyclic olefin. The copolymers can be calendered and thermoformed, for example, to make rigid automotive goods such as glovebox covers, hubcaps, and the like.

Abstract: At least one alkylnorbornene, wherein the alkyl group contains from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, is copolymerized by ring opening with (1) at least one acyclic monoolefin or nonconjugated acyclic olefin and (2) optionally, dicyclopentadiene. These copolymers have substantially lower glass transition temperatures than lower alkylnorbornene copolymers and can be injection molded to make appliance housings and the like, or calendered and thermoformed to make, for example, automotive goods such as glovebox covers and the like.

Abstract: Vapor phase polymerization of an olefin which comprises conveying inactive high yield titanium catalyst component to a vapor phase polymerization reactor with a liquid comprising recycled quench liquid, reactivating said inactive high yield titanium catalyst component inside the reactor with a metal alkyl reducing agent and polymerizing olefin under gas phase polymerization conditions with reactivated high yield catalyst to form a resinous polymer of an olefin having a low level of catalyst residues.

Abstract: Esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid may be polymerized with the aid of either free radical forming or ionically effective initiators. The stereospecificy of the polymers may be influenced by the selection of specific initiators; magnesium-organic compounds are suitable for the synthesis of isotactic polymers. Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters having a high degree of isotacticity and a narrow molecular weight distribution are obtained with the aid of substituted phenylmagnesium halides. They are suitable as gauge and as test substances.

Abstract: A process for sulfonating polymers which are prepared by solution polymerization using a Friedel-Crafts or Ziegler-type catalyst is disclosed. The reactor effluent containing polymer, unreacted light monomers, diluent-solvent and active catalyst is first treated to remove substantially all unreacted light monomer, e.g. by flashing. The effluent is then treated with a sulfonating agent (e.g. acetyl sulfate and acetic acid) which simultaneously deactivates catalyst. Thereafter, the sulfonated polymer is neutralized, e.g. by exposure to metal salts, organic amines, etc., and subjected to normal finishing operations, e.g. deashing, steam stripping, stabilizing and drying.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous polymerisation and copolymerisation of ethylene under a pressure higher than 500 bars and at temperatures higher than about 160.degree. C in the presence of a catalyst containing a derivative of a transition metal and an organic derivative of aluminium, wherein there is injected into the reaction mixture at the end of reaction at least one alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of a carboxylic acid, in an amount sufficient to bring about the deactivation of the catalyst, said salt being so chosen that its reaction products with the constituents of the catalyst remain in the polymer.

Abstract: Ethylene is polymerized, in the presence of hydrogen, at a temperature of 180.degree. to 340.degree. C and a pressure of 200 2,500 bars with a Ziegler catalyst in a stirred reactor having at least one first reaction zone and at least one second reaction zone. The reaction mixture is fed to a separator at a pressure of 80 to 400 bars. The improvement results from partially liquifying at least a part of the gas coming from the separator at a temperature of -50.degree. to +20.degree. C, releasing the pressure to a value of 10 to 60 bars, separating the partially liquified gas into a gas phase and a liquid phase, and recycling the gas phase to the second reaction zone and the liquid phase to the first reaction zone. The resulting polymer has a low melt index, a high polydispersity index, and superior physical properties compared to polymers prepared by conventional processes.

Abstract: Polymers of esters of methacrylic acid having an average chain length of about 6 to about 50 mers are prepared by an anionic polymerization reaction, carried out in the presence of a chain-regulating alcohol and a catalytic amount of an alkoxide anion, in which control of the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer are achieved by regulating the ratio of the total quantity of alcohol employed to the total monomer charge. These polymers, their hydrolysis products, or their hydroxyl-containing derivatives are esterified or transesterified to give polymers having pendant acrylate or methacrylate functionality which are useful in formulating films, coatings, inks, and the like.

Abstract: Novel copolymers are produced by polymerizing 2,3-dicyano-substituted 1,3-dienes with at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith selected from conjugated dienes and vinylaromatic compounds. Some of the copolymeric products are elastomeric while others are thermosetting.