Abstract: Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time control of the average particle size of catalyst system components are disclosed. Methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems also are described.

Abstract: Provided are processes and apparatuses for continuous solution polymerization which can mitigate fouling during the production of propylene-based polymers.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for recovering polymer from a gas phase reactor having a distribution plate via an outlet vessel comprising at least one apparatus for the breakup of polymeric agglomerates, the apparatus further comprising a feed pipe connecting the gas phase reactor and the outlet vessel a return gas line connecting the gas phase reactor and the outlet vessel, means for varying the flow rate through the return gas line from the outlet vessel to the gas phase reactor, and means for varying the outlet rate of polymer product from the outlet vessel.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for discharging polyolefin particles from a gas-phase polymerization reactor of a pressure from 1.0 MPa to 10 MPa to a discharge vessel of a pressure from 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa wherein the discharging is carried out discontinuously through at least two discharge lines in which the polyolefin particles are transported horizontally or upwards.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for gas phase polymerisation of olefins. The apparatus includes (a) a reaction zone having a grid at its base, (b) an inlet located in the lower half of the reaction zone for introducing a reaction gas to the reaction zone, (c) an outlet located in the upper half of the reaction zone for removing the reaction gas from the reaction zone, and (d) a solids separation unit having an inlet fluidly connected to the outlet for removing the reaction gas from the reaction zone. The inlet of the solids separation unit is located at a vertical height lower than the outlet for removal of reaction gas from the reaction zone and such that the angle to the horizontal of a straight line drawn between the inlet of the solids separation unit and the outlet for removal of reaction gas from the reaction zone is greater than 20°.

Abstract: Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time control of the average particle size of catalyst system components are disclosed. Methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems also are described.

Abstract: Method of reducing fouling in an elastomer polymerization process that includes providing a reactor capable of housing an industrial-scale elastomer polymerization reaction, and applying a mechanical force to the reactor so as to create a vibration in at least one wall of the reactor, in which fouling is reduced in the reactor. In one embodiment the reaction is an industrial scale butyl polymerization reaction and the reactor is a butyl polymerization reactor.

Abstract: This present invention provides devices for the parallelization of the formation of droplets in a multiple droplet generator integrating two or more parallel flow-focusing devices (FFDs) with either identical, or different, geometries. In the parallel identical FFDs, emulsification generates droplets with a narrow (below 4%) polydispersity despite weak coupling between the identical flow-focusing devices. Formation of droplets in the integrated droplet generator comprising FFDs with different dimensions of the microchannels occurs with strong coupling between the FFDs and produces droplets with varying sizes and size distributions. For such devices the regime in which emulsification produces droplets with varying dimensions and a narrow size distribution have been identified. The results of this work can be used in scaling up the production of droplets and in the simultaneous production of droplets and particles with different dimensions.

Abstract: An apparatus (2) includes a neutralization tank (3), a pump (4), a heat exchanger (6), a line mixer (8), a polymerizer (10), a first pipe (12), a second pipe (14), a third pipe (16), a fourth pipe (18), and a fifth pipe (20). Continuously supplied into the neutralization tank (3) are a monomer aqueous solution and a basic aqueous solution, so as to prepare a mixture solution. The mixture solution is circulated through the first pipe (12), the pump (4), the second pipe (14), the heat exchanger (6), and the third pipe (16). The mixture solution is supplied to the polymerizer through the fourth pipe (18).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for cooling a polymerization reaction for producing polyolefin comprising the steps of: (a) thermally contacting said polymerization reaction with a cooling fluid such that the cooling fluid removes thermal energy from said reaction, (b) thermally contacting said cooling fluid with a working fluid thereby recovering said thermal energy from said cooling fluid in said working fluid, and (c) thermally contacting the cooling fluid obtained in step (b) with the polymerization reaction thereby cooling said reaction, wherein the working fluid is phase converted thereby providing energy in the form of heat and/or electricity and/or mechanical power back to the polyolefin production process. Said invention also relates to a polymerization process for producing olefin polymers in a reactor, and also relates to a process for energy optimization of energy consumption in a polymerization process and to a polymerization unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a loop reactor suitable for olefin polymerization process comprising: a plurality of interconnected pipes defining a flow path for a polymer slurry, said slurry consisting essentially of an olefin reactant, a polymerization catalyst, liquid diluent and solid olefin polymer particles, means for introducing olefin reactant, polymerization catalyst and diluent into said reactor, a pump suitable for maintaining the polymer slurry in circulation in said reactor, and single settling leg connected to said loop reactor through (a) a take off line extending from said reactor to said settling leg and configured to remove said polymer slurry from said reactor, and (b) a return line extending from said settling leg to said reactor, characterized in that said take off line is radially connected to said single settling leg.

Abstract: Continuous process for manufacturing a polyolefin resin in at least two reactors in which in a first polymerization reactor, an olefin is polymerized continuously in the presence of a catalyst and a diluent to produce a first suspension comprising the diluent and polyolefin particles. At least a portion of the first suspension is transferred from the first polymerisation reactor to a second polymerisation reactor where further polymerisation takes place. A further suspension containing diluent and polymer particles is withdrawn from the second reactor and transferred to two separators, in each of which separators a diluent-rich flow and a concentrated suspension of polyolefin particles are formed and separated. The diluent-rich flow from one separator is recycled to a reactor preceding the second reactor, and the diluent-rich flow from the other separator is recycled to the second reactor. The invention enables higher separator efficiencies to be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powder transfer device that has a simple construction, yet enables the powder discharge rate to be easily controlled, as well as a polyolefin powder production process using such a powder transfer device. A powder transfer device includes a downcomer which extends downward, and a gas slider situated below the downcomer. The gas slider has, on a side thereof facing an opening at a bottom end of the downcomer, a gas dispersion plate in which a plurality of gas outlets are formed.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous polymerization with a simple constitution to produce a polymer having a high quality, as well as a method for producing the polymer using the apparatus, are provided. The apparatus comprises a vessel; a means for supplying a monomer to the vessel; a means for supplying a polymerization initiator to the vessel; a means for detecting a temperature in the vessel; a means for regulating a temperature of an outer wall surface of the vessel so as to have a preset temperature; and a means for controlling a supply flow rate of the monomer and/or the polymerization initiator to the vessel by the monomer supply means and/or the initiator supply means so that the temperature in the vessel becomes substantially the same temperature as the preset temperature.

Abstract: A polyolefin production system, comprising a polymerization reactor (such as a polyethylene loop slurry reactor) and a fractionation system that receives reactor effluent processed in a diluent/monomer recovery system for recycle to the reactor and to suppliers. A conduit diverts a portion of a reflux flow comprising monomer, such as ethylene, from within the fractionation system to the polymerization reactor, providing for less venting of monomer, such as ethylene, to the supplier. Accordingly, monomer yield is advantageously increased, as the monomer returned to the reactor displaces monomer feedstock to the reactor. The reflux flow may originate from a condensed overhead lights from a diluent recycle column disposed in the fractionation subsystem. The diluent recycle column may receive a stream comprising diluent and monomer as feed from the diluent/monomer recovery subsystem, and may receive the non-diverted portion of the reflux flow as reflux.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the high pressure polymerisation of ethylene which comprises a high pressure reactor; a conduit for the supply of ethylene to the reactor, the conduit being provided with a preheater for heating the ethylene; a waste heat boiler for the production of medium pressure steam; a source of high pressure steam; and a steam distribution system comprising a medium pressure steam net for the distribution of medium pressure steam from the waste heat boiler, in which the preheater comprises first, second and third sections and the steam distribution system is such that the first section can be supplied with steam from the medium pressure steam net, the second section can be supplied with steam from the medium pressure steam net or with high pressure steam and the third section can be supplied with high pressure steam.

Abstract: Process for the polymerization of ethylene or of ethylene with further 1-olefins, in which the ethylene is polymerized in the presence of a catalyst in a gas-phase reactor and reaction gas comprising propane and unpolymerized ethylene is circulated to remove the heat of polymerization, wherein the polymer particles are discharged continuously or discontinuously from the reactor, the polymer particles are separated from the major part of the concomitantly discharged gas and the polymer particles are degassed, the gas is freed of entrained fine particles and is separated from a low-boiling fraction comprising ethylene or from a high boiling fraction containing further 1-olefins or alkanes having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms in a first separation stage, a propane fraction is separated off in a second separation stage and this propane fraction is used for degassing the polymer particles discharged from the reactor, with the proportion of ethylene in the propane fraction being less than 1 mol % and the proportion of

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of ethylene polymers and copolymers in which ethylene is compressed in a primary compressor at a throughput of at least 55 tonnes/hour, mixed with recycled ethylene and further compressed in a two-stage reciprocating secondary compressor having at least 14 cylinders to a pressure of at least 2300 bar at a throughput of at least 120 tonnes/hour, heating at least a portion of that ethylene to a temperature of at least 95° C. and introducing it into a tubular reactor of diameter at least 65 mm and a length of at least 1500 m, introducing initiator in at least three reaction zones to give a conversion of at least 28% and maintaining a pressure drop over the reactor to maintain a flow velocity of at least 6 m/s.

Abstract: Process for polymerizing at least one olefinic monomer in a loop reactor at from 20 to 150° C., but below the melting point of the polymer to be formed, and a pressure of from 5 to 100 bar, where the polymer formed is present in a suspension in a liquid or supercritical suspension medium and this suspension is circulated by means of an axial pump, wherein the loop reactor comprises a cyclic reactor tube whose diameter varies by at least 10%, based on the predominant reactor tube diameter, and in which there is at least one widening and narrowing in a region other than that of the axial pump.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing polymer solids from a slurry loop reactor. A discharge conduit having a longitudinal axis and an end section for removing polymer solids from the slurry loop reactor is provided. The discharge conduit is attached to the slurry loop reactor so that the longitudinal axis and at least a portion of an outer wall of the slurry loop reactor form an angle of less than about 90 degrees. The end section includes a first edge and a second edge that extends past at least a portion of an inner wall of the slurry loop reactor into a liquid reactor slurry. Polymer solids contained within the liquid reactor slurry are concentrated on the second edge so that an average polymer solids concentration in the discharge slurry is greater than an average polymer solids concentration of the liquid reactor slurry within the slurry loop reactor.

Abstract: To meter catalysts into a reactor, the catalyst is firstly suspended in a hydrocarbon in a reservoir and the suspension obtained is kept in motion by stirring and then fed via a three-way metering valve and an ejector into the actual reactor, wherein the suspension containing the catalyst is firstly discharged from the reservoir by means of a pump and continuously circulated by returning the suspension via the three-way metering valve within a closed piping system to the reservoir, subsequently setting a pressure in the reservoir which is from 0.1 to 30 bar higher than the pressure in the reactor and then continuously introducing the suspension into the reactor via a flow meter which controls the three-way metering valve and via a downstream ejector by pulse operation of the now open three-way metering valve.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for separating polymer solids, hydrocarbon fluids, and purge gas in an intermediate pressure zone and a purge zone. The purge gas in the purge zone is used to remove hydrocarbon fluids from the polymer solids, and a stream containing the purge gas and hydrocarbons is passed to a hydrocarbon/purge gas recovery zone. High-purity purge gas from the recovery zone is efficiently used by passing a portion back to the purge zone and another portion to an extruder feed zone. Hydrocarbon fluids separated from polymer solids in the intermediate pressure zone and in the hydrocarbon/purge gas recovery zone are liquefied and passed to a recycle zone, and the hydrocarbons (typically liquid diluent and/or unreacted monomer) are recycled to the reactor without fractionation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a radical polymer having controlled molecular weight distribution or a narrow molecular weight distribution profile, comprising feeding a radical polymerization initiator and a radical-polymerizable monomer into a reaction tube having an inner diameter of 2 mm or less and performing polymerization in the reaction tube in a homogeneous liquid state under flow conditions. Also provided is a microreactor having a jacket for allowing a temperature-regulating fluid to pass therethrough and a plurality of round tubes which are arranged in parallel in the jacket, each having an inner diameter of 2 mm or less, wherein reaction temperature in the round tubes can be regulated through flowing of the temperature-regulating fluid in the jacket.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for continuous polymerization of olefin(s), and a method for transferring a polymer powder from one reactor to another in the apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of serially disposed gas-phase polymerization reactors including a combination of an upstream and downstream reactors and a gas exchange vessel disposed between both reactors. The gas exchange vessel is connected to the upstream and downstream reactors by a first and second transfer conduits, respectively. The gas exchange vessel has a gas distributor plate therein which partitions the gas exchange vessel into an upper section having a gas exchange chamber and a lower section. In the gas exchange chamber, the gas transferred from the upstream reactor together with a polymer powder is exchange at least partly with fresh gas introduced through the gas distributor plate via the lower section. The polymer powder is then transferred to the downstream reactor.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a slurry polymerization system and method to decrease polymer deposition on reactor surfaces using an oxygenate such as alcohol (16) supplied to the polymerization medium (32) separate from the catalyst feed (34).

Abstract: A method of precipitating a poly(arylene ether) includes combining a poly(arylene ether) solution with an antisolvent at a shear rate of greater than 50,000 sec?1. The high shear mixing conditions produce a poly(arylene ether) dispersion in which the poly(arylene ether) solid contains reduced amounts of undesirably fine particles.

Abstract: A polymerization process and polymerization reactor are provided. For example, a polymerization process is described, including passing a feed stream including liquid and gas through a feed stream inlet disposed proximate an upflow polymerization reactor, passing the feed stream through a member configured to impart an angular velocity to the feed stream and entrain the liquid in the gas, and contacting the feed stream with a catalyst to polymerize the feed stream.

Abstract: A method for producing an aqueous polymer dispersion by radical emulsion polymerization of an aqueous monomer emulsion, wherein the monomer emulsion is produced continually according to consumption by mixing the components thereof using a mixing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes and plants for continuous solution polymerization. Such plant and processes include a pressure source, a polymerization reactor, downstream of said pressure source, pressure let-down device, downstream of said polymerization reactor, and a separator, downstream of said pressure let-down device, wherein said pressure source is sufficient to provide pressure to said reaction mixture during operation of said process plant to produce a single-phase liquid reaction mixture in said reactor and a two-phase liquid-liquid reaction mixture in said separator in the absence of an additional pressure source between said reactor and said separator.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a polyarylene sulfide through polymerization condensation of a sulfur source and a dihalogenated aromatic compound by using a polymerization vessel equipped with baffles that are asymmetrically arranged in the polymerization vessel or in the form of round bar, or by using a polymerization vessel equipped with an agitational blade which is devoid of a notch in the vicinity of the tip portion of the blade, and is in such a configuration as substantially equalizing the spacing between the tip portion thereof and the opposite bottom portion and/or end portion of the polymerization vessel all over the tip portion thereof; and an apparatus used for the process. The process and apparatus enables to form a uniform dispersion state of polymer phase in the vessel and to produce polyarylene sulfide having a high molecular weight.

Abstract: A process of preparing a liquid reaction product in a column reactor, which reactor comprises a space between coaxial tubular interior surfaces comprising an inner interior surface and an outer interior surface, comprising the steps, a) feeding the liquid precursor reactant material through an inlet port in the outer interior surface, b) flowing the liquid precursor material through the space between the outer interior surface and the inner interior surface, c) subjecting the liquid precursor material in step (b) to reaction conditions to form the liquid reaction product, d) passing the liquid polymer composition through an outlet port in the outer interior surface, characterised in that the distance of the inner internal surface and the outer interior surface is less than 20 mm and the ratio of the cross-sectional diameter (D′) of the inner interior surface to the cross-sectional diameter (D″) of the outer interior surface is at least 0.8:1.

Abstract: In the process and a correspondingly appropriate device for preparing homo- or copolymers of at least one of the, polymerizable monomers of the group consisting of styrene, butadiene, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, alkyl (meth)acrylatc (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylamide reaction is carried out at at least 40° C. in the presence of a dispersing auxiliary and of a free-radical polymerization initiator such that at least 85% by weight of the polymer is formed from these monomers.

Abstract: Tubular reactor apparatus and processes are provided for improved polymerization including using chain transfer agents and multiple monomer feeds spaced lengthwise along the tubular reactor providing high conversions of monomer into polymer. The invention also relates to polymers made from such a tubular reactor apparatus and processes including those polymers having a low haze value, a density over 0.92 g/cm3 and/or having terminal carbonyl groups. The apparatus and methods uncouple or reduce the dependency between the monomer concentration and transfer agent concentration. The uncoupling in other embodiments may also be varied leading to multiple desirable effects.

Abstract: A method for producing an olefin homopolymer or an olefin copolymer from an olefin or an olefin and at least one comonomer copolymerizable therewith by continuous slurry polymerization or continuous gaseous phase polymerization in the presence of a metallocene catalyst, the method comprising transferring the catalyst to a polymerizer and introducing the catalyst into the polymerizer while continuously feeding the olefin or the olefin and the comonomer into the polymerizer, to thereby effect a homopolymerization of the olefin or a copolymerization of the olefin and the comonomer, wherein, said catalyst is subjected to hydrogen gas-treatment in which said catalyst is contacted with hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Tubular reactor apparatus and processes are provided for improved polymerization including using chain transfer agents and multiple monomer feeds spaced lengthwise along the tubular reactor providing high conversions of monomer into polymer. The invention also relates to polymers made from such a tubular reactor apparatus and processes including those polymers having a low haze value, a density over 0.92 g/cm3 and/or having terminal carbonyl groups. The apparatus and methods uncouple or reduce the dependency between the monomer concentration and transfer agent concentration. The uncoupling in other embodiments may also be varied leading to multiple desirable effects.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reacting a plurality of different mixtures in parallel in a semi-batch or continuous mode is provided. Each reaction is contained within a reactor vessel, the reactor vessels combined into a reactor block. Reactant(s) to be added during the reaction are kept in a header barrel, which has a plunger to feed reactant(s) from the header barrel through a transfer line into the reactor vessel. The plunger is moved using a drive system. The header barrels are optionally combined in a header block. The header block is sealed to a plate containing the transfer lines, which in turn is sealed to the reactor block. A latch mechanism is provided for easy sealing of the reactor and header blocks to the plate. The entire apparatus may be placed on a rocker or rotating plate for mixture as the reaction is proceeding.

Abstract: A novel liquid phase polymerization process for preparing a polyolefin product having preselected properties is disclosed. The process includes the steps of providing a liquid feedstock which contains an olefinic component and a catalyst composition consisting of a stable complex of BF3 and a complexing agent therefor. The feedstock may comprise any one or more of a number of olefins including branched olefins such as isobutylene, C3 to C15 linear alpha olefins and C4 to C15 reactive non-alpha olefins. The feedstock and the catalyst composition are introduced into a residual reaction mixture recirculating in a loop reactor reaction zone provided in the tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger at a recirculation rate sufficient to cause intimate intermixing of the residual reaction mixture, the added feedstock and the added catalyst composition.

Abstract: A novel liquid phase polymerization process for preparing a polyolefin product having preselected properties is disclosed. The process includes the steps of providing a liquid feedstock which contains an olefinic component and a catalyst composition consisting of a stable complex of BF3 and a complexing agent therefor. The feedstock may comprise any one or more of a number of olefins including branched olefins such as isobutylene, C3 to C15 linear alpha olefins and C4 to C15 reactive non-alpha olefins. The feedstock and the catalyst composition are introduced into a residual reaction mixture recirculating in a loop reactor reaction zone provided in the tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger at a recirculation rate sufficient to cause intimate intermixing of the residual reaction mixture, the added feedstock and the added catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and an apparatus of introducing polymer slurry obtained from a slurry reactor into a gas phase reactor containing a fluidized bed (C, D). According to the present invention, the content of the slurry reactor (R1) is conducted directly to the fluidized bed reactor (R2) as a multiphase stream comprising polymer, active catalyst and reaction medium using at least one feed line (10; 11; 12), and the stream is fed below a first fluidized zone (C) of the gas phase reactor via inlet pipe protruding into the fluidized bed in order to increase the once-through conversion of the process. By means of the invention, the amount of unreacted monomers which needs to be recirculated is minimized and investment and operation costs of the recovery section are greatly reduced.

Abstract: Described herein is a process and an apparatus for polymerizing propylene. The process comprises carrying out the polymerization in at least one slurry reactor and at least one gas phase reactor without recycling unreacted monomers to the slurry reactor. A polymerization product containing unreacted monomers is recovered from the slurry reactor and volatile components are separated from the product in a separation unit. The polymerization product is recovered from the separation unit and conducted to a first gas phase reactor; and at least a part of the volatile components a recovered from the separation unit and conducted them to a gas phase reactor. At least 10% of the polymer product is produced in the gas phase reactor(s). The invention provides propylene homopolymers and alloys of propylene homopolymers and copolymers having good impact and creep properties.

Abstract: There are provided: (1) a fluidized bed reactor for gas phase olefin polymerization, which has at least one drawing-out means for drawing out olefinic polymer powder within every zone of: (i) a zone (zone X) from a gas distribution plate to a height L1 satisfying the following formula (1); and (ii) another zone (zone Y) from a height L2 satisfying the following formula (2) to a powder level height of a fluidized bed, L1<0.1×D  (1) L2=0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous gas phase polymerization of olefin(s) in a reactor containing a fluidized bed, consisting of a cylinder with a vertical side wall and of a desurging or disengagement chamber (3) mounted above the said cylinder, characterized in that the fluidized bed occupies at least all of the cylinder with a vertical side wall of the reactor.

Abstract: A styrene resin composition excellent in luster, rigidity and surface impact strength is provided. A mixed solution of (b1) a homopolymer of a diene monomer or (b2) a copolymer of a styrene monomer and a diene monomer, the copolymer having 15% or less on a weight basis of the styrene structure units, (b3) a copolymer of a styrene monomer and a diene monomer, the copolymer having 20 to 50% on a weight basis of the styrene structure units, (a1) a styrene monomer, and (a2) a (meth)acrylic acid alkyl ester is continuously bulk polymerized in a continuous bulk polymerization line having incorporated therein a tubular reactor with a plurality of mixing elements that have no mobile part fixed inside thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for continuous gas phase polymerization of olefin(s) in a reactor containing a fluidized bed, consisting of a cylinder with a vertical side wall and of a desurging or disengagement chamber mounted above the said cylinder, characterized in that the fluidized bed occupies at least all of the cylinder with a vertical side wall of the reactor.

Abstract: A continuous process for the manufacture of olefin polymers in a continuous gas phase polymerization reaction wherein monomer, after passage through the fluidized bed, is cooled to a temperature below its dew point to produce a mixture of cold gas and liquid. All or part of the cold gas is introduced into the bottom of the reactor to serve as the fluidizing gas stream for the fluidized bed. Cold liquid separated from the mixture is warmed to form a heated fluid by passing in indirect heat exchange relation with the fluidized bed and the heated fluid is then injected directly into the bed; combined with the fluidizing gas stream; sprayed on top of the bed or combined with gaseous monomer removed from the fluidized bed for cooling.

Abstract: A system for controlling temperature of a polymerization process includes a primary reactor system having a polymerization reactor and a recycle gas line which includes a heat exchanger, a primary temperature controller which continuously measures temperature within the reactor and provides a coolant adjust signal, a secondary cooling system which circulates a mixture of fresh and recirculated coolant through the heat exchanger and a secondary temperature controller which continuously measures the temperature of the mixed coolant and adjusts the proportion of mixed coolant to fresh coolant based on the coolant adjust signal and the temperature of the mixed coolant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for polymerizing a vinyl monomer wherein a liquid reaction mixture flows through a tubular reactor equipped with a primary heat exchanger connected to a primary cooling loop where a primary coolant liquid circulates, optionally cooled by contact with a secondary heat exchanger fitted in the said primary loop and placed in a heat exchange zone of a secondary cooling device containing a secondary coolant liquid. The primary coolant liquid employed in the absence of a secondary cooling device or the secondary coolant liquid consists essentially of superheated water under pressure which produces low-pressure steam which preferably is recovered at least partly thermally or energetically.

Abstract: An improved process for the anionic extruder polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds in the presence of an organoalkali metal compound initiator employs relatively high reaction temperatures but relatively short residence times in the extruder.

Abstract: A method of addition of polymerization initiator in the process of suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization polymerizing a polymerizable monomer in aqueous medium, comprising introducing a low-temperature-active polymerization initiator taking part in the polymerization reaction to a piping system filled beforehand with water and successively adding said initiator in the piping system to polymerization system within 20 minutes using water.

Abstract: A continuous polymerization device is equipped with a stirring mechanism which possesses a drive shaft parallel to the direction of flow, a multiple number of polymerization precursor supply ports in the direction of flow, and at least one polymerization product output port at its latter portion, and possessing mixing capability with respect to the radial direction while possessing no actual mixing capability with respect to the direction of flow, in a continuous polymerization device which functions by piston flow.